干旱胁迫对夏玉米叶片光合特性及产量的影响
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摘要
为研究夏玉米干旱胁迫时生理响应机制,寻求适宜干旱胁迫调控指标。通过完全随机试验设计,研究不同生育阶段与干旱胁迫程度对夏玉米叶片光合特性与产量的影响。结果表明随干旱胁迫程度的增加,Pn与产量均呈降低趋势,且Pn与产量呈同步变化。对于光合速率大小的影响主要在干旱胁迫阶段,复水后叶片气体交换基本恢复正常;干旱胁迫时间段随着生育期的推进,作物产量影响较大,与适宜水分相比,产量降低幅度逐渐增大。长期持续受旱复水后其叶片气体交换无法完全恢复至正常水平;生育后期中旱更有利于夏玉米节水保产。全生育期干旱胁迫时,随干旱胁迫程度与时间的增加,夏玉米叶片气体交换能力、产量与耗水量基本均呈下降的趋势;避免全生育期干旱胁迫,最低应高于中旱。在河南豫中地区以节水高产为目的,适宜选择轻旱,各生育阶段缺水时至少保证土壤水分在田持(重量含水率)的50%以上。本研究为该地区夏玉米节水高产提供数据支撑。
In order to study the physiological response mechanism of summer maize under drought stress,the suitable index of drought stress regulation was sought. The effects of different growth stages and drought stress on leaves photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize were studied by a completely random experiment design. The results show that: Pn and yield decrease with the increase of drought stress,Pn and yield change synchronously; the photosynthetic rate are affected at the drought stress stage; after water rewetting,the gas exchange of leaves basically returns to normal; with the process of the growth period,the impact on crop yield becomes greater during the drought stress period; comparing with suitable water content,the yield decreases gradually; the gas exchange of leaves cannot be completely restored to normal level after prolonged drought; in the later stage of growth,middle drought is more beneficial for water-saving and yield of summer maize; during the whole growth period of drought stress,with the increase of drought stress degree and time,the gas exchange capacity of leaves,yield and water consumption of summer maize basically decrease; drought stress in whole growth period should be avoided and the minimum water amount should be higher than middle drought. In order to get the effect of high water-saving and yield,light drought is suitable for selection,and soil moisture(weight moisture content) should be at least 50% of the field holding capacity(weight moisture content) when water shortage occurs in each growth stage,in Yuzhong,Henan province. This study provides data support for water saving and high yield of summer maize in this regions.
In order to study the physiological response mechanism of summer maize under drought stress,the suitable index of drought stress regulation was sought. The effects of different growth stages and drought stress on leaves photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer maize were studied by a completely random experiment design. The results show that: Pn and yield decrease with the increase of drought stress,Pn and yield change synchronously; the photosynthetic rate are affected at the drought stress stage; after water rewetting,the gas exchange of leaves basically returns to normal; with the process of the growth period,the impact on crop yield becomes greater during the drought stress period; comparing with suitable water content,the yield decreases gradually; the gas exchange of leaves cannot be completely restored to normal level after prolonged drought; in the later stage of growth,middle drought is more beneficial for water-saving and yield of summer maize; during the whole growth period of drought stress,with the increase of drought stress degree and time,the gas exchange capacity of leaves,yield and water consumption of summer maize basically decrease; drought stress in whole growth period should be avoided and the minimum water amount should be higher than middle drought. In order to get the effect of high water-saving and yield,light drought is suitable for selection,and soil moisture(weight moisture content) should be at least 50% of the field holding capacity(weight moisture content) when water shortage occurs in each growth stage,in Yuzhong,Henan province. This study provides data support for water saving and high yield of summer maize in this regions.
引文
[1]陈鹏狮,纪瑞鹏,谢艳兵,等.东北春玉米不同发育期干旱胁迫对根系生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,(1):156-163.
[2] Jlang Y,Wang B,Xle B,et al. Analysis of Antioxidant Characteris-tics in Seedling Roots of Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)with Different Drought Tolerance under Simulated Drought Stress[J].Agricultural Basic Science and Technology,2016,17(2):245-250.
[3] Lu H,Xue J,Guo D. Efficacy of planting date adjustment as a culti-vation strategy to cope with drought stress and increase rainfed maizeyield and water-use efficiency[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2017,179:227-235.
[4]闫旖君,徐建新,肖恒. 2021-2050年河南省夏玉米净灌溉需水量对气候变化的响应[J].气候变化研究进展,2017,(2):138-148.
[5]刘小刚,符娜,李闯,等.河南省主粮作物需水量变化趋势与成因分析[J].农业机械学报,2015,(9):188-197.
[6]孟兆江,卞新民,刘安能,等.调亏灌溉对夏玉米光合生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,(3):182-186.
[7]王平,陈举林,王均华,等.灌水模式对夏玉米耗水特性和干物质积累及分配的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,(24):20-27.
[8]王伟.调亏灌溉对冬小麦和夏玉米生长和产量影响机制的试验研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2009.
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[10]杨文斌,郝仲勇,王凤新,等.不同灌水下限对温室茼蒿生长和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,(1):94-98.
[11]孙贯芳,屈忠义,杜斌,等.不同灌溉制度下河套灌区玉米膜下滴灌水热盐运移规律[J].农业工程学报,2017,(12):144-152.
[12]牛勇,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.灌水下限对甜瓜生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,(10):901-906.
[13]王京伟,牛文全,张明智,等.覆膜方式毛管密度和灌水下限对温室甜瓜生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,(15):117-125.
[14]邱新强,路振广,张玉顺,等.冬小麦生长性状及耗水特性对水分亏缺的响应[J].中国农村水利水电,2016,(9):115-120.
[15]张辉,张玉龙,虞娜,等.温室膜下滴灌灌水控制下限与番茄产量、水分利用效率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2006,(2):425-432.
[16]钱银飞,邱才飞,邵彩虹,等.不同生育期土壤水分亏缺对双季超级稻产量及其构成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,(3):13-19.
[17]任丽雯,王兴涛,丁文魁,等.不同发育阶段干旱胁迫对春玉米土壤温湿度及产量形成的影响[J].干旱气象,2016,(5):860-865.
[18]段爱旺,肖俊夫,张寄阳,等.控制交替沟灌中灌水控制下限对玉米叶片水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,1999,(6):766-771.
[19]王玉才,张恒嘉,邓浩亮.不同生育期调亏滴灌对菘蓝光合特性及品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,(9):1 847-1 855.
[20]赵青松,李萍萍,王纪章,等.不同灌水下限对黄瓜穴盘苗生长及生理指标的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,(6):31-35.
[21]王晓森,常晓,孟兆江,等.不同灌水下限与底肥施用对温室番茄光合特性、产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,(3):45-50.
[22]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,(9):2 902-2 909.
[23]方缘,张玉书,米娜,等.干旱胁迫及补水对玉米生长发育和产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2018,(1):89-97.
[24]张芳,潘国强,张玉顺,等.河南省水资源问题及节水型社会建设成效评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(3):62-65.
[25]张玉顺,路振广,王敏,等.河南省农田灌溉水有效利用系数测算分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(1):9-12.
[26]王柳,熊伟,温小乐,等.温度降水等气候因子变化对中国玉米产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,(21):138-146.
[27]郑洪建,董树亭.生态因素与玉米产量关系的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(3):315-319.
[28]李秀芬,赵慧颖,朱海霞,等.黑龙江省玉米气候生产力演变及其对气候变化的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,(8):2 561-2 570.
[29]冯国忠,王寅,焉莉,等.土壤类型和施氮量对连作春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,(2):444-455.
[30]李建明,潘铜华,王玲慧,等.水肥耦合对番茄光合、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,(10):82-90.
[31]李文娆,张岁岐,丁圣彦,等.干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿根系形态变化及与水分利用的关系[J].生态学报,2010,(19):5 140-5 150.
[32]张仁和,薛吉全,浦军,等.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期植株生长和光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2011,(3):521-528.
[33]陈玉梁,石有太,罗俊杰,等.干旱胁迫对彩色棉花农艺、品质性状和水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2013,(11):2 074-2 082.
[34]张海燕,段文学,解备涛,等.不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯内源激素的影响及其与块根产量的关系[J].作物学报,2018,(1):126-136.
[35]严美玲,李向东,林英杰,等.苗期干旱胁迫对不同抗旱花生品种生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2007,(1):113-119.
[36]徐建文,梅旭荣,居辉,等.黄淮海地区冬小麦关键生育期不同灌溉水平对产量影响的模拟[J].作物学报,2014,(8):1 485-1 492.
[37]李耕,高辉远,赵斌,等.灌浆期干旱胁迫对玉米叶片光系统活性的影响[J].作物学报,2009,(10):1 916-1 922.
[38]关义新,戴俊英,徐世昌,等.玉米花期干旱及复水对植株补偿生长及产量的影响[J].作物学报,1997,(6):740-745.
[39]谢小玉,马仲炼,白鹏,等.辣椒开花结果期对干旱胁迫的形态与生理响应[J].生态学报,2014,(13):3 797-3 805.
[40]林叶春,曾昭海,郭来春,等.裸燕麦不同生育时期对干旱胁迫后复水的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2012,(2):284-288.
[2] Jlang Y,Wang B,Xle B,et al. Analysis of Antioxidant Characteris-tics in Seedling Roots of Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)with Different Drought Tolerance under Simulated Drought Stress[J].Agricultural Basic Science and Technology,2016,17(2):245-250.
[3] Lu H,Xue J,Guo D. Efficacy of planting date adjustment as a culti-vation strategy to cope with drought stress and increase rainfed maizeyield and water-use efficiency[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2017,179:227-235.
[4]闫旖君,徐建新,肖恒. 2021-2050年河南省夏玉米净灌溉需水量对气候变化的响应[J].气候变化研究进展,2017,(2):138-148.
[5]刘小刚,符娜,李闯,等.河南省主粮作物需水量变化趋势与成因分析[J].农业机械学报,2015,(9):188-197.
[6]孟兆江,卞新民,刘安能,等.调亏灌溉对夏玉米光合生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,(3):182-186.
[7]王平,陈举林,王均华,等.灌水模式对夏玉米耗水特性和干物质积累及分配的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,(24):20-27.
[8]王伟.调亏灌溉对冬小麦和夏玉米生长和产量影响机制的试验研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[9]丁端锋.调亏灌溉对作物生长和产量影响机制的试验研究[D].西安:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[10]杨文斌,郝仲勇,王凤新,等.不同灌水下限对温室茼蒿生长和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,(1):94-98.
[11]孙贯芳,屈忠义,杜斌,等.不同灌溉制度下河套灌区玉米膜下滴灌水热盐运移规律[J].农业工程学报,2017,(12):144-152.
[12]牛勇,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.灌水下限对甜瓜生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,(10):901-906.
[13]王京伟,牛文全,张明智,等.覆膜方式毛管密度和灌水下限对温室甜瓜生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,(15):117-125.
[14]邱新强,路振广,张玉顺,等.冬小麦生长性状及耗水特性对水分亏缺的响应[J].中国农村水利水电,2016,(9):115-120.
[15]张辉,张玉龙,虞娜,等.温室膜下滴灌灌水控制下限与番茄产量、水分利用效率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2006,(2):425-432.
[16]钱银飞,邱才飞,邵彩虹,等.不同生育期土壤水分亏缺对双季超级稻产量及其构成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,(3):13-19.
[17]任丽雯,王兴涛,丁文魁,等.不同发育阶段干旱胁迫对春玉米土壤温湿度及产量形成的影响[J].干旱气象,2016,(5):860-865.
[18]段爱旺,肖俊夫,张寄阳,等.控制交替沟灌中灌水控制下限对玉米叶片水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,1999,(6):766-771.
[19]王玉才,张恒嘉,邓浩亮.不同生育期调亏滴灌对菘蓝光合特性及品质的影响[J].核农学报,2017,(9):1 847-1 855.
[20]赵青松,李萍萍,王纪章,等.不同灌水下限对黄瓜穴盘苗生长及生理指标的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,(6):31-35.
[21]王晓森,常晓,孟兆江,等.不同灌水下限与底肥施用对温室番茄光合特性、产量和品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,(3):45-50.
[22]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,(9):2 902-2 909.
[23]方缘,张玉书,米娜,等.干旱胁迫及补水对玉米生长发育和产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2018,(1):89-97.
[24]张芳,潘国强,张玉顺,等.河南省水资源问题及节水型社会建设成效评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2011,(3):62-65.
[25]张玉顺,路振广,王敏,等.河南省农田灌溉水有效利用系数测算分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,(1):9-12.
[26]王柳,熊伟,温小乐,等.温度降水等气候因子变化对中国玉米产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,(21):138-146.
[27]郑洪建,董树亭.生态因素与玉米产量关系的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(3):315-319.
[28]李秀芬,赵慧颖,朱海霞,等.黑龙江省玉米气候生产力演变及其对气候变化的响应[J].应用生态学报,2016,(8):2 561-2 570.
[29]冯国忠,王寅,焉莉,等.土壤类型和施氮量对连作春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,(2):444-455.
[30]李建明,潘铜华,王玲慧,等.水肥耦合对番茄光合、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,(10):82-90.
[31]李文娆,张岁岐,丁圣彦,等.干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿根系形态变化及与水分利用的关系[J].生态学报,2010,(19):5 140-5 150.
[32]张仁和,薛吉全,浦军,等.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期植株生长和光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2011,(3):521-528.
[33]陈玉梁,石有太,罗俊杰,等.干旱胁迫对彩色棉花农艺、品质性状和水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2013,(11):2 074-2 082.
[34]张海燕,段文学,解备涛,等.不同时期干旱胁迫对甘薯内源激素的影响及其与块根产量的关系[J].作物学报,2018,(1):126-136.
[35]严美玲,李向东,林英杰,等.苗期干旱胁迫对不同抗旱花生品种生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J].作物学报,2007,(1):113-119.
[36]徐建文,梅旭荣,居辉,等.黄淮海地区冬小麦关键生育期不同灌溉水平对产量影响的模拟[J].作物学报,2014,(8):1 485-1 492.
[37]李耕,高辉远,赵斌,等.灌浆期干旱胁迫对玉米叶片光系统活性的影响[J].作物学报,2009,(10):1 916-1 922.
[38]关义新,戴俊英,徐世昌,等.玉米花期干旱及复水对植株补偿生长及产量的影响[J].作物学报,1997,(6):740-745.
[39]谢小玉,马仲炼,白鹏,等.辣椒开花结果期对干旱胁迫的形态与生理响应[J].生态学报,2014,(13):3 797-3 805.
[40]林叶春,曾昭海,郭来春,等.裸燕麦不同生育时期对干旱胁迫后复水的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2012,(2):284-288.