基于连续统去除和偏最小二乘回归的油菜SPAD高光谱估算
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摘要
【目的】探讨油菜叶绿素含量的高光谱估算方法,为实现油菜叶片叶绿素含量的高效、无损、大面积监测提供理论依据。【方法】以陕西省关中地区油菜叶片为研究对象,分别测定苗期、蕾薹期、开花期及角果期的叶片高光谱数据和SPAD值,提取各生育期连续统去除光谱和7类光谱吸收特征参数,分析原始光谱、连续统去除光谱、光谱吸收特征参数与SPAD值之间的相关关系,构建基于原始光谱特征波段、连续统去除光谱特征波段、光谱吸收特征参数的SPAD估算模型,并对模型精度进行验证。【结果】在可见光范围,光谱反射率由蕾薹期、开花期、苗期到角果期依次递增,最大吸收深度和吸收谷面积逐渐增大。利用连续统去除光谱特征波段与吸收特征参数,分别建立的油菜各生育期叶片SPAD估算模型均优于原始光谱。运用连续统去除光谱特征波段结合最优吸收特征参数构建的偏最小二乘回归估算模型,是进行油菜叶片SPAD估算的最优模型。【结论】连续统去除法对不同生育期油菜叶片叶绿素相对含量具有较好的预测能力,是估算油菜叶片SPAD值的一种实时高效方法。
【Objective】 The hyperspectral estimation method of chlorophyll content in oilseed rape was investigated to provide basis for efficient,non-destructive and large area monitoring of chlorophyll content in rape leaves.【Method】 Taking rape leaves in Guanzhong,Shaanxi as the research object,the hyperspectral data and SPAD values of leaves at seedling stage,bud stage,flowering stage and pod stages were measured and the continuum removal spectral and 7 spectral absorption characteristic parameters were extracted.The correlations between original spectrum,continuum removal spectrum,spectral absorption characteristic parameters and SPAD were analyzed.SPAD estimation models based on original spectral characteristic band,continuum removal spectral characteristic band and spectral absorption characteristic parameter were constructed and verified.【Result】 In the visible light range,the spectral reflectance increased from bud stage,flowering stage,seedling stage to pod stage,and the maximum absorption depth and area of absorption valley increased gradually.The estimation models for each growth period using continuum remove spectral characteristic bands and absorption characteristic parameters were better than the original ones.Partial least squares regression(PLS) model was constructed by removing spectral characteristic bands and optimum absorption characteristic parameters.It was the optimum model for estimating SPAD of rape leaves. 【Conclusion】 Continuous removal method had better prediction ability for chlorophyll content in rape leaves at different growth stages.It is a real-time and efficient method to estimate the SPAD value of rape leaves.
【Objective】 The hyperspectral estimation method of chlorophyll content in oilseed rape was investigated to provide basis for efficient,non-destructive and large area monitoring of chlorophyll content in rape leaves.【Method】 Taking rape leaves in Guanzhong,Shaanxi as the research object,the hyperspectral data and SPAD values of leaves at seedling stage,bud stage,flowering stage and pod stages were measured and the continuum removal spectral and 7 spectral absorption characteristic parameters were extracted.The correlations between original spectrum,continuum removal spectrum,spectral absorption characteristic parameters and SPAD were analyzed.SPAD estimation models based on original spectral characteristic band,continuum removal spectral characteristic band and spectral absorption characteristic parameter were constructed and verified.【Result】 In the visible light range,the spectral reflectance increased from bud stage,flowering stage,seedling stage to pod stage,and the maximum absorption depth and area of absorption valley increased gradually.The estimation models for each growth period using continuum remove spectral characteristic bands and absorption characteristic parameters were better than the original ones.Partial least squares regression(PLS) model was constructed by removing spectral characteristic bands and optimum absorption characteristic parameters.It was the optimum model for estimating SPAD of rape leaves. 【Conclusion】 Continuous removal method had better prediction ability for chlorophyll content in rape leaves at different growth stages.It is a real-time and efficient method to estimate the SPAD value of rape leaves.
引文
[1] 张金恒,王珂,王人潮.高光谱评价植被叶绿素含量的研究进展 [J].上海交通大学学报,2003,21(1):74-80.Zhang J H,Wang K,Wang R C.Study on hyperspectral remote sensing in estimate vegetation leaf chlorophyll content [J].Chinese Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2003,21(1):74-80.
[2] 谢传奇,何勇,李晓丽,等.基于高光谱技术的灰霉病胁迫下番茄叶片SPAD值检测方法研究 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(12):3324-3328.Xie C Q,He Y,Li X L,et al.Study of detection of spad value in tomato leaves stressed by grey mold based on hyperspectral technique [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(12):3324-3328.
[3] 徐彩平,刘霞,陈宇炜.浮游植物叶绿素a浓度测定方法的比较研究 [J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(4):438-442.Xu C P,Liu X,Chen Y W.Comparison of methods for determination of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a [J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2013,29(4):438-442.
[4] 薛香,吴玉娥.小麦叶片叶绿素含量测定及其与SPAD值的关系 [J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(11):2701-2702.Xie X,Wu Y E.Chlorophyll content determination and its relationship with SPAD value in wheat [J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2010,49(11):2701-2702.
[5] 李哲,张飞,陈丽华,等.光谱指数的植物叶片叶绿素含量估算模型 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(5):1533-1539.Li Z,Zhang F,Chen L H,et al.Research on spectrum variance of vegetation leaves and estimation model for leaf chlorophyll content based on the spectral index [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2018,38(5):1533-1539.
[6] 丁希斌,刘飞,张初,等.基于高光谱成像技术的油菜叶片SPAD值检测 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2015,35(2):486-491.Ding X B,Liu F,Zhang C,et al.Prediction of SPAD value in oilseed rape leaves using hyperspectral imaging technique [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2015,35(2):486-491.
[7] 秦占飞,常庆瑞,申健,等.引黄灌区水稻红边特征及SPAD高光谱预测模型 [J].武汉大学学报,2016,41(9):1168-1175.Qin Z F,Chang Q R,Shen J,et al.Red edge characteristics and SPAD estimation model using hyperspectral data for rice in Ningxia irrigation zone [J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2016,41(9):1168-1175.
[8] 余蛟洋,常庆瑞,由明明,等.基于高光谱和BP神经网络模型苹果叶片SPAD值遥感估算 [J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):156-165.Yu J Y,Chang Q R,You M M,et al.Estimation of apple leaf SPAD value based on hyperspectrum and BP neural network [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(2):156-165.
[9] 王丽爱,马昌,周旭东,等.基于随机森林回归算法的小麦叶片SPAD值遥感估算 [J].农业机械学报,2015,46(1):259-265.Wang L A,Ma C,Zhou X D,et al.Estimation of wheat leaf SPAD value using rf algorithmic model and remote sensing data [J].Transaction of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(1):259-265.
[10] 李媛媛,常庆瑞,刘秀英,等.基于高光谱和BP神经网络的玉米叶片SPAD值遥感估算 [J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):135-142.Li Y Y,Chang Q R,Liu X Y,et al.Estimation of maize leaf SPAD value based on hyperspectrum and BP neural network [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(16):135-142.
[11] 梁爽,赵庚星,朱西存.苹果树叶片叶绿素含量高光谱估测模型研究 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(5):1367-1370.Liang S,Zhao G X,Zhu X C.Hyperspectral estimation models of chlorophyll content in apple leaves [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(5):1367-1370.
[12] 岳学军,全东平,洪添胜,等.柑橘叶片叶绿素含量高光谱无损检测模型 [J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):294-302.Yue X J,Quan D P,Hong T S,et al.Non-destructive hyperspectral measurement model of chlorophyll content for citrus leaves [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(1):294-302.
[13] 姚付启,张振华,杨润亚,等.基于红边参数的植被叶绿素含量高光谱估算模型 [J].农业工程学报,2009,25(S2):123-129.Yao F Q,Zhang Z H,Yang R Y,et al.Hyperspectral models for estimating vegetation chlorophyll content based on red edge parameter [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(S2):123-129.
[14] 唐延林,王纪华,黄敬峰,等.水稻成熟过程中高光谱与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的变化规律研究 [J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):167-173.Tang Y L,Wang J H,Huang J F,et al.Variation law of hypersprctral data and chlorophyll and carotenoid for rice in mature processr [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(6):167-173.
[15] 宋开山,张柏,王宗明,等.大豆叶绿素含量高光谱反演模型研究 [J].农业工程学报,2006,22(8):16-21.Song K S,Zhang B,Wang Z M,et al.Inverse model for estimating soybean chlorophyll concentration using in-situ collected canopy hyperspectral data [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(8):16-21.
[16] Vane G,Goetz A F H.Terrestrial imaging spectrometry:current status,future trends [J].Remote Sens Environ,1993,44(2):109-127.
[17] Minolta Co Ltd.Chlorophyll SPAD-502 instruction manual [M].Japan:Radiometric Instruments Operation,1989:17-21.
[18] Kokaly R F,Clark R N.Spectroscopic determination of leaf biochemistry using band-depth analysis of absorption features and step wise multiplelinear regression [J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1999,67(3):267-287.
[19] Curran P J,Dungan J L,Peterson D L.Estimating the foliar biochemical concentration of leaves with reflectance spectrometry:testing the Kokalyand Clark methodologies [J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2001,76:349-359.
[20] 张金恒.基于连续统去除法的水稻氮素营养光谱诊断 [J].植物生态学报,2006(1):78-82.Zhang J H.Rice nitrogen nutrition diagnosis using continuumremoved reflectance [J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2006(1):78-82.
[21] 郭超凡,郭逍宇.基于可见光波段包络线去除的湿地植物叶片叶绿素估算 [J].生态学报,2016,36(20):6538-6546.Guo C F,Guo X Y.Estimation of wetland plant leaf chlorophyll content based on continuum removal in the visible domain [J].Acta Ecologica Sinca,2016,36(20):6538-6546.
[22] 张雪红,刘绍民,何蓓蓓.基于包络线消除法的油菜氮素营养高光谱评价 [J].农业工程学报,2008,24(10):151-155.Zhang X H,Liu S M,He B B.Hyperspectral evaluation of rape nitrogen nutrition using continuum removed method [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(10):151-155.
[23] 张雪红,田庆久.基于连续统去除法的冬小麦叶片氮积累量的高光谱评价 [J].生态学杂志,2010,29(1):181-186.Zhang X H,Tian Q J.Hyperspectral evaluation of nutrition accumulation in winter wheat leaves based on continuum-removed method [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(1):181-186.
[24] Mutanga O,Skidmore A K,Kumar L,et al.Estimating tropical pasture quality at canopy level using band depth analysis with continuumremoval in the visible domain [J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,26(6):1093-1108.
[25] 李粉玲,常庆瑞.基于连续统去除法的冬小麦叶片全氮含量估算 [J].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):174-179.Li F L,Chang Q R.Estimation of winter wheat leaf nitrogen content based on continuum removed spectra [J].Transaction of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):174-179.
[26] 陈圣波,周超,王晋年.黑龙江多金属矿区植物胁迫光谱及其与金属元素含量关系研究 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(5):1310-1315.Chen S B,Zhou C,Wang J N.Vegetation stress spectra and their relations with the contents of metal elements within the plant leaves in metal mines in Heilongjiang [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(5):1310-1315.
[2] 谢传奇,何勇,李晓丽,等.基于高光谱技术的灰霉病胁迫下番茄叶片SPAD值检测方法研究 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(12):3324-3328.Xie C Q,He Y,Li X L,et al.Study of detection of spad value in tomato leaves stressed by grey mold based on hyperspectral technique [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(12):3324-3328.
[3] 徐彩平,刘霞,陈宇炜.浮游植物叶绿素a浓度测定方法的比较研究 [J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(4):438-442.Xu C P,Liu X,Chen Y W.Comparison of methods for determination of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a [J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2013,29(4):438-442.
[4] 薛香,吴玉娥.小麦叶片叶绿素含量测定及其与SPAD值的关系 [J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(11):2701-2702.Xie X,Wu Y E.Chlorophyll content determination and its relationship with SPAD value in wheat [J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2010,49(11):2701-2702.
[5] 李哲,张飞,陈丽华,等.光谱指数的植物叶片叶绿素含量估算模型 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(5):1533-1539.Li Z,Zhang F,Chen L H,et al.Research on spectrum variance of vegetation leaves and estimation model for leaf chlorophyll content based on the spectral index [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2018,38(5):1533-1539.
[6] 丁希斌,刘飞,张初,等.基于高光谱成像技术的油菜叶片SPAD值检测 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2015,35(2):486-491.Ding X B,Liu F,Zhang C,et al.Prediction of SPAD value in oilseed rape leaves using hyperspectral imaging technique [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2015,35(2):486-491.
[7] 秦占飞,常庆瑞,申健,等.引黄灌区水稻红边特征及SPAD高光谱预测模型 [J].武汉大学学报,2016,41(9):1168-1175.Qin Z F,Chang Q R,Shen J,et al.Red edge characteristics and SPAD estimation model using hyperspectral data for rice in Ningxia irrigation zone [J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2016,41(9):1168-1175.
[8] 余蛟洋,常庆瑞,由明明,等.基于高光谱和BP神经网络模型苹果叶片SPAD值遥感估算 [J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(2):156-165.Yu J Y,Chang Q R,You M M,et al.Estimation of apple leaf SPAD value based on hyperspectrum and BP neural network [J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(2):156-165.
[9] 王丽爱,马昌,周旭东,等.基于随机森林回归算法的小麦叶片SPAD值遥感估算 [J].农业机械学报,2015,46(1):259-265.Wang L A,Ma C,Zhou X D,et al.Estimation of wheat leaf SPAD value using rf algorithmic model and remote sensing data [J].Transaction of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(1):259-265.
[10] 李媛媛,常庆瑞,刘秀英,等.基于高光谱和BP神经网络的玉米叶片SPAD值遥感估算 [J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):135-142.Li Y Y,Chang Q R,Liu X Y,et al.Estimation of maize leaf SPAD value based on hyperspectrum and BP neural network [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(16):135-142.
[11] 梁爽,赵庚星,朱西存.苹果树叶片叶绿素含量高光谱估测模型研究 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(5):1367-1370.Liang S,Zhao G X,Zhu X C.Hyperspectral estimation models of chlorophyll content in apple leaves [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(5):1367-1370.
[12] 岳学军,全东平,洪添胜,等.柑橘叶片叶绿素含量高光谱无损检测模型 [J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):294-302.Yue X J,Quan D P,Hong T S,et al.Non-destructive hyperspectral measurement model of chlorophyll content for citrus leaves [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(1):294-302.
[13] 姚付启,张振华,杨润亚,等.基于红边参数的植被叶绿素含量高光谱估算模型 [J].农业工程学报,2009,25(S2):123-129.Yao F Q,Zhang Z H,Yang R Y,et al.Hyperspectral models for estimating vegetation chlorophyll content based on red edge parameter [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(S2):123-129.
[14] 唐延林,王纪华,黄敬峰,等.水稻成熟过程中高光谱与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的变化规律研究 [J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):167-173.Tang Y L,Wang J H,Huang J F,et al.Variation law of hypersprctral data and chlorophyll and carotenoid for rice in mature processr [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2003,19(6):167-173.
[15] 宋开山,张柏,王宗明,等.大豆叶绿素含量高光谱反演模型研究 [J].农业工程学报,2006,22(8):16-21.Song K S,Zhang B,Wang Z M,et al.Inverse model for estimating soybean chlorophyll concentration using in-situ collected canopy hyperspectral data [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2006,22(8):16-21.
[16] Vane G,Goetz A F H.Terrestrial imaging spectrometry:current status,future trends [J].Remote Sens Environ,1993,44(2):109-127.
[17] Minolta Co Ltd.Chlorophyll SPAD-502 instruction manual [M].Japan:Radiometric Instruments Operation,1989:17-21.
[18] Kokaly R F,Clark R N.Spectroscopic determination of leaf biochemistry using band-depth analysis of absorption features and step wise multiplelinear regression [J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1999,67(3):267-287.
[19] Curran P J,Dungan J L,Peterson D L.Estimating the foliar biochemical concentration of leaves with reflectance spectrometry:testing the Kokalyand Clark methodologies [J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2001,76:349-359.
[20] 张金恒.基于连续统去除法的水稻氮素营养光谱诊断 [J].植物生态学报,2006(1):78-82.Zhang J H.Rice nitrogen nutrition diagnosis using continuumremoved reflectance [J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2006(1):78-82.
[21] 郭超凡,郭逍宇.基于可见光波段包络线去除的湿地植物叶片叶绿素估算 [J].生态学报,2016,36(20):6538-6546.Guo C F,Guo X Y.Estimation of wetland plant leaf chlorophyll content based on continuum removal in the visible domain [J].Acta Ecologica Sinca,2016,36(20):6538-6546.
[22] 张雪红,刘绍民,何蓓蓓.基于包络线消除法的油菜氮素营养高光谱评价 [J].农业工程学报,2008,24(10):151-155.Zhang X H,Liu S M,He B B.Hyperspectral evaluation of rape nitrogen nutrition using continuum removed method [J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2008,24(10):151-155.
[23] 张雪红,田庆久.基于连续统去除法的冬小麦叶片氮积累量的高光谱评价 [J].生态学杂志,2010,29(1):181-186.Zhang X H,Tian Q J.Hyperspectral evaluation of nutrition accumulation in winter wheat leaves based on continuum-removed method [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(1):181-186.
[24] Mutanga O,Skidmore A K,Kumar L,et al.Estimating tropical pasture quality at canopy level using band depth analysis with continuumremoval in the visible domain [J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,26(6):1093-1108.
[25] 李粉玲,常庆瑞.基于连续统去除法的冬小麦叶片全氮含量估算 [J].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):174-179.Li F L,Chang Q R.Estimation of winter wheat leaf nitrogen content based on continuum removed spectra [J].Transaction of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):174-179.
[26] 陈圣波,周超,王晋年.黑龙江多金属矿区植物胁迫光谱及其与金属元素含量关系研究 [J].光谱学与光谱分析,2012,32(5):1310-1315.Chen S B,Zhou C,Wang J N.Vegetation stress spectra and their relations with the contents of metal elements within the plant leaves in metal mines in Heilongjiang [J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(5):1310-1315.
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