基于超分子溶剂分散液液微萃取技术测定食品接触材料中8种邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移量
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摘要
建立了食品接触材料中8种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的同位素稀释超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。以正辛醇、四氢呋喃和水形成的超分子溶剂为萃取剂,对食品接触材料迁移溶液中的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂进行分散液液微萃取。分别考察了烷基醇的种类与用量、四氢呋喃用量、涡旋时间等因素对萃取效率的影响。采用Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1mm×50mm×1.7μm),以甲醇-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式进行定性及定量分析。结果表明,8种邻苯二甲酸酯在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数r2>0.99,检出限为0.1～1.0μg/L,定量限为0.5～2.0μg/L。在低、中、高3个添加水平下,8种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的平均回收率为84.8%～117.5%,相对标准偏差为2.1%～18.7%(n=6)。该方法准确可靠、操作简便,适用于食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的检测。
Supramolecular solvents(SUPRASs)are nanostructured liquids produced in colloidal solutions of amphiphilic compounds by spontaneous,sequential phenomena of self-assembly and coacervation,which have been already proved as effective extractants of various analytes with different polar ranges in a variety of samples.SUPRASs have intrinsic properties derived from the amphiphilic character of the molecules making up them and their high concentration that render them very attractive for extraction process.In most instances,SUPRASs are reversed micelles formed by mixing an alkyl alcohol or an acid with tetrahydrofuran and water.The size of reverse micelle center pore can be adjusted by changing the ratio of tetrahydrofuran and the macromolecular substances are kept from entering the extraction phase,thereby facilitating the extraction and purification.Their adaption to different microextraction formats,compatibility with separation and detection techniques,low cost,simplicity and quickness make SUPRASs a powerful alternative to traditional organic solvents in analytical extractions.SUPRASs were mainly used in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)coupled to ultraviolet-visible,fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection.Extracts containing the analytes are usully injected directly into the HPLC system where the nanostructures disassemble in the hydro-organic mobile phase and produce surfactant monomers that do not influence the chromatographic behavior of solutes.In this study,a novel method was developed for the determination of the migration of 8 phthalic acid esters(PAEs)from food contact materials using SUPRAS-based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction(DLLME)coupled with isotope dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The analytes in food simulants were extracted by a SUPRAS consisted of octanol,tetrahydrofuran and aqueous solution.The key parameters in terms of the type and volume of extractant,amounts of tetrahydrofuran,and vortex time were investigated.The analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm×1.7μm)with gradient elution by methanol and water.The qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted by ESI-MS in positive ion mode under multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.The experimental results demonstrated that good linearity(r2>0.99)is observed in their respective concentration ranges.The limits of detection(LODs)are0.1-1.0μg/L,and the limits of quantitation(LOQs)are 0.5-2.0μg/L,respectively.The recoveries of PAEs range from 84.8% to 117.5% at three spiked levels with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)between 2.1% and 18.7%(n=6).The proposed method is accurate,reliable,simple and convenient,and is suitable for the determination of migration of PAEs from food contact materials.
Supramolecular solvents(SUPRASs)are nanostructured liquids produced in colloidal solutions of amphiphilic compounds by spontaneous,sequential phenomena of self-assembly and coacervation,which have been already proved as effective extractants of various analytes with different polar ranges in a variety of samples.SUPRASs have intrinsic properties derived from the amphiphilic character of the molecules making up them and their high concentration that render them very attractive for extraction process.In most instances,SUPRASs are reversed micelles formed by mixing an alkyl alcohol or an acid with tetrahydrofuran and water.The size of reverse micelle center pore can be adjusted by changing the ratio of tetrahydrofuran and the macromolecular substances are kept from entering the extraction phase,thereby facilitating the extraction and purification.Their adaption to different microextraction formats,compatibility with separation and detection techniques,low cost,simplicity and quickness make SUPRASs a powerful alternative to traditional organic solvents in analytical extractions.SUPRASs were mainly used in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)coupled to ultraviolet-visible,fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection.Extracts containing the analytes are usully injected directly into the HPLC system where the nanostructures disassemble in the hydro-organic mobile phase and produce surfactant monomers that do not influence the chromatographic behavior of solutes.In this study,a novel method was developed for the determination of the migration of 8 phthalic acid esters(PAEs)from food contact materials using SUPRAS-based dispersive liquid liquid microextraction(DLLME)coupled with isotope dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The analytes in food simulants were extracted by a SUPRAS consisted of octanol,tetrahydrofuran and aqueous solution.The key parameters in terms of the type and volume of extractant,amounts of tetrahydrofuran,and vortex time were investigated.The analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×50 mm×1.7μm)with gradient elution by methanol and water.The qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted by ESI-MS in positive ion mode under multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.The experimental results demonstrated that good linearity(r2>0.99)is observed in their respective concentration ranges.The limits of detection(LODs)are0.1-1.0μg/L,and the limits of quantitation(LOQs)are 0.5-2.0μg/L,respectively.The recoveries of PAEs range from 84.8% to 117.5% at three spiked levels with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)between 2.1% and 18.7%(n=6).The proposed method is accurate,reliable,simple and convenient,and is suitable for the determination of migration of PAEs from food contact materials.
引文
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[3]王玉邦,王心如.邻苯二甲酸酯类生殖内分泌毒性[J].环境与职业医学,2003,20(6):457-460.WANG Yubang,WANG Xinru.Toxicity of phthalic acid esters(PAEs)on reproductive endocrine[J].Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine,2003,20(6):457-460(in Chinese).
[4]KARACˇONJI I B,JURICA S A,LASIC'D,JU-RICA K.Facts about phthalate toxicity in humans and their occurrence in alcoholic beverages[J].Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,2017,68:81-92.
[5]熊平,张洁,周密,钱欣.生物降解聚乳酸薄膜中己二酸二丁基二甘酯增塑剂迁移量的测定[J].塑料,2014,43(4):54-56.XIONG Ping,ZHANG Jie,ZHOU Mi,QIANXin.Migration measure of bis(2-2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl)hexanedioate in biodegradable polylactic acid film[J].Plastics,2014,43(4):54-56(in Chinese).
[6]易守福,李莎,陈同强,李灿,廖燕芝,孙桂芳.食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移规律研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(2):500-505.YI Shoufu,LI Sha,CHEN Tongqiang,LI Can,LIAO Yanzhi,SUN Guifang.Migration of phthalate esters in food packaging materials[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2017,8(2):500-505(in Chinese).
[7]彭碧宁,李忠,林加燕,蔡德玲,黄世强.食品中22种邻苯二甲酸酯类的测定及包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类迁移量的研究[J].口岸卫生控制,2014,19(4):17-25.PENG Bi′ning,LI Zhong,LIN Jiayan,CAI Deling,HUANG Shiqiang.Determination of 22kinds of phthalate esters in foods and research for their migration from packages[J].Port Health Control,2014,19(4):17-25(in Chinese).
[8]杨悠悠,谢云峰,田菲菲,杨永坛.常见食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量及食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的测定[J].色谱,2013,31(7):674-678.YANG Youyou,XIE Yunfeng,TIAN Feifei,YANG Yongtan.Determination of phthalate their migration plasticizers in daily foods and from food packages[J].Chinese Journal of Chromatography,2013,31(7):674-678(in Chinese).
[9]CACHO J I,CAMPILLO N,VINAS P,HERNANDEZ-CORDOBA M.Determination of alkylphenols and phthalate esters in vegetables and migration studies from their packages by means of stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2012,1 241:21-27.
[10]MOREIRA M,ANDREL,CARDEAL Z.Analysis of phthalate migration to food simulants in plastic containers during microwave operations[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2014,11(1):507-526.
[11]陈进,周静,陈梦,郭瑛,杨维英.塑料饮用吸管中塑化剂迁移量的气相色谱-质谱测定法[J].环境与健康杂志,2016,33(8):744-746.CHEN Jin,ZHOU Jing,CHEN Meng,GUOYing,YANG Weiying.Determination of migration of plasticizer in plastic drinking straw with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2016,33(8):744-746(in Chinese).
[12]杨博锋,汤志旭,高昕,牛增元,罗忻,王风美,简慧敏.高效液相色谱法测定纸制食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移量[J].分析测试学报,2012,31(10):1 272-1 276.YANG Bofeng,TANG Zhixu,GAO Xin,NIUZengyuan,LUO Xin,WANG Fengmei,JIANHuimin.Determination of phthalic acid esters released from food paper packaging paterials by high performance liquid chromatography[J].Journal of Instrmmantal Analysis,2012,31(10):1 272-1 276(in Chinese).
[13]GARCIA IBARRA V,SENDON R,GARCIA-FONTE X-X,PASEIRO LOSADA P,RO-DRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS A.Migration studies of butylated hydroxytoluene,tributyl acetylcitrate and dibutyl phthalate into food simulants[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,doi:10.1002/sfa.9337.
[14]XU Q,YIN X,WANG M,WANG H,ZHANGN,SHEN Y,XU S,ZHANG L,GU Z.Analysis of phthalate migration from plastic containers to packaged cooking oil and mineral water[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(21):11 311-11 317.
[15]张子豪,张海峰,麦晓霞,李全忠,李丹,刘莹峰,蚁乐洲,钟志光,郑建国.高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定塑料食品接触材料中20种邻苯二甲酸酯迁移量[J].化学分析计量,2015,24(6):6-10.ZHANG Zihao,ZHANG Haifeng,MAI Xiaoxia,LI Quanzhong,LI Dan,LIU Yingfeng,YILezhou,ZHONG Zhiguang,ZHENG Jianguo.Simultaneous determination of the migration of20phthalates in plastic food contact materials by HPLC-MS-MS[J].Chemical Analysis and Meterage,2015,24(6):6-10(in Chinese).
[16]林野,方志青.塑料餐饮具中酞酸酯向不同食品模拟物迁移效果研究[J].食品研究与开发,2015,(7):88-90.LIN Ye,FANG Zhiqing.Study of different food simulants on phthalate esters leaching from plastics tableware[J].Food Research and Development,2015,(7):88-90(in Chinese).
[17]孙岩,王振华,杜悦,崔洁,高昂.食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂迁移量的测定[J].塑料科技,2014,42(7):110-113.SUN Yan,WANG Zhenhua,DU Yue,CUI Jie,GAO Ang.Determination on migration amount of paes in food package materials[J].Plastics Science and Technology,2014,42(7):110-113(in Chinese).
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