堰塞湖逐渐溃决洪水模拟及溃口变化影响分析
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摘要
堰塞湖溃决一般为逐渐溃方式,溃决洪水与溃口变化关系密切。基于MIKE11水动力学模型和谢任之逐渐溃经验公式,开展了雅鲁藏布江堰塞湖典型溃坝方案下的溃坝洪水复演工作。在此基础上,针对溃口演变形式及演变历时差异,探讨其对溃坝洪水的影响。研究表明:MIKE11模型及谢任之经验公式模拟结果相近,假定的2/3溃坝方案成果可作为溃坝洪水计算的安全阈值;溃口演变形式及历时均对溃坝洪水有一定影响,溃口线性变化下形成的洪峰较非线性变化增加约15.3%～19.5%;洪峰与溃口历时存在非线性关系,溃口历时越短,洪峰越大;溃口大小及演变历时受堰塞体土质影响较大。研究成果进一步加深了我们对堰塞湖溃坝洪水的认识,可为堰塞湖抗洪抢险决策提供技术参考。
Breaching of barrier dam is in the way of gradually breaching and the dam-break floods are closely related to the breach evolution. Based on the MIKE 11 DB model and Xie Renzhi's empirical formula, the dam-break flood simulation under the typical barrier dam breaking scheme of the Yarlung Zangbo River is carried out. On this basis, the influence of breach evolution form and breaching duration on the dam-break flood is discussed. The research shows that the simulation results of MIKE 11 DB model and Xie Renzhi's empirical formula are similar. The assumed 2/3 dam breaching scheme can be used as the safety threshold for dam-breaking flood calculation. The breaching evolution form and duration have a certain influence on the dam-break flood, and the flood peak of linear breaching is 15.3%-19.5% larger than that under non-linear breaching. The shorter the breaching duration is, the larger the flood peak is, and there is a nonlinear relationship between them. The size and duration of breaching are greatly affected by the earth quality of dam-body. This study further deepens the understanding of the dam-breaking flood of the barrier lakes, and can provide technical reference for the flood control and rescue decision of the barrier dam breaching.
Breaching of barrier dam is in the way of gradually breaching and the dam-break floods are closely related to the breach evolution. Based on the MIKE 11 DB model and Xie Renzhi's empirical formula, the dam-break flood simulation under the typical barrier dam breaking scheme of the Yarlung Zangbo River is carried out. On this basis, the influence of breach evolution form and breaching duration on the dam-break flood is discussed. The research shows that the simulation results of MIKE 11 DB model and Xie Renzhi's empirical formula are similar. The assumed 2/3 dam breaching scheme can be used as the safety threshold for dam-breaking flood calculation. The breaching evolution form and duration have a certain influence on the dam-break flood, and the flood peak of linear breaching is 15.3%-19.5% larger than that under non-linear breaching. The shorter the breaching duration is, the larger the flood peak is, and there is a nonlinear relationship between them. The size and duration of breaching are greatly affected by the earth quality of dam-body. This study further deepens the understanding of the dam-breaking flood of the barrier lakes, and can provide technical reference for the flood control and rescue decision of the barrier dam breaching.
引文
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[2] 张建国,王乘,徐学军.唐家山堰塞湖溃口流量数值模拟[J].人民长江,2009,40(22):60-62.
[3] 郭非凡.堤坝溃口演化过程数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2015.
[4] 徐照明,王永忠,宁磊.对唐家山堰塞湖溃坝洪水计算的主要认识[J].人民长江,2008,39(22):86-88.
[5] 谢任之.溃坝水力学[M].山东科学技术出版社,1993.
[6] 戴荣尧,王群.溃坝最大流量的研究[J].水利学报,1983(2):15-23.
[7] 黄毅,颜梦宇.土石坝逐渐溃溃口流量过程简便计算方法[J].黑龙江水利,2016,2(7):13-17.
[8] 谢任之.溃坝坝址流量计算[J].水利水运工程学报,1982(1):46-61.
[9] 谢任之.平底无阻力河床溃坝波的瞬间全溃解[J].水利学报,1984(2):51-58.
[10] 谢任之,骆桂海.平底有阻力河床的瞬间全溃渐近解[J].华南理工大学学报;自然科学版,1995(3):75-83.
[11] 周兴波,陈祖煜,陈淑婧,等.基于MIKE11的堰塞坝溃决过程数值模拟[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(6):23-27.
[12] George A C,Nair B T.Dam Break Analysis Using BOSS DAMBRK[J].Aquatic Procedia,2015,4:853-860.
[13] 陈淑婧.土石坝漫顶溃决机理模型及数值模拟方法研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2015.
[14] 李仟.梯级土石坝连溃数值模拟[D].郑州:郑州大学,2017.
[15] DHI.Water and Environment.MIKE 21 Scientific Documentation[Z].Denmark:DHI,2007.
[16] 廖鸿志.2018年10月“两江”堰塞湖应急处置工作回顾[J].中国防汛抗旱,2018,28(12):4-6.