虚拟同步储能变换器的功率环双模式控制
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摘要
根据虚拟同步储能变换器功率环主要参数的相互影响进行了小信号建模分析,为功率环参数设计和选取范围提供了参考。据此,针对虚拟储能变换器并网运行时存在的稳态功率偏差和功率限额问题,提出一种适用于并网工况的储能变换器虚拟同步机PQ模式控制策略,并在必要时将PQ模式与VSG下垂模式进行切换。虚拟同步发电机(VSG)的PQ模式并网除了能实现稳态时恒功率运行外,暂态过程中还具有一定的惯性和阻尼,并网状态下能够自同步,无需锁相环。仿真和实验结果表明,所提双模式控制策略稳定可靠且切换平滑。
The mutual influence of the key parameters for the power loop of virtual synchronous storage converter is analyzed in small signal model, which provides a reference for the design and selection of the power loop parameters. According to the deficiency of power deviation and limit under grid-connected operation for virtual synchronous storage converter, a PQ mode control strategy of virtual synchronous machine which is suitable for grid-connected operation is presented, and the switching between PQ mode and the virtual synchronous generator(VSG) mode which is operated when it is necessary. The PQ mode control can not only realize constant power operation in steady state, but also have certain inertia and damping in transient process. It can realize self-synchronization in grid-connected state, and the phase-locked loop is not needed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is stable, and smooth switch is also reliable.
The mutual influence of the key parameters for the power loop of virtual synchronous storage converter is analyzed in small signal model, which provides a reference for the design and selection of the power loop parameters. According to the deficiency of power deviation and limit under grid-connected operation for virtual synchronous storage converter, a PQ mode control strategy of virtual synchronous machine which is suitable for grid-connected operation is presented, and the switching between PQ mode and the virtual synchronous generator(VSG) mode which is operated when it is necessary. The PQ mode control can not only realize constant power operation in steady state, but also have certain inertia and damping in transient process. It can realize self-synchronization in grid-connected state, and the phase-locked loop is not needed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategy is stable, and smooth switch is also reliable.
引文
[1] 葛俊,刘辉,江浩,等.虚拟同步发电机并网运行适应性分析及探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):26-35.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171031013.GE Jun, LIU Hui, JIANG Hao, et al. Analysis and investigation on grid-connected operation adaptability of virtual synchronous generators [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 26-35. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS 20171031013.
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[5] 石荣亮,张兴,徐海珍,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的多能互补孤立型微网运行控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):32-40.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, XU Haizhen, et al. Operation control strategy for multi-energy complementary isolated microgrid based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(18): 32-40.
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[7] 孟建辉,王毅,石新春,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的分布式逆变电源控制策略及参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):1-10.MENG Jianhui, WANG Yi, SHI Xinchun, et al. Control strategy and parameter analysis of distributed inverters based on VSG[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(12): 1-10.
[8] 陶亮,程军照,王文玺,等.虚拟同步发电机参数设计及优化方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(12):128-135.TAO Liang, CHENG Junzhao, WANG Wenxi, et al. Methods of parameter design and optimization in virtual synchronous generator technology[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018, 46(12): 128-135.
[9] 邹培根,孟建辉,王毅,等.灵活虚拟同步机主要控制参数对系统频率稳定性的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2018,44(4):1335-1342.ZOU Peigen, MENG Jianhui, WANG Yi, et al. Influence analysis of the main control parameters in FVSG on the frequency stability of the system [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(4): 1335-1342.
[10] 吴恒,阮新波,杨东升,等.虚拟同步发电机功率环的建模与参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6508-6518.WU Heng, RUAN Xinbo, YANG Dongsheng, et al. Modeling of the power loop and parameter design of virtual synchronous generators[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(24): 6508-6518.
[11] 石荣亮,张兴,徐海珍,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的微网运行模式无缝切换控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):16-23.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, XU Haizhen, et al. Seamless switching control strategy for microgrid operation modes based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(10): 16-23.
[12] 石荣亮,张兴,徐海珍,等.基于自适应模式切换的虚拟同步发电机功率控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(12):127-137.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, XU Haizhen, et al. The active and reactive power control of virtual synchronous generator based on adaptive mode switching[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(12): 127-137.
[13] 徐玉琴,马焕均.基于改进下垂控制的逆变器并联运行技术[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(7):103-107.XU Yuqin, MA Huanjun. Parallel operation technology of inverters based on improved droop control[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2015, 43(7): 103-107.
[14] 姚玮,陈敏,牟善科,等.基于改进下垂法的微电网逆变器并联控制技术[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(6):77-80.YAO Wei, CHEN Min, MOU Shanke, et al. Paralleling control technique of microgrid inverters based on improved droop method[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2009, 33(6): 77-80.
[15] 李新,刘国梁,杨苒晨,等.具有暂态阻尼特性的虚拟同步发电机控制策略及无缝切换方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2081-2088.LI Xin, LIU Guoliang, YANG Ranchen, et al. VSG control strategy with transient damping term and seamless switching control method[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(7): 2081-2088.
[16] 颜湘武,贾焦心,王德胜,等.虚拟同步发电机的并网功率控制及模式平滑切换[J].电力系统自动化, 2018,42(9):91-99.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115021.YAN Xiangwu, JIA Jiaoxin, WANG Desheng, et al. Power control and smooth mode switchover for grid-connected virtual synchronous generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 91-99. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS 20171115021.
[17] 江浩,刘辉,王阳,等.虚拟同步发电机单机并网小信号模型及其稳定性分析[J].华北电力技术,2017(4):55-60.JIANG Hao, LIU Hui, WANG Yang, et al. Small-signal modelling and stability analysis of one virtual synchronous generator connected to the utility grid[J]. North China Electric Power, 2017(4): 55-60.
[18] 陈丹.微网逆变器的VSG运行控制研究[D].北京:北方工业大学,2018.CHEN Dan. Research on VSG operation control applied to micro grid inverter[D]. Beijing: North China University of Technology, 2018.
[19] 颜湘武,刘正男,徐恒波,等.虚拟同步发电机特性的三相逆变器小信号建模及分析[J].华北电力大学学报,2016,43(3):1-8.YAN Xiangwu, LIU Zhengnan, XU Hengbo, et al. Small-signal modeling and analysis of three-phase characteristics of virtual synchronous generator[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University, 2016, 43(3): 1-8.
[20] 李新,杨苒晨,邵雨亭,等.级联型储能系统中虚拟同步发电机控制及电池自均衡策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):180-187.DOI:10.7500/AEPS 20171115001.LI Xin, YANG Ranchen, SHAO Yuting, et al. Strategy of virtual synchronous generator control and battery balancing in cascaded H-bridge based energy storage system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 180-187. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171115001.
[21] 李吉祥,赵晋斌,屈克庆,等.考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1451-1457.LI Jixiang, ZHAO Jinbin, QU Keqing, et al. Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOC characteristics[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(5): 1451-1457.
[22] 魏亚龙,张辉,孙凯,等.基于虚拟功率的虚拟同步发电机预同步方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):124-129.WEI Yalong, ZHANG Hui, SUN Kai, et al. Pre- synchronization method of virtual synchronous generator using virtual power[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(12): 124-129.
[23] 曾正,邵伟华,刘清阳,等.并网逆变器数字锁相环的数学物理本质分析[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(4):808-816.ZENG Zheng, SHAO Weihua, LIU Qingyang, et al. Mathematical and physical fundaments of digital phase-locked loop for grid-connected inverters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(4): 808-816.
[2] 曾正,邵伟华,冉立,等.虚拟同步发电机的模型及储能单元优化设置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(13):22-31. ZENG Zheng, SHAO Weihua, RAN Li, et al. Mathematical model and strategic energy storage selection of virtual synchronous generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(13): 22-31.
[3] 孟建辉.分布式电源的虛拟同步发电机控制技术研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2015.MENG Jianhui. Control strategy of virtual synchronous generator for distributed generation[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2015.
[4] 吕志鹏,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.虚拟同步发电机及其在微电网中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2591-2603.Lü Zhipeng, SHENG Wanxing, ZHONG Qingchang, et al. Virtual synchronous generator and its applications in micro-grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(16): 2591-2603.
[5] 石荣亮,张兴,徐海珍,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的多能互补孤立型微网运行控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):32-40.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, XU Haizhen, et al. Operation control strategy for multi-energy complementary isolated microgrid based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(18): 32-40.
[6] 朱蜀,刘开培,秦亮.虚拟同步发电机的暂态稳定性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):51-58.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115017.ZHU Shu, LIU Kaipei, QIN Liang. Transient stability analysis of virtual synchronous generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 51-58. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS 20171115017.
[7] 孟建辉,王毅,石新春,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的分布式逆变电源控制策略及参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):1-10.MENG Jianhui, WANG Yi, SHI Xinchun, et al. Control strategy and parameter analysis of distributed inverters based on VSG[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(12): 1-10.
[8] 陶亮,程军照,王文玺,等.虚拟同步发电机参数设计及优化方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(12):128-135.TAO Liang, CHENG Junzhao, WANG Wenxi, et al. Methods of parameter design and optimization in virtual synchronous generator technology[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018, 46(12): 128-135.
[9] 邹培根,孟建辉,王毅,等.灵活虚拟同步机主要控制参数对系统频率稳定性的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2018,44(4):1335-1342.ZOU Peigen, MENG Jianhui, WANG Yi, et al. Influence analysis of the main control parameters in FVSG on the frequency stability of the system [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(4): 1335-1342.
[10] 吴恒,阮新波,杨东升,等.虚拟同步发电机功率环的建模与参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6508-6518.WU Heng, RUAN Xinbo, YANG Dongsheng, et al. Modeling of the power loop and parameter design of virtual synchronous generators[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(24): 6508-6518.
[11] 石荣亮,张兴,徐海珍,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的微网运行模式无缝切换控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(10):16-23.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, XU Haizhen, et al. Seamless switching control strategy for microgrid operation modes based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(10): 16-23.
[12] 石荣亮,张兴,徐海珍,等.基于自适应模式切换的虚拟同步发电机功率控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(12):127-137.SHI Rongliang, ZHANG Xing, XU Haizhen, et al. The active and reactive power control of virtual synchronous generator based on adaptive mode switching[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(12): 127-137.
[13] 徐玉琴,马焕均.基于改进下垂控制的逆变器并联运行技术[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(7):103-107.XU Yuqin, MA Huanjun. Parallel operation technology of inverters based on improved droop control[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2015, 43(7): 103-107.
[14] 姚玮,陈敏,牟善科,等.基于改进下垂法的微电网逆变器并联控制技术[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(6):77-80.YAO Wei, CHEN Min, MOU Shanke, et al. Paralleling control technique of microgrid inverters based on improved droop method[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2009, 33(6): 77-80.
[15] 李新,刘国梁,杨苒晨,等.具有暂态阻尼特性的虚拟同步发电机控制策略及无缝切换方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(7):2081-2088.LI Xin, LIU Guoliang, YANG Ranchen, et al. VSG control strategy with transient damping term and seamless switching control method[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(7): 2081-2088.
[16] 颜湘武,贾焦心,王德胜,等.虚拟同步发电机的并网功率控制及模式平滑切换[J].电力系统自动化, 2018,42(9):91-99.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115021.YAN Xiangwu, JIA Jiaoxin, WANG Desheng, et al. Power control and smooth mode switchover for grid-connected virtual synchronous generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 91-99. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS 20171115021.
[17] 江浩,刘辉,王阳,等.虚拟同步发电机单机并网小信号模型及其稳定性分析[J].华北电力技术,2017(4):55-60.JIANG Hao, LIU Hui, WANG Yang, et al. Small-signal modelling and stability analysis of one virtual synchronous generator connected to the utility grid[J]. North China Electric Power, 2017(4): 55-60.
[18] 陈丹.微网逆变器的VSG运行控制研究[D].北京:北方工业大学,2018.CHEN Dan. Research on VSG operation control applied to micro grid inverter[D]. Beijing: North China University of Technology, 2018.
[19] 颜湘武,刘正男,徐恒波,等.虚拟同步发电机特性的三相逆变器小信号建模及分析[J].华北电力大学学报,2016,43(3):1-8.YAN Xiangwu, LIU Zhengnan, XU Hengbo, et al. Small-signal modeling and analysis of three-phase characteristics of virtual synchronous generator[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University, 2016, 43(3): 1-8.
[20] 李新,杨苒晨,邵雨亭,等.级联型储能系统中虚拟同步发电机控制及电池自均衡策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(9):180-187.DOI:10.7500/AEPS 20171115001.LI Xin, YANG Ranchen, SHAO Yuting, et al. Strategy of virtual synchronous generator control and battery balancing in cascaded H-bridge based energy storage system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 180-187. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20171115001.
[21] 李吉祥,赵晋斌,屈克庆,等.考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析[J].电网技术,2018,42(5):1451-1457.LI Jixiang, ZHAO Jinbin, QU Keqing, et al. Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOC characteristics[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(5): 1451-1457.
[22] 魏亚龙,张辉,孙凯,等.基于虚拟功率的虚拟同步发电机预同步方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):124-129.WEI Yalong, ZHANG Hui, SUN Kai, et al. Pre- synchronization method of virtual synchronous generator using virtual power[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(12): 124-129.
[23] 曾正,邵伟华,刘清阳,等.并网逆变器数字锁相环的数学物理本质分析[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(4):808-816.ZENG Zheng, SHAO Weihua, LIU Qingyang, et al. Mathematical and physical fundaments of digital phase-locked loop for grid-connected inverters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(4): 808-816.
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