两种玛咖品种类型繁育种株农艺性状的差异性比较
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摘要
【目的】通过对红色玛咖、黄色玛咖两个品种类型农艺性状差异性对比,选择出农艺性状好,采收的籽粒品质高的玛咖,为新疆玛咖品种繁育提供理论依据。【方法】采用随机区组对比试验。【结果】黄色玛咖各个生育期比红色玛咖提前5~7 d,红色玛咖在基部叶片数、最大叶片长、株高、主薹高、薹数5项试验项上优于黄色玛咖,红色玛咖的冠径小于黄色玛咖约1 cm。红色玛咖的单株籽粒数大于黄色玛咖,单株籽粒重和千粒重均小于黄色品种。【结论】通过比较红色玛咖地上部分的各农艺性状都优于黄色玛咖。黄色玛咖生育期短。在所采收的玛咖种子籽粒性状方面,黄色玛咖种子的千粒重大于红色玛咖;单株籽粒数、单株籽粒重差异不显著。
【Objective】This study aims to compare differences in agronomic traits of two varieties of red and yellow maca and select strains with good agronomic traits and high quality for grain harvest in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the varieties breeding of maca in our region. 【Method 】Using randomized block contrast experiment.【Result】Each growth period of red maca was 5 to 7 days ahead of the yellow maca.Red maca was better than brown one in such five test items as basal leaf number,leaf length,plant height,main stem height and the number of sprouts. Crown diameter of red maca was about 1 cm smaller than that of yellow maca,but grain number per plant of red maca was more than that of yellow maca and kernel weight per plant and 1000- grain weight were fewer than those of yellow maca.【Conclusion】Through the comparison of maca aerial parts,red Maca agronomic character is superior to the yellow maca. Yellow maca has short growth period and big full bright color grains. In the aspect of maca seed characters,1000- grain weight of yellow maca is heavier than that of red maca; There is no significant difference in seed number and grain weight per plant.
【Objective】This study aims to compare differences in agronomic traits of two varieties of red and yellow maca and select strains with good agronomic traits and high quality for grain harvest in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the varieties breeding of maca in our region. 【Method 】Using randomized block contrast experiment.【Result】Each growth period of red maca was 5 to 7 days ahead of the yellow maca.Red maca was better than brown one in such five test items as basal leaf number,leaf length,plant height,main stem height and the number of sprouts. Crown diameter of red maca was about 1 cm smaller than that of yellow maca,but grain number per plant of red maca was more than that of yellow maca and kernel weight per plant and 1000- grain weight were fewer than those of yellow maca.【Conclusion】Through the comparison of maca aerial parts,red Maca agronomic character is superior to the yellow maca. Yellow maca has short growth period and big full bright color grains. In the aspect of maca seed characters,1000- grain weight of yellow maca is heavier than that of red maca; There is no significant difference in seed number and grain weight per plant.
引文
[1]余龙江,金文闻,吴元喜,等.玛咖的植物学及药理作用研究概况[J].天然产研究与开发,2002,14(5):71-74.YU long-jiang,JIN Wen-wen,WU Yuan-xi.(2002).A survey of botany and pharmacological effects on MACA[J].Natural Product Research and Development,14(5):71-74.(in Chinese)
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[3]冯颖,何钊,徐珑峰,等.云南栽培玛咖的营养成分分析与评价[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(5):696-700.FENG Ying,HE Zhao,XU Long-feng.(2009).Nutritive elements analysis and evaluation of maca(lepidium meyenii)cultivated in Yunnan[J].Forest Research,22(5):696-700.(in Chinese)
[4]余龙江,金文闻.玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉的营养成分及抗疲劳作用研究[J].食品科学,2004,25(1):164-166.YU Long-jiang,JIN Wen-wen.(2004).Study on the nutritional components and the anti-fatigue effects of dry powder of maca(lepidium meyenii)[J].Food Science and Technology,25(1):164-166.(in Chinese)
[5]田辉,樊柏林,孙凡中,等.玛咖细粉毒理安全性实验研究[J].实验动物科学,2007,24(3):6-11.TIAN Hui,FAN Bo-Lin,SUN Fan-zhong.(2007).A study on the Toxicity of maca powder in mice and rats[J].Laboratory Animal Science,24(3):6-11.(in Chinese)
[6]杨晶明,王竹,杨月欣.玛咖(Maca)干品营养成分分析与比较[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2007,19(3):201-205.YANG Jing-ming,WANG Zhu,YANG Yue-xin.(2007).Analysis and comparison of nutritional composition for dried maca[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,19(3):201-205.(in Chinese)
[7]余龙江,金文闻,李为,等.南美植物玛咖的研究进展[J].中草药,2003,34(2):7-9.YU Long-jiang,JIN Wen-wen,LI Wei.(2003).The research progress of South American plants MACA[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,34(2):7-9.(in Chinese)
[8]张永忠,余龙江,金文闻,等.玛咖多糖抗氧化保健作用研究[J].食品科技,2005,35(8):97-99.ZHANG Yong-zhong,YU Long-jiang,JING Wen-wen.(2005).Study on antioxidative activity of polysaccharide from maca(lepidium meyenii walp.)in vitro[J].Food Science and Technology,35(8):97-99.(in Chinese)
[9]陈燕青,陈思浩,丁德润.玛咖多糖含量测定的研究[J].食品科技,2007,(2):231-233.CHEN Yan-qing,CHEN Si-Hao,DING De-run.(2007).Determination of polysaccharide in maca[J].Food Science and Technology,(2):231-233.(in Chinese)
[10]余龙江,孙友平,程华,等.玛咖在中国的独行菜属中的定位[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1 901-1 905.YU Long-jiang,SUN You-ping,CHENG Hua.(2004).Taxonomic position of maca in Lepidium in China[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin,24(10):1,901-1,905.(in Chinese)
[11]耿树香,邵华,王群.云南玛咖种子、块根愈伤组织的诱导培养[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2010,34(3):5-9.GENG Shu-xiang,SHAO Hua,WANG Qun.(2010).Study on callus induction culture of lepidium meyenii seeds and roots[J].Amino Acids&Biotic Resources,34(3):5-9.(in Chinese)
[12]高珊,童英,熊晓燕,等.玛咖与西洋参缓解体力疲劳作用对比试验研究[J].实验动物科学与管理,2006,23(4):4-6.GAO Shan,TONG Ying,XIONG Xiao-yan.(2006).Experimentally Comparative Study of maca and American Ginseng for Relieving Physical Fatigue[J].Laboratory Animal Science and Management,23(4):4-6.(in Chinese)
[13]金文闻,王晴芳,李硕,等.新疆产玛咖的挥发油成分研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(12):241-245.JIN Wen-wen,WANG Qing-fang,LI Shuo.(2009).GCMS Analysis of Chemical Components of Essential Oil from Lepidium meyenii Grown in Xinjiang Area[J].Food Science,30(12):241-245.(in Chinese)
[14]王竹,杨晶明,王国栋,等.玛咖独行菜对卵巢切除术后大鼠血脂及骨质代谢的影响[J].卫生研究,2009,38(4):420-425.WANG Zhu,YANG Jing-ming,WANG Guo-dong.(2009).Influence of LEpidium meyemii walp on lipid bone mass in ovariectomized[J].Journal of Hygiene Research,38(4):420-425.(in Chinese)
[15]Chen,Y.,Wang,J.,&Huang,C.(2003).Cryopreservation by vitrification of carrot(daucus carota l.)suspension cells and protoplasts.Cryo Letters,24(24):57-64.
[16]Janssens J.(1986).In vitro propagation of sundew Drosera regia Stephens.Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent(Belgium),51:61-66.
[17]Cheng Hua,Yu Longjiang,Hu Qiongyue.(2004).Micropropagation of Lepedium meyenii Walp.(Maca)by shoot culture.Agricultual science&Technology,5(4):18-22.
[2]余龙江,孙友平,程华,等.玛咖引种气候适宜区域的选择[J].生命科学研究,2004,8(3):250-255.YU Long-jiang,SUN You-ping,CHENG Hua.(2004).Selection of proper areas for introducing the plantation of maca[J].Life Science Research,8(3):250-255.(in Chinese)
[3]冯颖,何钊,徐珑峰,等.云南栽培玛咖的营养成分分析与评价[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(5):696-700.FENG Ying,HE Zhao,XU Long-feng.(2009).Nutritive elements analysis and evaluation of maca(lepidium meyenii)cultivated in Yunnan[J].Forest Research,22(5):696-700.(in Chinese)
[4]余龙江,金文闻.玛咖(Lepidium meyenii.)干粉的营养成分及抗疲劳作用研究[J].食品科学,2004,25(1):164-166.YU Long-jiang,JIN Wen-wen.(2004).Study on the nutritional components and the anti-fatigue effects of dry powder of maca(lepidium meyenii)[J].Food Science and Technology,25(1):164-166.(in Chinese)
[5]田辉,樊柏林,孙凡中,等.玛咖细粉毒理安全性实验研究[J].实验动物科学,2007,24(3):6-11.TIAN Hui,FAN Bo-Lin,SUN Fan-zhong.(2007).A study on the Toxicity of maca powder in mice and rats[J].Laboratory Animal Science,24(3):6-11.(in Chinese)
[6]杨晶明,王竹,杨月欣.玛咖(Maca)干品营养成分分析与比较[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2007,19(3):201-205.YANG Jing-ming,WANG Zhu,YANG Yue-xin.(2007).Analysis and comparison of nutritional composition for dried maca[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,19(3):201-205.(in Chinese)
[7]余龙江,金文闻,李为,等.南美植物玛咖的研究进展[J].中草药,2003,34(2):7-9.YU Long-jiang,JIN Wen-wen,LI Wei.(2003).The research progress of South American plants MACA[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,34(2):7-9.(in Chinese)
[8]张永忠,余龙江,金文闻,等.玛咖多糖抗氧化保健作用研究[J].食品科技,2005,35(8):97-99.ZHANG Yong-zhong,YU Long-jiang,JING Wen-wen.(2005).Study on antioxidative activity of polysaccharide from maca(lepidium meyenii walp.)in vitro[J].Food Science and Technology,35(8):97-99.(in Chinese)
[9]陈燕青,陈思浩,丁德润.玛咖多糖含量测定的研究[J].食品科技,2007,(2):231-233.CHEN Yan-qing,CHEN Si-Hao,DING De-run.(2007).Determination of polysaccharide in maca[J].Food Science and Technology,(2):231-233.(in Chinese)
[10]余龙江,孙友平,程华,等.玛咖在中国的独行菜属中的定位[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(10):1 901-1 905.YU Long-jiang,SUN You-ping,CHENG Hua.(2004).Taxonomic position of maca in Lepidium in China[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin,24(10):1,901-1,905.(in Chinese)
[11]耿树香,邵华,王群.云南玛咖种子、块根愈伤组织的诱导培养[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2010,34(3):5-9.GENG Shu-xiang,SHAO Hua,WANG Qun.(2010).Study on callus induction culture of lepidium meyenii seeds and roots[J].Amino Acids&Biotic Resources,34(3):5-9.(in Chinese)
[12]高珊,童英,熊晓燕,等.玛咖与西洋参缓解体力疲劳作用对比试验研究[J].实验动物科学与管理,2006,23(4):4-6.GAO Shan,TONG Ying,XIONG Xiao-yan.(2006).Experimentally Comparative Study of maca and American Ginseng for Relieving Physical Fatigue[J].Laboratory Animal Science and Management,23(4):4-6.(in Chinese)
[13]金文闻,王晴芳,李硕,等.新疆产玛咖的挥发油成分研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(12):241-245.JIN Wen-wen,WANG Qing-fang,LI Shuo.(2009).GCMS Analysis of Chemical Components of Essential Oil from Lepidium meyenii Grown in Xinjiang Area[J].Food Science,30(12):241-245.(in Chinese)
[14]王竹,杨晶明,王国栋,等.玛咖独行菜对卵巢切除术后大鼠血脂及骨质代谢的影响[J].卫生研究,2009,38(4):420-425.WANG Zhu,YANG Jing-ming,WANG Guo-dong.(2009).Influence of LEpidium meyemii walp on lipid bone mass in ovariectomized[J].Journal of Hygiene Research,38(4):420-425.(in Chinese)
[15]Chen,Y.,Wang,J.,&Huang,C.(2003).Cryopreservation by vitrification of carrot(daucus carota l.)suspension cells and protoplasts.Cryo Letters,24(24):57-64.
[16]Janssens J.(1986).In vitro propagation of sundew Drosera regia Stephens.Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent(Belgium),51:61-66.
[17]Cheng Hua,Yu Longjiang,Hu Qiongyue.(2004).Micropropagation of Lepedium meyenii Walp.(Maca)by shoot culture.Agricultual science&Technology,5(4):18-22.
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