6个库尔勒香梨品种果实矿质元素与品质的相关性和通径分析
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摘要
应用相关性分析和通径分析的方法分析6个库尔勒香梨品种果实矿质营养元素和品质指标之间的相关性和通径系数,筛选影响果实品质指标的主要矿质元素因子,为合理施肥及果实提质增效提供理论依据。结果表明,不同梨品种的果实品质和矿质元素含量存在一定程度的差异,果实品质中石细胞含量变异系数较大,可溶性固形物含量变异系数较小;果实矿质元素中P含量变异系数较大,Mg含量变异系数较小。相关性分析表明,部分果实品质指标与部分矿质元素含量之间存在一定的相关性。通径分析进一步明确了Ca对单果质量、果实硬度和可溶性固形物具有最大的正直接作用,N对可溶性糖、可滴定酸和VC具有最大的正直接作用,P对糖酸比和石细胞具有最大的正直接作用;Cu对果实硬度、可溶性固形物和石细胞具有最大的负直接作用,Fe对可滴定酸和VC具有最大的负直接作用,Zn对可溶性糖具有最大的负直接作用,N对单果质量和糖酸比具有最大的负直接作用。生产中要合理调控各种矿质元素的施肥配比,从而实现梨果的优质生产。
In order to screen out the major mineral elements that affect fruit quality for the purpose of providing a theoretical basis for rational fertilization to improve fruit quality and economic benefits in pear orchards, the correlation and path coefficients between mineral elements and fruit quality indicators in six Korla fragrant pear varieties were computed by using correlation and path analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in fruit quality traits and mineral elements contents between the varieties. The coefficient of variation(CV) of stone cell content was larger than that of other quality indices, while the CV of soluble solid content was smaller. The CV of P content was larger than that of other mineral elements, and the CV of Mg content was smaller. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a simple correlation between some fruit quality traits and some mineral elements. Path analysis further demonstrated that Ca had the maximum positive direct effects on single fruit mass, firmness and soluble solid content, N showed the maximum positive direct effects on soluble sugar, titratable acid and vitamin C content, P had the maximum positive direct effects on the ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid and stone cell content. On the other hand, Cu had the maximum negative direct effects on fruit firmness,soluble solid and stone cell content, Fe had the maximum negative direct effects on titratable acid and vitamin C content, Zn had the maximum negative direct effects on soluble sugar content, and N had the maximum negative direct effects on single fruit mass and the ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid. Reasonable proportions of various mineral nutrient elements in fertilizers are required for better production of pear.
In order to screen out the major mineral elements that affect fruit quality for the purpose of providing a theoretical basis for rational fertilization to improve fruit quality and economic benefits in pear orchards, the correlation and path coefficients between mineral elements and fruit quality indicators in six Korla fragrant pear varieties were computed by using correlation and path analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in fruit quality traits and mineral elements contents between the varieties. The coefficient of variation(CV) of stone cell content was larger than that of other quality indices, while the CV of soluble solid content was smaller. The CV of P content was larger than that of other mineral elements, and the CV of Mg content was smaller. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a simple correlation between some fruit quality traits and some mineral elements. Path analysis further demonstrated that Ca had the maximum positive direct effects on single fruit mass, firmness and soluble solid content, N showed the maximum positive direct effects on soluble sugar, titratable acid and vitamin C content, P had the maximum positive direct effects on the ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid and stone cell content. On the other hand, Cu had the maximum negative direct effects on fruit firmness,soluble solid and stone cell content, Fe had the maximum negative direct effects on titratable acid and vitamin C content, Zn had the maximum negative direct effects on soluble sugar content, and N had the maximum negative direct effects on single fruit mass and the ratio of soluble sugar to titratable acid. Reasonable proportions of various mineral nutrient elements in fertilizers are required for better production of pear.
引文
[1]于强.2016年库尔勒香梨产销情况报告[EB/OL].2017-01-09[2018-03-06].http://www.xjxnw.gov.cn/c/2017-01-09/1094156.shtml.
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[5]位杰,蒋媛,林彩霞.梨新品种‘新梨10号’的选育[J].果树学报,2017,34(5):639-642.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20160410.
[6]匡立学,聂继云,李志霞,等.辽宁和陕西富士苹果若干微量元素的比较与分析[J].保鲜与加工,2014,6(5):53-56.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2014.05.010.
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[8]FALLAHI E,CONWAY W S,HICKEY K D.The role of calcium and nitrogen in post harvest quality and disease resistance of apples[J].Hortscience,1997,32(5):831-835.
[9]SIDDIQUE M,SIDDIQUE M T,ALI S.Macronutrient assessment in apple growing region of Punjab[J].Soil&Environment,2009,28(2):184-192.
[10]郝国伟,白牡丹,高鹏,等.氮磷钾肥对玉露香梨果实矿质元素含量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(1):60-62;66.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2017.01.16.
[11]MIQUELOTO A,AMARANTE C V,STEFFENS C A,et al.Relationship between xylem functionality,calcium content and the incidence of bitter pit in apple fruit[J].Scientia Hortculturae,2014,165:319-323.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2013.11.029.
[12]JAN I,RAB A,SAJID M.Influence of calcium choloride on physical characteristics and soft rot incidence on fruit of apple cultivars[J].The Journal of Animal&Plant Science,2013,23(5):1353-1359.
[13]杨莹莹,王冬艳.土壤微量元素与苹果梨品质相关研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(1):45-52.DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2016.2796.
[14]WOJCIK P,WOJCIK M.Effects of boron fertilization on‘Conference’pear tree vigor,nutrition,and fruit yield and storability[J].Plant and Soil,2003,256(2):413-421.
[15]REED B M,WADA S,DENOMA J,et al.Mineral nutrition influences physiological responses of pear in vitro[J].In Vitro Cellular&Developmental Biology-Plant,2013,49(6):699-709.DOI:10.1007/s11627-013-9556-2.
[16]黄丽萍,张倩茹,尹蓉,等.矿质营养元素与果树生长发育的关系[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(4):601-602;607.DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.04.001.
[17]朱海峰,马建江,刘艳,等.不同产量库尔勒香梨叶片矿质元素含量年动态变化研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(3):452-459.DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.03.009.
[18]姜喜,马宝蕴,陈加利,等.香梨生长季果实和叶片矿质元素含量的变化[J].北方园艺,2013(12):15-18.
[19]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.不同有机物料对库尔勒香梨果实矿质元素含量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(4):82-85.
[20]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.氮、磷、钾对库尔勒香梨果实中矿质元素含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(3):83-86.DOI:10.11838/sfsc.20130316.
[21]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.不同氮磷钾施肥配比对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2013,31(3):154-157.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2013.03.012.
[22]张峰,李世强,李疆,等.生长调节剂及与CaCl2混合处理对库尔勒香梨果实钙含量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(5):858-861.DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2015.05.012.
[23]赵晓梅,叶凯,吴玉鹏,等.采前喷钙对库尔勒香梨贮藏品质和矿质营养的影响[J].食品科技,2012,37(3):58-63.
[24]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:202-204.
[25]高俊凤.植物生理学实验技术[M].西安:世界图书出版社,2000:162-163.
[26]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:56-59.
[27]聂继云,李静,杨振锋,等.冷冻法测定梨的石细胞含量[J].果树学报,2006,23(1):133-135.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2006.01.032.
[28]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:263-279;352-353.
[29]柴仲平,王雪梅,孙霞,等.氮磷钾不同配比滴灌施肥对灰枣中矿质元素含量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2011(5):23-26.
[30]蔡艳荣,刘媛,李玲玲,等.原子吸收光谱法测定水果中10种元素含量及分布[J].卫生研究,2011,40(3):361-364.
[31]宋少华,刘勤,李曼,等.甜柿果实矿质元素与品质指标的相关性及通径分析[J].果树学报,2016,33(2):202-209.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150317.
[32]徐慧,陈欣欣,王永章,等.‘富士’苹果果实矿质元素与品质指标的相关性与通径分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(25):116-121.DOI:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1000.
[33]陈艳秋,曲柏宏,牛广才,等.苹果梨果实矿质元素含量及其品质效应的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2000,25(6):44-48.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8701.2000.06.012.
[34]汤婷婷.梨主栽品种果实品质分析与矿质营养平衡施肥研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2013:31.
[35]苏艳丽.‘天皇’梨树体、果实生长发育特性及矿质营养研究[D].株洲:中南林业科技大学,2007:25.
[2]位杰,马建江,陈久红,等.不同产地库尔勒香梨果实品质差异及综合评价[J].食品科学,2017,38(19):87-91.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201719015.
[3]刘建萍,阎春雨,程奇,等.早熟、优质、耐贮梨新品种新梨7号选育研究[J].果树学报,2002,19(1):36-38.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9980.2002.01.010.
[4]杨玉琼,刘艳,董延年.香梨-新梨9号[J].新疆农垦科技,2013(2):32-33.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-9980.2002.01.010.
[5]位杰,蒋媛,林彩霞.梨新品种‘新梨10号’的选育[J].果树学报,2017,34(5):639-642.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20160410.
[6]匡立学,聂继云,李志霞,等.辽宁和陕西富士苹果若干微量元素的比较与分析[J].保鲜与加工,2014,6(5):53-56.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2014.05.010.
[7]HUANG L P,ZHANG Q R,ZHANG Z,et al.Overview of relation between mineral nutrient elements and growth and development of fruit trees[J].Asian Agricultural Research,2017,9(10):75-76;81.DOI:10.19601/j.cnki.issn1943-9903.2017.10.017.
[8]FALLAHI E,CONWAY W S,HICKEY K D.The role of calcium and nitrogen in post harvest quality and disease resistance of apples[J].Hortscience,1997,32(5):831-835.
[9]SIDDIQUE M,SIDDIQUE M T,ALI S.Macronutrient assessment in apple growing region of Punjab[J].Soil&Environment,2009,28(2):184-192.
[10]郝国伟,白牡丹,高鹏,等.氮磷钾肥对玉露香梨果实矿质元素含量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(1):60-62;66.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2017.01.16.
[11]MIQUELOTO A,AMARANTE C V,STEFFENS C A,et al.Relationship between xylem functionality,calcium content and the incidence of bitter pit in apple fruit[J].Scientia Hortculturae,2014,165:319-323.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2013.11.029.
[12]JAN I,RAB A,SAJID M.Influence of calcium choloride on physical characteristics and soft rot incidence on fruit of apple cultivars[J].The Journal of Animal&Plant Science,2013,23(5):1353-1359.
[13]杨莹莹,王冬艳.土壤微量元素与苹果梨品质相关研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(1):45-52.DOI:10.13327/j.jjlau.2016.2796.
[14]WOJCIK P,WOJCIK M.Effects of boron fertilization on‘Conference’pear tree vigor,nutrition,and fruit yield and storability[J].Plant and Soil,2003,256(2):413-421.
[15]REED B M,WADA S,DENOMA J,et al.Mineral nutrition influences physiological responses of pear in vitro[J].In Vitro Cellular&Developmental Biology-Plant,2013,49(6):699-709.DOI:10.1007/s11627-013-9556-2.
[16]黄丽萍,张倩茹,尹蓉,等.矿质营养元素与果树生长发育的关系[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(4):601-602;607.DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.04.001.
[17]朱海峰,马建江,刘艳,等.不同产量库尔勒香梨叶片矿质元素含量年动态变化研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(3):452-459.DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.03.009.
[18]姜喜,马宝蕴,陈加利,等.香梨生长季果实和叶片矿质元素含量的变化[J].北方园艺,2013(12):15-18.
[19]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.不同有机物料对库尔勒香梨果实矿质元素含量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(4):82-85.
[20]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.氮、磷、钾对库尔勒香梨果实中矿质元素含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(3):83-86.DOI:10.11838/sfsc.20130316.
[21]柴仲平,王雪梅,陈波浪,等.不同氮磷钾施肥配比对库尔勒香梨果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2013,31(3):154-157.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2013.03.012.
[22]张峰,李世强,李疆,等.生长调节剂及与CaCl2混合处理对库尔勒香梨果实钙含量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(5):858-861.DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2015.05.012.
[23]赵晓梅,叶凯,吴玉鹏,等.采前喷钙对库尔勒香梨贮藏品质和矿质营养的影响[J].食品科技,2012,37(3):58-63.
[24]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:202-204.
[25]高俊凤.植物生理学实验技术[M].西安:世界图书出版社,2000:162-163.
[26]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:56-59.
[27]聂继云,李静,杨振锋,等.冷冻法测定梨的石细胞含量[J].果树学报,2006,23(1):133-135.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2006.01.032.
[28]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:263-279;352-353.
[29]柴仲平,王雪梅,孙霞,等.氮磷钾不同配比滴灌施肥对灰枣中矿质元素含量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2011(5):23-26.
[30]蔡艳荣,刘媛,李玲玲,等.原子吸收光谱法测定水果中10种元素含量及分布[J].卫生研究,2011,40(3):361-364.
[31]宋少华,刘勤,李曼,等.甜柿果实矿质元素与品质指标的相关性及通径分析[J].果树学报,2016,33(2):202-209.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20150317.
[32]徐慧,陈欣欣,王永章,等.‘富士’苹果果实矿质元素与品质指标的相关性与通径分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(25):116-121.DOI:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1000.
[33]陈艳秋,曲柏宏,牛广才,等.苹果梨果实矿质元素含量及其品质效应的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2000,25(6):44-48.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8701.2000.06.012.
[34]汤婷婷.梨主栽品种果实品质分析与矿质营养平衡施肥研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2013:31.
[35]苏艳丽.‘天皇’梨树体、果实生长发育特性及矿质营养研究[D].株洲:中南林业科技大学,2007:25.
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