递增负荷运动方案推算超重/肥胖青年男性FATmax有效性研究
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摘要
目的:验证递增负荷运动方案推算最大脂肪氧化强度(Maximal fat oxidation,FATmax)的有效性,为FATmax在运动实践中的应用提供方法学依据。方法:12名超重/肥胖(BMI≥24 kg/m~2)青年男性(年龄:20.6±1.2岁;身高:177.7±4.9 cm;体重:86.8±9.2 kg)在相同实验条件下先后完成两种运动方案测试:1)每2 min逐级递增负荷至力竭运动方案(ST);2)一组5个不同强度(30%O_(2max)、40%O_(2max)、50%O_(2max)、60%O_(2max)和70%O_(2max))恒定负荷运动方案(LT)。采用Cortex Metamax 3B气体代谢分析仪收集两种运动测试中气体代谢情况,计算不同运动强度下脂肪氧化率。以运动强度(O_2和HR)为横坐标,脂肪氧化率为纵坐标,做散点图并通过二项式拟合曲线法推算最大脂肪氧化率(Maximal fat oxidation rate,MFO),MFO对应的运动强度为最大脂肪氧化强度(FATmax)。两种运动测试间隔时间为2天,测试前一天不进行剧烈运动,测试当日不饮用酒精和含咖啡因饮料,测试前至少禁食2h,每名受试者两次测试安排在一天的同一时间进行,测试在温度和湿度相对恒定的实验室中进行。结果:两种运动测试方案推算获得的FATmax对应的摄氧量(FATmax-O_2)、最大摄氧量百分比(FATmax-%O_(2max))和心率(FATmax-HR)无显著性差异(P>0.05),且效应量较小(ES<0.2);Pearson相关分析显示,两种运动方案所获得的FATmax-O_2(r=0.62)、FATmaxHR(R=0.90)呈显著性相关(P<0.05,n=12);Bland-Altman散点图表明,两种测试结果具有较高的一致性。结论:每2 min逐级递增负荷运动和恒定负荷运动方案推算超重/肥胖青年男性FATmax结果,具有较高的一致性;每2 min逐级递增负荷运动方案适于推算超重/肥胖青年男性FATmax水平。
Objective: To verify the validity of maximal fat oxidation intensity(FATmax) by an incremental exercise protocol, and provide a methodological basis for the application of FATmax in sports practice. Methods: 12 overweight/obese(BMI≥ 24 kg/m~2)young men(age: 20.6 ± 1.2 years;height: 177.7 ± 4.9 cm; weight: 86.8 ± 9.2 kg) completed two exercise protocols under the same experimental condition: one was an incremental load exercise with every 2-min increase until exhaustion(ST), and another one was a set of different intensities(30% O_(2max), 40% O_(2max), 50%O_(2max), 60% O_(2max)and 70% O_(2max)) constant-load exercise(LT). During two exercise tests, the gas exchange were collected and analyzed by a Cortex Metamax 3 B gas analyzer. The fat oxidation rates were calculated at different intensities. The maximal fat oxidation rate(MFO) was estimated after smoothing the binomial curve plotting fat oxidation rates against exercise intensities(O_2 and HR).FATmax was exercise intensity corresponding to maximal fat oxidation rate(MFO). There were 2-days interval between the two exercise tests. The subjects were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise for24 h before test, and drinking alcohol or caffeinated beverages in experimental day. Each subject was fast at least 2 h before test and performed the two exercise protocols at the same time of a day. All tests conducted in a constant temperature and relative humidity laboratory. Results: No significant difference was found in FATmax corresponding to O_2(FATmax-O_2), maximal oxygen uptaken percentage(FATmax-% O_(2max)) and HR(FATmax-HR) between two exercise protocols(P>0.05). The effect sizes were small between two test results(ES<0.2). There were significant correlation in FATmax-O_2(r=0.62) and FATmax-HR(r=0.90) between two exercise protocols(P<0.05,n=12). The results of the two tests were shown be high consistency by Bland-Altman plots. Conclusion: The FATmax was estimated by an incremental exercise test with every 2-min increase and constant-load exercise protocols had high consistency; The incremental load exercise test was suitable for the estimation of FATmax in overweight/obese young men.
Objective: To verify the validity of maximal fat oxidation intensity(FATmax) by an incremental exercise protocol, and provide a methodological basis for the application of FATmax in sports practice. Methods: 12 overweight/obese(BMI≥ 24 kg/m~2)young men(age: 20.6 ± 1.2 years;height: 177.7 ± 4.9 cm; weight: 86.8 ± 9.2 kg) completed two exercise protocols under the same experimental condition: one was an incremental load exercise with every 2-min increase until exhaustion(ST), and another one was a set of different intensities(30% O_(2max), 40% O_(2max), 50%O_(2max), 60% O_(2max)and 70% O_(2max)) constant-load exercise(LT). During two exercise tests, the gas exchange were collected and analyzed by a Cortex Metamax 3 B gas analyzer. The fat oxidation rates were calculated at different intensities. The maximal fat oxidation rate(MFO) was estimated after smoothing the binomial curve plotting fat oxidation rates against exercise intensities(O_2 and HR).FATmax was exercise intensity corresponding to maximal fat oxidation rate(MFO). There were 2-days interval between the two exercise tests. The subjects were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise for24 h before test, and drinking alcohol or caffeinated beverages in experimental day. Each subject was fast at least 2 h before test and performed the two exercise protocols at the same time of a day. All tests conducted in a constant temperature and relative humidity laboratory. Results: No significant difference was found in FATmax corresponding to O_2(FATmax-O_2), maximal oxygen uptaken percentage(FATmax-% O_(2max)) and HR(FATmax-HR) between two exercise protocols(P>0.05). The effect sizes were small between two test results(ES<0.2). There were significant correlation in FATmax-O_2(r=0.62) and FATmax-HR(r=0.90) between two exercise protocols(P<0.05,n=12). The results of the two tests were shown be high consistency by Bland-Altman plots. Conclusion: The FATmax was estimated by an incremental exercise test with every 2-min increase and constant-load exercise protocols had high consistency; The incremental load exercise test was suitable for the estimation of FATmax in overweight/obese young men.
引文
[1]ACHTEN J,GLEESON M,JEUKENDRUP A E.Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2002,34(1):92-97.
[2]BAGGER M,PETERSEN P H,PEDERSEN P K.Biological variation in variables associated with exercise training[J].Int J Sports Med,2003,24(6):433-440.
[3]BEN O O,ELLOUMI M,AMRI M,et al.Impact of diet,exercise end diet combined with exercise programs on plasma lipoprotein and adiponectin levels in obese girls[J].J Sports Sci Med,2008,7(4):437-445.
[4]BLAND J M,ALTMAN D G.Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement[J].Lancet,1986,1(8476):307-310.
[5]CHENEVIERE X,BORRANI F,SANGSUE D,et al.Gender differences in whole-body fat oxidation kinetics during exercise[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2011,36(1):88-95.
[6]CHU L,RIDDELL M C,SCHNEIDERMAN J E,et al.The effect of puberty on fat oxidation rates during exercise in overweight and normal-weight girls[J].J Appl Physiol(1985),2014,116(1):76-82.
[7]COHEN J.Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences.Hillsdale,NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1998.
[8]CRISP N A,GUELFI K J,LICARI M K,et al.Does exercise duration affect Fatmax in overweight boys?[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2012,112(7):2557-2564.
[9]CROCI I,HICKMAN I J,WOOD R E,et al.Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities:fitness versus fatness[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2014,39(12):1352-1359.
[10]DANDANELL S,PRAEST C B,SONDERGARD S D,et al.Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation in individuals with obesity[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2017,42(4):405-412.
[11]DE SOUZA S R,CARLSOHN A,LANGEN G,et al.Reliability and day-to-day variability of peak fat oxidation during treadmill ergometry[J].J Int Soc Sports Nutr,2016,13:4.
[12]DEL C J,HAMOUTI N,ORTEGA J F,et al.Aerobic fitness determines whole-body fat oxidation rate during exercise in the heat[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2010,35(6):741-748.
[13]HAUFE S,ENGELI S,BUDZIAREK P,et al.Determinants of exercise-induced fat oxidation in obese women and men[J].Horm Metab Res,2010,42(3):215-221.
[14]IPAVEC-LEVASSEUR S,CROCI I,CHOQUETTE S,et al.Effect of 1-h moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on intramyocellular lipids in obese men before and after a lifestyle intervention[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2015,40(12):1262-1268.
[15]LANZI S,CODECASA F,CORNACCHIA M,et al.Fat oxidation,hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during a submaximal incremental test in lean and obese adults[J].PLo S One,2014,9(2):e88707.
[16]LANZI S,CODECASA F,CORNACCHIA M,et al.Short-term HIIT and Fat max training increase aerobic and metabolic fitness in men with class II and III obesity[J].Obesity(Silver Spring),2015,23(10):1987-1994.
[17]MEYER T,GASSLER N,KINDERMANN W.Determination of"Fatmax"with 1 h cycling protocols of constant load[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2007,32(2):249-256.
[18]SCHARHAG-ROSENBERGER F,MEYER T,WALITZEK S,et al.Effects of one year aerobic endurance training on resting metabolic rate and exercise fat oxidation in previously untrained men and women.Metabolic endurance training adaptations[J].Int J Sports Med,2010,31(7):498-504.
[19]STEPHENS B R,COLE A S,MAHON A D.The influence of biological maturation on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in males[J].Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab,2006,16(2):166-179.
[20]STOA E M,NYHUS L K,BORRESEN S C,et al.Day to day variability in fat oxidation and the effect after only 1 day of change in diet composition[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2016,41(4):397-404.
[21]TAN S,WANG J,CAO L.Exercise training at the intensity of maximal fat oxidation in obese boys[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2016,41(1):49-54.
[22]WOOD R E,HILLS A P,HUNTER G R,et al.V O2maxinoverweight and obese adults:do they meet the threshold criteria?[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(3):470-477.
[23]ZAKRZEWSKI J K,TOLFREY K.Acute effect of Fatmax exercise on the metabolism in overweight and nonoverweight girls[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2012,44(9):1698-1705.
[2]BAGGER M,PETERSEN P H,PEDERSEN P K.Biological variation in variables associated with exercise training[J].Int J Sports Med,2003,24(6):433-440.
[3]BEN O O,ELLOUMI M,AMRI M,et al.Impact of diet,exercise end diet combined with exercise programs on plasma lipoprotein and adiponectin levels in obese girls[J].J Sports Sci Med,2008,7(4):437-445.
[4]BLAND J M,ALTMAN D G.Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement[J].Lancet,1986,1(8476):307-310.
[5]CHENEVIERE X,BORRANI F,SANGSUE D,et al.Gender differences in whole-body fat oxidation kinetics during exercise[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2011,36(1):88-95.
[6]CHU L,RIDDELL M C,SCHNEIDERMAN J E,et al.The effect of puberty on fat oxidation rates during exercise in overweight and normal-weight girls[J].J Appl Physiol(1985),2014,116(1):76-82.
[7]COHEN J.Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences.Hillsdale,NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1998.
[8]CRISP N A,GUELFI K J,LICARI M K,et al.Does exercise duration affect Fatmax in overweight boys?[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,2012,112(7):2557-2564.
[9]CROCI I,HICKMAN I J,WOOD R E,et al.Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities:fitness versus fatness[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2014,39(12):1352-1359.
[10]DANDANELL S,PRAEST C B,SONDERGARD S D,et al.Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation in individuals with obesity[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2017,42(4):405-412.
[11]DE SOUZA S R,CARLSOHN A,LANGEN G,et al.Reliability and day-to-day variability of peak fat oxidation during treadmill ergometry[J].J Int Soc Sports Nutr,2016,13:4.
[12]DEL C J,HAMOUTI N,ORTEGA J F,et al.Aerobic fitness determines whole-body fat oxidation rate during exercise in the heat[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2010,35(6):741-748.
[13]HAUFE S,ENGELI S,BUDZIAREK P,et al.Determinants of exercise-induced fat oxidation in obese women and men[J].Horm Metab Res,2010,42(3):215-221.
[14]IPAVEC-LEVASSEUR S,CROCI I,CHOQUETTE S,et al.Effect of 1-h moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on intramyocellular lipids in obese men before and after a lifestyle intervention[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2015,40(12):1262-1268.
[15]LANZI S,CODECASA F,CORNACCHIA M,et al.Fat oxidation,hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during a submaximal incremental test in lean and obese adults[J].PLo S One,2014,9(2):e88707.
[16]LANZI S,CODECASA F,CORNACCHIA M,et al.Short-term HIIT and Fat max training increase aerobic and metabolic fitness in men with class II and III obesity[J].Obesity(Silver Spring),2015,23(10):1987-1994.
[17]MEYER T,GASSLER N,KINDERMANN W.Determination of"Fatmax"with 1 h cycling protocols of constant load[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2007,32(2):249-256.
[18]SCHARHAG-ROSENBERGER F,MEYER T,WALITZEK S,et al.Effects of one year aerobic endurance training on resting metabolic rate and exercise fat oxidation in previously untrained men and women.Metabolic endurance training adaptations[J].Int J Sports Med,2010,31(7):498-504.
[19]STEPHENS B R,COLE A S,MAHON A D.The influence of biological maturation on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in males[J].Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab,2006,16(2):166-179.
[20]STOA E M,NYHUS L K,BORRESEN S C,et al.Day to day variability in fat oxidation and the effect after only 1 day of change in diet composition[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2016,41(4):397-404.
[21]TAN S,WANG J,CAO L.Exercise training at the intensity of maximal fat oxidation in obese boys[J].Appl Physiol Nutr Metab,2016,41(1):49-54.
[22]WOOD R E,HILLS A P,HUNTER G R,et al.V O2maxinoverweight and obese adults:do they meet the threshold criteria?[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(3):470-477.
[23]ZAKRZEWSKI J K,TOLFREY K.Acute effect of Fatmax exercise on the metabolism in overweight and nonoverweight girls[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2012,44(9):1698-1705.