浅埋煤层群采场周期来压顶板结构及支架载荷
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摘要
现场勘查发现,神府矿区浅埋煤层群间隔岩层厚度大多在15～45 m时,间隔岩层易存在单一关键层结构。文章通过现场实测得出了浅埋煤层群开采周期来压的基本特征:来压步距减小、强度增大、煤壁片帮严重,动载现象、台阶下沉现象和大、小周期来压现象明显。物理相似模拟实验揭示了间隔岩层关键层与上煤层已扰动关键层同步与非同步破断的大、小周期来压机理,发现了间隔岩层关键层与已扰动关键层共同形成的"梁-拱-壳"结构形态,给出了上煤层已扰动关键层结构形态的判别方法,得出了浅埋煤层群开采顶板周期破断可形成"台阶-台阶"、"砌体-台阶"、"砌体-砌体"的基本结构。综合建立了浅埋煤层群开采间隔岩层周期破断结构与力学模型,给出了支架受动静载荷作用的工作阻力计算方法,并得到了现场验证。
Field investigation shows that when the thickness of interval layers is always between 15-45 m in many shallow seam mining areas,the single key stratum structure is easily to be found.Taking the shallow-buried coal seam group in Shenfu mining area as an example,the periodic weighting of coal seam group mining has some basic characteristics identified by field measurement: short roof weighting step,high strength,serious rib fall of coal wall,dynamic load,step sinking and large and small cycle pressure phenomenon.The physical analogue experiments reveal the movements and "beam-arch-shell"structure of key stratum behind the goaf and over the mining seam with the broken key stratum by up-seam mining,the differentiation method of the broken key stratum over goaf,and the three basic roof structures of shallow buried coal seam with periodic breaking including the upper and lower step rock beams,the upper masonry beam-the lower step rock beam and the upper masonry beam-the lower masonry beam.Based on the periodic fracture structure and mechanical model of interval rock formation in shallow coal seam mining,this paper provides the calculation method of working resistance of support under static and dynamic loads which has been successful used.The conclusions are helpful for the control of periodical roof pressure shallow coal seam mining.
Field investigation shows that when the thickness of interval layers is always between 15-45 m in many shallow seam mining areas,the single key stratum structure is easily to be found.Taking the shallow-buried coal seam group in Shenfu mining area as an example,the periodic weighting of coal seam group mining has some basic characteristics identified by field measurement: short roof weighting step,high strength,serious rib fall of coal wall,dynamic load,step sinking and large and small cycle pressure phenomenon.The physical analogue experiments reveal the movements and "beam-arch-shell"structure of key stratum behind the goaf and over the mining seam with the broken key stratum by up-seam mining,the differentiation method of the broken key stratum over goaf,and the three basic roof structures of shallow buried coal seam with periodic breaking including the upper and lower step rock beams,the upper masonry beam-the lower step rock beam and the upper masonry beam-the lower masonry beam.Based on the periodic fracture structure and mechanical model of interval rock formation in shallow coal seam mining,this paper provides the calculation method of working resistance of support under static and dynamic loads which has been successful used.The conclusions are helpful for the control of periodical roof pressure shallow coal seam mining.
引文
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[9]杨敬轩,刘长友,杨宇,等.浅埋近距离煤层房柱采空区下顶板承载及房柱尺寸[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):161-168.YANG Jingting,LIU Changyou,YANG Yu,et al. Study of the bearing mechanism of the coal roof and the dimension selection of the room and pillar[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):161-168.
[10]谷拴成,陈盼.采空区下煤层开采矿压显现规律实测研究[J].煤炭工程,2013,45(9):64-67.GU Shuancheng,CHEN Pan.Experimental study on strata behavior of coal seam under mined out area[J]. Coal Engineering,2013,45(9):64-67.
[11]黄庆享,贺雁鹏,周海丰.榆家梁煤矿多煤层开采矿压显现规律研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(1):21-25.HUANG Qingxiang,HE Yanpeng,ZHOU Haifeng. Roof pressure of multiple coal seams mining in Yujialiang mine[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(1):21-25.
[12]黄克军,黄庆享,赵萌烨,等.浅埋大采高煤层群开采覆岩结构及矿压特征分析[J].煤炭工程,2017,49(4):70-73.HUANG Kejun,HUANG Qingxiang,ZHAO Mengye,et al. analysis at roof caving feature and strata pressure in large height mining of shallow buried seam[J].Coal Engineering,2017,49(4):70-73.
[13]黄克军.神南矿区浅埋煤层群采场顶板结构与岩层控制研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2017.HUANG Kejun.Study on overburden structure and strata control in shen-nan coal mining group in the shallow coal seam[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017.
[2]黄庆享,钱鸣高,石平五.浅埋煤层采场老顶周期来压的结构分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(6):581-585.HUANG Qingxiang,QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu. Structural analysis of main roof stability during periodic weighting in long wall face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(6):581-585.
[3]黄庆享.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板结构及岩层控制研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[4]黄庆享,刘文岗,田银素.近浅埋煤层大采高矿压显现规律实测研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,20(3):58-59.HUANG Qingxiang,LIU Wengang,TIAN Yinsu. Observation on the law of strata behavior in shallow seam and high mining height face[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2003,20(3):58-59.
[5]黄庆享,周金龙.浅埋煤层大采高工作面矿压规律及顶板结构研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):279-286.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHOU Jinlong.Roof weighting behavior and roof structure of large mining height longwall face in shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):279-286.
[6]许家林,朱卫兵,王晓振,等.浅埋煤层覆岩关键层结构分类[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(7):866-870.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,WANG Xiaozhen,et al. Classification of key strata structure of overlying strata in shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(7):866-870.
[7]刘长友,李红涛,张广文,等.大采高开采覆岩台阶错动演化规律及突水防治[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):357-365.LIU Changyou,LI Hongtao,ZHANG Guangwen,et al.Evolution laws of step overlying-strata under large mining height and water inrush prevention[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):357-365.
[8]刘长友,杨敬轩,于斌,等.多采空下坚硬厚层破断顶板群结构的失稳规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):395-403.LIU Changyou,YANG Jingxuan,YU Bin,et al. Destabilization regularity of hard thick roof group under the multi gob[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(3):395-403.
[9]杨敬轩,刘长友,杨宇,等.浅埋近距离煤层房柱采空区下顶板承载及房柱尺寸[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):161-168.YANG Jingting,LIU Changyou,YANG Yu,et al. Study of the bearing mechanism of the coal roof and the dimension selection of the room and pillar[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):161-168.
[10]谷拴成,陈盼.采空区下煤层开采矿压显现规律实测研究[J].煤炭工程,2013,45(9):64-67.GU Shuancheng,CHEN Pan.Experimental study on strata behavior of coal seam under mined out area[J]. Coal Engineering,2013,45(9):64-67.
[11]黄庆享,贺雁鹏,周海丰.榆家梁煤矿多煤层开采矿压显现规律研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(1):21-25.HUANG Qingxiang,HE Yanpeng,ZHOU Haifeng. Roof pressure of multiple coal seams mining in Yujialiang mine[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017,37(1):21-25.
[12]黄克军,黄庆享,赵萌烨,等.浅埋大采高煤层群开采覆岩结构及矿压特征分析[J].煤炭工程,2017,49(4):70-73.HUANG Kejun,HUANG Qingxiang,ZHAO Mengye,et al. analysis at roof caving feature and strata pressure in large height mining of shallow buried seam[J].Coal Engineering,2017,49(4):70-73.
[13]黄克军.神南矿区浅埋煤层群采场顶板结构与岩层控制研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2017.HUANG Kejun.Study on overburden structure and strata control in shen-nan coal mining group in the shallow coal seam[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2017.
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