界面管理任务对核电厂操纵员的认知行为影响分析
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摘要
为了识别界面管理任务对核电厂操纵员的认知行为的影响,首先对核电厂数字化主控室人机界面特征进行分析,并识别操纵员的主要认知行为特征,然后分别从监视检测、状态评估、计划响应、计划执行4种主要的认知行为进行分析,识别界面管理任务对其的影响。结果显示,界面管理任务对认知行为产生的不利影响主要表现为操纵员的认知负荷和操作负荷的增加。针对上述的不利影响,提出了相应的人因失误预防对策。
In order to identify the impact of interface management tasks on the cognitive behavior of nuclear power plant operators, this paper analyzes the human-machine interface characteristics of the digital control room, identifies the main cognitive behavior characteristics of the operator, and then analyzes the four main cognitive behaviors from monitoring and detection, state assessment, plan response and plan execution to identify the impact of the interface management task. The results show that the adverse effects of interface management tasks on cognitive behavior are mainly manifested by the operator's cognitive load and operational load increase. In response to the above adverse effects, the corresponding countermeasures for human error prevention were proposed.
In order to identify the impact of interface management tasks on the cognitive behavior of nuclear power plant operators, this paper analyzes the human-machine interface characteristics of the digital control room, identifies the main cognitive behavior characteristics of the operator, and then analyzes the four main cognitive behaviors from monitoring and detection, state assessment, plan response and plan execution to identify the impact of the interface management task. The results show that the adverse effects of interface management tasks on cognitive behavior are mainly manifested by the operator's cognitive load and operational load increase. In response to the above adverse effects, the corresponding countermeasures for human error prevention were proposed.
引文
[1] LEE S J, KIM J H, JANG S. Human Error Mode Identification for NPP Main Control Room Operations Using Soft Controls[J].Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology,2011,48(6):902-910.
[2] O’HARA J M, BROWN W S. The effects of interface management tasks on crew performance and safety in complex, computer-based systems: detailed analysis[R]. U.S. NRC, NUREG/CR-6690,2002(2):11-22.
[3] 李鹏程,张力,戴立操,黄卫刚.核电厂数字化人-机界面特征对人因失误的影响研究[J].核动力工程,2011,32(1):48-52.
[4] 刘素娟.核电厂数字化控制室界面管理任务对控制室运行人员的影响[J].中国核电,2008(2):162-167.
[5] 顾玲玲,张力,李鹏程.数字化主控室界面管理任务对操纵员的影响研究[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版),2011,12(1):55-57.
[6] HARA J O, STUBLER W, WACHTEL J, et al. The Effects of Interface Management Tasks on Operator Performance in Complex Systems[J].Human Factors & Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings,1998,42(23):1635-1635.
[7] LEE S J, JUNG W. Task Analysis of Soft Control Operations Using Simulation Data in Nuclear Power Plants[C]//International Conference on Human Interface and the Management of Information. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,2013(8017):524-529.
[8] WICKENS C D, GOH J, HELLEBURG J, HORREY W J, TALLEUR D A. Attentional models of multi-pilot performance using advanced displayed technology[J].Humman Factors,2003,45(3):360-380.
[9] 许远理,李亦菲,朱新明.评价问题难度的一种新方法-认知负荷测量模型[J].心理学动态,1998(2):7-11.
[10] 汪海波,薛澄岐,黄剑伟,宋广丽.基于认知负荷的人机交互数字界面设计和评价[J].电子机械工程,2013,29(5):57-60.
[11] JOHANNESAN L J, COOK R I, WOODS D D. Cooperative Communications in Dynamic Fault Management[J].Human Factors & Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1994,38(4):225-229.
[12] VAN V L J. Engineering Psychology and Human Performance[J]. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology,1987,13(1):305-330.
[13] RASMUSSEN J. Skills, rules, knowledge: Signals, signs, and symbols and other distinctions in human performance models[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics,1983,SMC-13(3):257-267.
[14] HUSSEINY A A, SABRI Z A, PACKER D, et al. Operating procedure automation to enhance safety of nuclear power plants[J].Nuclear Engineering & Design, 1989,110(3):277-297.
[15] JANG I, PARK J, SEONG P. An empirical study on the relationships between functional performance measure and task performance measure in NPP MCR[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2012,42(none):96-103.
[2] O’HARA J M, BROWN W S. The effects of interface management tasks on crew performance and safety in complex, computer-based systems: detailed analysis[R]. U.S. NRC, NUREG/CR-6690,2002(2):11-22.
[3] 李鹏程,张力,戴立操,黄卫刚.核电厂数字化人-机界面特征对人因失误的影响研究[J].核动力工程,2011,32(1):48-52.
[4] 刘素娟.核电厂数字化控制室界面管理任务对控制室运行人员的影响[J].中国核电,2008(2):162-167.
[5] 顾玲玲,张力,李鹏程.数字化主控室界面管理任务对操纵员的影响研究[J].南华大学学报(社会科学版),2011,12(1):55-57.
[6] HARA J O, STUBLER W, WACHTEL J, et al. The Effects of Interface Management Tasks on Operator Performance in Complex Systems[J].Human Factors & Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings,1998,42(23):1635-1635.
[7] LEE S J, JUNG W. Task Analysis of Soft Control Operations Using Simulation Data in Nuclear Power Plants[C]//International Conference on Human Interface and the Management of Information. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg,2013(8017):524-529.
[8] WICKENS C D, GOH J, HELLEBURG J, HORREY W J, TALLEUR D A. Attentional models of multi-pilot performance using advanced displayed technology[J].Humman Factors,2003,45(3):360-380.
[9] 许远理,李亦菲,朱新明.评价问题难度的一种新方法-认知负荷测量模型[J].心理学动态,1998(2):7-11.
[10] 汪海波,薛澄岐,黄剑伟,宋广丽.基于认知负荷的人机交互数字界面设计和评价[J].电子机械工程,2013,29(5):57-60.
[11] JOHANNESAN L J, COOK R I, WOODS D D. Cooperative Communications in Dynamic Fault Management[J].Human Factors & Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1994,38(4):225-229.
[12] VAN V L J. Engineering Psychology and Human Performance[J]. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology,1987,13(1):305-330.
[13] RASMUSSEN J. Skills, rules, knowledge: Signals, signs, and symbols and other distinctions in human performance models[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics,1983,SMC-13(3):257-267.
[14] HUSSEINY A A, SABRI Z A, PACKER D, et al. Operating procedure automation to enhance safety of nuclear power plants[J].Nuclear Engineering & Design, 1989,110(3):277-297.
[15] JANG I, PARK J, SEONG P. An empirical study on the relationships between functional performance measure and task performance measure in NPP MCR[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2012,42(none):96-103.