基于浆液流变参数时变性的超细水泥风氧化带注浆加固技术
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摘要
以顾北煤矿13116工作面风氧化带回采为工程背景,在分析煤层赋存条件和基岩风氧化带特征的基础上,测定了超细水泥浆液的时变性流变参数和风氧化带顶板岩层的渗透特性参数,建立了针对顾北矿风氧化带顶板岩层渗透特性的基于浆液流变参数时变性的浆液扩散方程,进行了注浆工程设计。研究结果表明:水灰比0.6的超细水泥浆液是典型的流变参数时变性幂律型浆液,在可泵期内有较好的流变性,其流变参数可以通过高分散性纳米SiO2和聚羧酸减水剂来调控。对风氧化带注浆,必须在综合考虑岩体的有效渗透率Ke,孔隙率φ和浆液的时变性流变参数c0,k和n的基础上,合理地设计注浆压力和浆液扩散时间,才可以实现浆液在被注煤岩体中的高效扩散,切不可过度增加注浆扩散时间。
With the recovery of the wind oxidation zone in 13116 working face of Gubei coal mine as the engineering background, the occurrence condition of coal seam and the bedrock wind oxidization zone characteristics were analyzed. On this basis, the time-varying rheological parameters of superfine cement slurry and the permeability characteristic parameters of roof strata in wind oxidation zone were measured; then a grout diffusion equation was established with the parameters obtained previously for the permeability characteristics of roof strata in the wind oxidation zone of Gubei coal mine. The results indicate that superfine cement slurry whose water-cement ratio is 0.6 is a typical power-law slurry consistent with time-varying rheological parameters. It has better rheological properties during pumpable period and its rheological parameters can be controlled by highly dispersive nano-SiO_2 and polycarboxylate superplasticizer. For grouting in wind oxidization zone, comprehensive consideration must be given to effective permeability Ke, porosity φ and time-varying rheological parameters c0, k and n. To realize effective diffusion of grouting in coal and rock mass, grouting pressure and diffusion time must be reasonably designed rather than excessively increased.
With the recovery of the wind oxidation zone in 13116 working face of Gubei coal mine as the engineering background, the occurrence condition of coal seam and the bedrock wind oxidization zone characteristics were analyzed. On this basis, the time-varying rheological parameters of superfine cement slurry and the permeability characteristic parameters of roof strata in wind oxidation zone were measured; then a grout diffusion equation was established with the parameters obtained previously for the permeability characteristics of roof strata in the wind oxidation zone of Gubei coal mine. The results indicate that superfine cement slurry whose water-cement ratio is 0.6 is a typical power-law slurry consistent with time-varying rheological parameters. It has better rheological properties during pumpable period and its rheological parameters can be controlled by highly dispersive nano-SiO_2 and polycarboxylate superplasticizer. For grouting in wind oxidization zone, comprehensive consideration must be given to effective permeability Ke, porosity φ and time-varying rheological parameters c0, k and n. To realize effective diffusion of grouting in coal and rock mass, grouting pressure and diffusion time must be reasonably designed rather than excessively increased.
引文
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[14]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T50123-1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
[15]尹超宇,冯光明,丁玉,等.超高水材料单浆流变特性研究[J].金属矿山,2017(6):41-46.YIN Chaoyu,FENG Guangming,DING Yu,et al.Research on rheological properties of the single superhigh-water material slurry[J].Metal Mine,2017(6):41-46.
[2]张华磊,涂敏,程桦,等.薄基岩采场覆岩破断机理及风氧化带整体注浆加固技术[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(8):2126-2132.ZHANG Hualei,TU Min,CHENG Hua,et a1.Breaking mechanism of overlying strata under thick unconsolidated layers and integrated grouting reinforcement technology for wind oxidation zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(8):2126-2132.
[3]彭可平,田多,师皓宇,等.综放工作面过风氧化带端面冒落机理研究与应用[J].华北科技学院学报,2013,10(1):52-55.PENG Keping,TIAN Duo,SHI Haoyu.Mechanism analysis of the end face roof collapse on mechanized mining face via wind oxidization zone[J].Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2013,10(1):52-55.
[4]张凯.风氧化带整体注浆加固后覆岩矿压规律研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2016.
[5]马朝峰.综放工作面过风氧化带顶底板注浆加固数值模拟研究[J].山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2016,29(1):22-24.MA Chao feng.Numerical simulation on grouting reinforcement of top and bottom of overwind oxidized zone in fully mechanized mining face[J].Journal of Shanxi Coal-Mining Administrators College,2016,29(1):22-24.
[6]杨海龙,石来阳.综放工作面过风氧化带围岩控制技术[J].华北科技学院学报,2014,11(1):33-36.YANG Hailong,SHI Laiyang.Study on surrounding rock control technology in fully mechanized mining face via wind oxidation zone[J].Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2014,11(1):33-36.
[7]田多,师皓宇.高压密封注浆试验系统的研制与应用[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(10):111-113.TIAN Duo,SHI Haoyu.Development and application of high pressure sealing grouting experimental system[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(10):111-113.
[8]阮文军.基于浆液黏度时变性的岩体裂隙注浆扩散模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2709-2714.RUAN Wenjun.Spreading model of grouting in rock mass fissures based on time-dependent behavior of viscosity of cement-based grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2709-2714.
[9]李术才,刘人太,张庆松,等.基于黏度时变性的水泥-玻璃浆液扩散机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(12):2415-2421.LI Shucai,LIU Rentai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Research on C-S slurry diffusion mechanism with time-dependent behavior of viscosity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(12):2415-2421.
[10]卢爽.磨细矿物掺合料对水泥基灌浆材料流变性能的影响[D].哈尔滨市:哈尔滨工业大学,2006.
[11]LEE I M,LEE J S,NAM S W.Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stability reinforced with multi-step pipe grouting[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(6):551-565.
[12]阮文军.注浆扩散与浆液若干基本性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):69-73.RUAN Wenjun.Research on diffusion of grouting and basic properties of grouts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1):69-73.
[13]杨志全,牛向东,侯克鹏,等.流变参数时变性幂律型水泥浆液的柱形渗透注浆机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(7):1415-1425.YANG Zhiquan,NIU Xiangdong,HOU Kepeng,et al.Columnar diffusion of cement grout with time dependent rheological parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(7):1415-1425.
[14]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T50123-1999土工试验方法标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
[15]尹超宇,冯光明,丁玉,等.超高水材料单浆流变特性研究[J].金属矿山,2017(6):41-46.YIN Chaoyu,FENG Guangming,DING Yu,et al.Research on rheological properties of the single superhigh-water material slurry[J].Metal Mine,2017(6):41-46.