风化壳淋积型稀土矿一维柱浸过程的模拟（英文）
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摘要
通过杯浸试验确定浸矿的离子交换模型为Kerr模型,得到Kerr模型的选择系数为12.59×10~(-10)L~2/g~2;采用对流-弥散方程描述柱浸过程铵根离子和稀土离子的运移规律,通过Kerr模型确定对流-弥散方程中的源汇项,运用顺序非迭代法解具有强非线性的对流-弥散方程,模拟稀土离子在土柱中的运移过程。与室内一维柱浸试验稀土离子的穿透曲线进行比较,两者的相关系数达到0.8724,说明本方法可以较为准确地模拟风化壳淋积型稀土矿一维柱浸过程。分析硫酸铵溶液浓度对稀土浸取率的影响,结果发现,最优硫酸铵溶液浓度(C_(op)~(NS))与稀土品位(η)满足线性关系。
The ion exchange model of the leaching process was determined via batch leaching experiments using the Kerr model, with the selectivity coefficient experimentally determined to be 12.59×10~(-10) L~2/g~2. Solute transport laws of ammonium ions(NH_4~+) and rare earth ions(RE~(3+)) in column leaching were described by the convection-dispersion equation(CDE). The source and sink in the CDE were determined by the Kerr model. The CDE with strong nonlinearity was solved using the sequential non-iterative method. Compared with the breakthrough curve of RE~(3+), the correlation coefficient between the simulated and experimental curves reached 0.8724. Therefore, this method can simulate the one-dimensional column leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore. Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate((NH_4)_2SO_4) solution on the leaching rate of rare earth were analyzed. The optimal concentration of the(NH_4)_2SO_4 solution had a linear relationship with the rare earth grade.
The ion exchange model of the leaching process was determined via batch leaching experiments using the Kerr model, with the selectivity coefficient experimentally determined to be 12.59×10~(-10) L~2/g~2. Solute transport laws of ammonium ions(NH_4~+) and rare earth ions(RE~(3+)) in column leaching were described by the convection-dispersion equation(CDE). The source and sink in the CDE were determined by the Kerr model. The CDE with strong nonlinearity was solved using the sequential non-iterative method. Compared with the breakthrough curve of RE~(3+), the correlation coefficient between the simulated and experimental curves reached 0.8724. Therefore, this method can simulate the one-dimensional column leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore. Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate((NH_4)_2SO_4) solution on the leaching rate of rare earth were analyzed. The optimal concentration of the(NH_4)_2SO_4 solution had a linear relationship with the rare earth grade.
引文
[1]TANG Xun-zhong,LI Mao-nan.In-situ leach mining of ion-absorbed rare-earth mineral[J].Mining Research and Development,1996,17(2):1-4.(in Chinese)
[2]TANG Xun-zhong,LI Mao-nan,YANG Dian.The research of indoor simulation experiments of the ion-absorbed rare earth mineral in-situ leach mining[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,1999,30(2):133-136.(in Chinese)
[3]QIU Ting-sheng,FANG Xi-hui,WU Hong-qiang,ZENG Qing-hua,ZHU Dong-mei.Leaching behaviors of iron and aluminum elements of ion-absorbed-rare-earth ore with a new impurity depressant[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(9):2986-2990.
[4]JING Qing-xiu,CHAI Li-yuan,HUANG Xxiao-dong,TANGChong-jian,GUO Huan,WANG Wei.Behavior of ammonium adsorption by clay mineral halloysite[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(7):1627-1635.
[5]YIN Sheng-hua,QI yan,XIE Fang-fang,CHEN Xun,WANGLei-ming.Permeability characteristic of weathered crust elutiondeposited rare earth ores under different pore structures[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2018,28(5):1043-1049.(in Chinese)
[6]CHI Ru-an,TIAN Jun.Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores[M].New York:Nova Science Publishers,2008.
[7]TIAN Jun.Kinetics and mass transfer in leaching rare earth from the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore[D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.(in Chinese)
[8]TIAN Jun,LU Sheng-liang,YIN Jing-qun.Kinetic study on leaching a south china rare earth ore[J].Engineering Chemistry and Metallurgy,1995,16(3):354-357.(in Chinese)
[9]TIAN Jun,CHI Ru-an,YIN Jing-qun.Leaching process of rare earths from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(5):892-896.
[10]TIAN Jun,YIN Jing-qun,CHI Ru-an,RAO Guo-hua,JIANGMin-tao,OUYANG Ke-xian.Kinetics on leaching rare earth from the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with ammonium sulfate solution[J].Hydrometallurgy,2010,101(3-4):166-170.
[11]LI Ying-ting,TU An-bin,ZHANG Yue-fei,ZHANG Mei,CHI Ru-an.Kinetics of leaching rare earth from a weathered crust elutiondeposited rare earth ore in South China with mixed ammonium salt[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2009(2):19-24.(in Chinese)
[12]XIAO Yan-fei,CHEN Ying-ying,FENG Zong-yu,HUANGXiao-wei,HUANG Li,LONG Zhi-qi,CUI Da-li.Leaching characteristics of ion-adsorption type rare earths ore with magnesium sulfate[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(11):3784-3790.
[13]HE Zheng-yan,ZHANG Zhen-yue,YU Jun-xia,ZHOU Fang,XUYuan-lai,XU Zhi-gao,CHEN Zhe,CHI Ru-an.Kinetics of column leaching of rare earth and aluminum from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salt solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2016,163:33-39.
[14]RAN Xiu-chuan,REN Zi-jie,GAO Hui-min,ZHENG Ren-ji,JINJun-xun.Kinetics of rare earth and aluminum leaching from Kaolin[J].Minerals,2017,7(9):152-164.
[15]SUN Yuan-yuan,XU Qiu-hua,LI Yong-xiu.Leaching kinetics of ion adsorption rare earths using low concentration of ammonium sulfate solution[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2017,38(4):61-67.(in Chinese)
[16]WANG Rui-xiang,XIE Bo-yi,YU Pan,ZHANG Zhao-xue,MAOJi-yong,XIONG Jia-chun.Selection of leaching agent and optimization of column leaching process of ion-absorbed rare earth deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2015,39(11):1060-1064.(in Chinese)
[17]HE Zheng-yan,ZHANG Zhen-yue,YU Jun-xia,XU Zhi-gao,XUYuan-lai,ZHOU Fang,CHI Ru-an.Column leaching process of rare earth and aluminum from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salts[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(11):3024-3033.
[18]HE Zheng-yan,ZHANG Zhen-yue,YU Jun-xia,XU Zhi-gao,CHIRu-an.Process optimization of rare earth and aluminum leaching from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with compound ammonium salts[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2016,34(4):413-419.
[19]HE Zheng-yan,ZHANG Zhen-yue,CHI Ru-an,XU Zhi-gao,YUJun-xia,WU Ming,BAI Ru-yu.Leaching hydrodynamics of weathered elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salts solution[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2017,35(8):824-830.
[20]YIN Sheng-hua,WU Ai-xiang,HU Kai-jian,WANG Hong-jiang.Solute transportation mechanism of heap leaching and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2011,42(4):1092-1098.(in Chinese)
[21]WU Ai-xiang,YIN Sheng-hua,WANG Hong-jiang,SU Yong-ding.Solute transport mechanism and model of dump leaching[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2006,37(2):385-389.(in Chinese)
[22]WU Ai-xiang,LIU Jin-zhi,YIN Sheng-hua,XI Yong.The mathematical model of the solute transportation in the heap leaching and the analytic solutions[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2005,25(5):7-10.(in Chinese)
[23]QIU Ting-sheng,ZHU Dong-mei,WU Cheng-you,WANG L M.Lattice Boltzmann model for simulation on leaching process of weathered elution-deposited rare earth ore[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2017,37(10):1014-1021.
[24]WU Cheng-you,QIU Ting-sheng,WANG Li-ming.Numerical study on solute transport in leaching process of rare earth by lattice Boltzmann method[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2014,14(5):730-736.(in Chinese)
[25]EVANGELOU V P,PHILLIPS R E.Comparison between the Gapon and Vanselow exchange selectivity coefficients[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1988,52(2):379-382.
[26]LI Yong-xiu.Ion adsorption rare earth resources and their green extraction[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[27]SOKOLOVA T A,ALEKSEEVA S A.Adsorption of sulfate ions by soils(A review)[J].Eurasian Soil Science,2008,41(2):140-148.
[28]SAUTY J P.An analysis of hydrodispersive transfer in aquifers[J].Water Resources Research,1989,16(1):145-158.
[29]STEEFEL C I,MACQUARRIE K T B.Approaches to modeling of reactive transport in porous media[J].Reactive Transport in Porous Media,1996,34(5):83-125.
[30]WALTER A L,FRIND E O,BLOWES D W,PTACEK C J,MOLSON J W.Modeling of multicomponent reactive transport in groundwater:1.Model development and evaluation[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(11):3137-3148.
[31]CLEMENT T P,SUN Y,HOOKER B S,PETERSEN J N.Modeling multispecies reactive transport in ground water[J].Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation,2010,18(2):79-92.
[2]TANG Xun-zhong,LI Mao-nan,YANG Dian.The research of indoor simulation experiments of the ion-absorbed rare earth mineral in-situ leach mining[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,1999,30(2):133-136.(in Chinese)
[3]QIU Ting-sheng,FANG Xi-hui,WU Hong-qiang,ZENG Qing-hua,ZHU Dong-mei.Leaching behaviors of iron and aluminum elements of ion-absorbed-rare-earth ore with a new impurity depressant[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2014,24(9):2986-2990.
[4]JING Qing-xiu,CHAI Li-yuan,HUANG Xxiao-dong,TANGChong-jian,GUO Huan,WANG Wei.Behavior of ammonium adsorption by clay mineral halloysite[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(7):1627-1635.
[5]YIN Sheng-hua,QI yan,XIE Fang-fang,CHEN Xun,WANGLei-ming.Permeability characteristic of weathered crust elutiondeposited rare earth ores under different pore structures[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2018,28(5):1043-1049.(in Chinese)
[6]CHI Ru-an,TIAN Jun.Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores[M].New York:Nova Science Publishers,2008.
[7]TIAN Jun.Kinetics and mass transfer in leaching rare earth from the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore[D].Changsha:Central South University,2010.(in Chinese)
[8]TIAN Jun,LU Sheng-liang,YIN Jing-qun.Kinetic study on leaching a south china rare earth ore[J].Engineering Chemistry and Metallurgy,1995,16(3):354-357.(in Chinese)
[9]TIAN Jun,CHI Ru-an,YIN Jing-qun.Leaching process of rare earths from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(5):892-896.
[10]TIAN Jun,YIN Jing-qun,CHI Ru-an,RAO Guo-hua,JIANGMin-tao,OUYANG Ke-xian.Kinetics on leaching rare earth from the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with ammonium sulfate solution[J].Hydrometallurgy,2010,101(3-4):166-170.
[11]LI Ying-ting,TU An-bin,ZHANG Yue-fei,ZHANG Mei,CHI Ru-an.Kinetics of leaching rare earth from a weathered crust elutiondeposited rare earth ore in South China with mixed ammonium salt[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2009(2):19-24.(in Chinese)
[12]XIAO Yan-fei,CHEN Ying-ying,FENG Zong-yu,HUANGXiao-wei,HUANG Li,LONG Zhi-qi,CUI Da-li.Leaching characteristics of ion-adsorption type rare earths ore with magnesium sulfate[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(11):3784-3790.
[13]HE Zheng-yan,ZHANG Zhen-yue,YU Jun-xia,ZHOU Fang,XUYuan-lai,XU Zhi-gao,CHEN Zhe,CHI Ru-an.Kinetics of column leaching of rare earth and aluminum from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salt solutions[J].Hydrometallurgy,2016,163:33-39.
[14]RAN Xiu-chuan,REN Zi-jie,GAO Hui-min,ZHENG Ren-ji,JINJun-xun.Kinetics of rare earth and aluminum leaching from Kaolin[J].Minerals,2017,7(9):152-164.
[15]SUN Yuan-yuan,XU Qiu-hua,LI Yong-xiu.Leaching kinetics of ion adsorption rare earths using low concentration of ammonium sulfate solution[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2017,38(4):61-67.(in Chinese)
[16]WANG Rui-xiang,XIE Bo-yi,YU Pan,ZHANG Zhao-xue,MAOJi-yong,XIONG Jia-chun.Selection of leaching agent and optimization of column leaching process of ion-absorbed rare earth deposits[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2015,39(11):1060-1064.(in Chinese)
[17]HE Zheng-yan,ZHANG Zhen-yue,YU Jun-xia,XU Zhi-gao,XUYuan-lai,ZHOU Fang,CHI Ru-an.Column leaching process of rare earth and aluminum from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salts[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(11):3024-3033.
[18]HE Zheng-yan,ZHANG Zhen-yue,YU Jun-xia,XU Zhi-gao,CHIRu-an.Process optimization of rare earth and aluminum leaching from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with compound ammonium salts[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2016,34(4):413-419.
[19]HE Zheng-yan,ZHANG Zhen-yue,CHI Ru-an,XU Zhi-gao,YUJun-xia,WU Ming,BAI Ru-yu.Leaching hydrodynamics of weathered elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salts solution[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2017,35(8):824-830.
[20]YIN Sheng-hua,WU Ai-xiang,HU Kai-jian,WANG Hong-jiang.Solute transportation mechanism of heap leaching and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2011,42(4):1092-1098.(in Chinese)
[21]WU Ai-xiang,YIN Sheng-hua,WANG Hong-jiang,SU Yong-ding.Solute transport mechanism and model of dump leaching[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2006,37(2):385-389.(in Chinese)
[22]WU Ai-xiang,LIU Jin-zhi,YIN Sheng-hua,XI Yong.The mathematical model of the solute transportation in the heap leaching and the analytic solutions[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2005,25(5):7-10.(in Chinese)
[23]QIU Ting-sheng,ZHU Dong-mei,WU Cheng-you,WANG L M.Lattice Boltzmann model for simulation on leaching process of weathered elution-deposited rare earth ore[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2017,37(10):1014-1021.
[24]WU Cheng-you,QIU Ting-sheng,WANG Li-ming.Numerical study on solute transport in leaching process of rare earth by lattice Boltzmann method[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2014,14(5):730-736.(in Chinese)
[25]EVANGELOU V P,PHILLIPS R E.Comparison between the Gapon and Vanselow exchange selectivity coefficients[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1988,52(2):379-382.
[26]LI Yong-xiu.Ion adsorption rare earth resources and their green extraction[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[27]SOKOLOVA T A,ALEKSEEVA S A.Adsorption of sulfate ions by soils(A review)[J].Eurasian Soil Science,2008,41(2):140-148.
[28]SAUTY J P.An analysis of hydrodispersive transfer in aquifers[J].Water Resources Research,1989,16(1):145-158.
[29]STEEFEL C I,MACQUARRIE K T B.Approaches to modeling of reactive transport in porous media[J].Reactive Transport in Porous Media,1996,34(5):83-125.
[30]WALTER A L,FRIND E O,BLOWES D W,PTACEK C J,MOLSON J W.Modeling of multicomponent reactive transport in groundwater:1.Model development and evaluation[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(11):3137-3148.
[31]CLEMENT T P,SUN Y,HOOKER B S,PETERSEN J N.Modeling multispecies reactive transport in ground water[J].Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation,2010,18(2):79-92.