武汉城市湖泊动态变化与汛期排渍影响分析
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摘要
城市湖泊具有生物栖息地、调蓄洪水和生产等功能,与人类活动和城市的持续发展息息相关。以武汉市环线为研究区,选取1999年航片、2009年Quick Bird数据和2016年GF-1卫星数据3期遥感数据,根据湖泊景观变化模型,构建了湖泊面积萎缩率、湖泊斑块分维数和湖泊破碎度3个指标,对47个主要湖泊的空间面积、湖泊形态以及破碎程度进行了系统分析。结果表明:(1) 1999～2016年武汉城市湖泊面积呈萎缩趋势,人为活动干扰较强,但有一定的遏制;(2)从二环线至外环线,武汉城市湖泊面积萎缩类型由建筑用地侵占向围湖成塘转变,与城市化进程中土地利用的转移状况相同;(3)湖泊萎缩区域与城区汛期渍水存在极强的相关性,渍水严重地区湖泊萎缩较显著。因此,做好城市湖泊的生态环境保护,树立人与自然和谐相处的理念,促进湖泊资源的可持续利用是未来的发展方向。
Urban lake has biological habitat, flood storage and production function, it is closely related with human activities and the city's sustainable development. In this study, selecting three periods of remote sensing data of 1999 aerial photograph, 2009 Quick Bird data and 2016 GF-1 data in Wuhan City, based on landscape change model of lake, we constructed the lake area shrinkage rate, the patch fractal dimension and fragmentation, to analysis the spatial area, morphology and fragmentation of 47 lakes in Wuhan City. The results show that(1)Wuhan urban lake area has a shrinking trend and a strong interference of human activities, at the same time there is a certain curb from 1999 to 2016.(2)From the second ring to the outer ring road, the reducing area occupied by the construction land becomes to pond, the same to the transfer of land use in the process of urbanization.(3)There is a strong correlation between lake shrinking and the waterlogging drainage in flood season. In area with serious waterlogging, the lake shrinking is more significant. Therefore, it is the future development direction to do well the ecological environment protection of urban lake, establish the concept of harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and promote the sustainable utilization of lake resource.
Urban lake has biological habitat, flood storage and production function, it is closely related with human activities and the city's sustainable development. In this study, selecting three periods of remote sensing data of 1999 aerial photograph, 2009 Quick Bird data and 2016 GF-1 data in Wuhan City, based on landscape change model of lake, we constructed the lake area shrinkage rate, the patch fractal dimension and fragmentation, to analysis the spatial area, morphology and fragmentation of 47 lakes in Wuhan City. The results show that(1)Wuhan urban lake area has a shrinking trend and a strong interference of human activities, at the same time there is a certain curb from 1999 to 2016.(2)From the second ring to the outer ring road, the reducing area occupied by the construction land becomes to pond, the same to the transfer of land use in the process of urbanization.(3)There is a strong correlation between lake shrinking and the waterlogging drainage in flood season. In area with serious waterlogging, the lake shrinking is more significant. Therefore, it is the future development direction to do well the ecological environment protection of urban lake, establish the concept of harmonious coexistence between human and nature, and promote the sustainable utilization of lake resource.
引文
[1]万玮,肖鹏峰,冯学智,等.近30年来青藏高原羌塘地区东南部湖泊变化遥感分析[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(6):874-881
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[16]甘义群,郭永龙.武汉东湖富营养化现状分析及治理对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(3):277-281
[17]张毅,邓宏兵.武汉市城市湖泊演化及开发利用初探[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,39(4):559-563
[18]曾忠平,裴韬,彭兰霞.武汉南湖湖区土地利用结构信息熵与湖泊形态变化分形分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(7):1 061-1 067
[19]陈海珍,石铁柱,邬国锋.武汉市湖泊景观动态遥感分析(1973~2013年)[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(4):745-754
[20]张梦珂,刘艳芳,安子豪,等.武汉城市化进程对湖泊景观格局的空间非平稳性影响分析[J].地理信息世界,2016,23(3):53-59
[21]张毅.湖北省湿地百年时空演化研究[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2009
[22]刘茂松,张明娟.景观生态学原理与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008
[23]Mark B,Michael L.Testing Predictions of Stream Landscape Theory for Fish Assemblages in Highly Fragmented Watersheds[J].Folia Zoologica,2010,59(3):231-239
[2]王凤珍,周志翔,郑忠明.武汉市典型城市湖泊湿地资源非使用价值评价[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3 261-3 269
[3]魏华,成水平,柴培宏,等.2009年秋季武汉大东湖北湖水系水生植物调查[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(3):401-408
[4]阮仁宗,夏双,陈远,等.1979~2006年洪泽湖西岸临淮镇附近湖泊变化研究[J].湿地科学,2012,10(3):344-349
[5]邓宏兵.江汉湖群演化与湖区可持续发展研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2004
[6]DU Y,XUE H,WU S,et al.Lake Area Changes in the Middle Yangtze Region of China over the 20th Century[J].Environmental Management,2011,92(4):1 248-1 255
[7]FANG J Y,RAO S,ZHAO S Q.Human-induced Long-term Changes in the Lakes of the Jianghan Plain,Central Yangtze[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2005,3(4):186-192
[8]黄浦江,刘艳芳,刘畅,等.基于RS与GIS的武汉城市湖泊演化研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1 588-1 593
[9]宁龙梅,王学雷,吴后建.武汉市湿地景观格局变化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(1):44-49
[10]曾忠平,卢新海.城市湖泊时空演变的遥感分析:以武汉市为例[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(5):648-654
[11]淡永利,王宏志,张欢,等.2000~2010年武汉市中心城区湖泊景观变化[J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1 311-1 317
[12]胡巍巍.淮河流域中游湿地景观动态变化研究[J].地理空间信息,2013,11(4):122-124
[13]YANG T,LIU Q S,CHAN L,et al.Magnetic Investigation of Heavy Metals Contamination in Urban Topsoils Around the East Lake,Wuhan,China[J].Geophysical Journal International,2007,171(2):603-612
[14]GAO J Q,ZHANG W H,XIONG Z T,et al.Phosphorus Removal from Water of Eutrophic Lake Donghu by Five Submerged Macrophytes[J].Desalination,2009,242(1):193-204
[15]周帆琦,沙茜,张维昊,等.武汉东湖和南湖沉积物中磷形态分布特征与相关分析[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):401-409
[16]甘义群,郭永龙.武汉东湖富营养化现状分析及治理对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(3):277-281
[17]张毅,邓宏兵.武汉市城市湖泊演化及开发利用初探[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,39(4):559-563
[18]曾忠平,裴韬,彭兰霞.武汉南湖湖区土地利用结构信息熵与湖泊形态变化分形分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(7):1 061-1 067
[19]陈海珍,石铁柱,邬国锋.武汉市湖泊景观动态遥感分析(1973~2013年)[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(4):745-754
[20]张梦珂,刘艳芳,安子豪,等.武汉城市化进程对湖泊景观格局的空间非平稳性影响分析[J].地理信息世界,2016,23(3):53-59
[21]张毅.湖北省湿地百年时空演化研究[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2009
[22]刘茂松,张明娟.景观生态学原理与方法[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008
[23]Mark B,Michael L.Testing Predictions of Stream Landscape Theory for Fish Assemblages in Highly Fragmented Watersheds[J].Folia Zoologica,2010,59(3):231-239
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