滇中城市群重要活动断裂与区域地壳稳定性评价
|
摘要
结合前人资料的系统梳理、遥感解译及地表调查结果,对滇中城市群地区的活动断裂进行活动程度分级,得到该区"5纵2横"13条主要活动断裂的构造体系分布格局。按断裂活动强弱程度对城镇及重要工程的影响不同,对滇中城市群地区城镇和"十三五"及中长期规划的重大工程开展活动断裂影响调查研究,表明活动断裂是影响和制约该区城镇规划及重大工程建设的主要地质因素。综合考虑活动断裂活动程度、岩性特征和地形变化3因素进行的区域地壳稳定性评价初步结果表明,该区的"极不稳定区"、"不稳定区"和"次不稳定区"约占全区面积三分之一。
Combining previous data,active fault remote sensing interpretation and geological field survey,we classify the active faults into four classes according the fault activity in city group of central Yunan. They are faults with very high activity rate,faults with high activity rate,faults with moderate activity rate and faults with low activity rate. It shows that there are thirteen main active faults zone in the study area,with an image of "5 longitudinal and 2 lateral"fault zones. The study of the active fault affection on the main project reveals that the active faults are the key geological factor that restricts the layout of the cities and the main projects. The regional crustal stability assessment is calculated by the three factors of faults,rocks and slopes. The result suggests that most areas of the city group of central Yunnan is "unstable",one-third of the city group area is"extremely unstable region","unstable region"or"sub unstable region".
Combining previous data,active fault remote sensing interpretation and geological field survey,we classify the active faults into four classes according the fault activity in city group of central Yunan. They are faults with very high activity rate,faults with high activity rate,faults with moderate activity rate and faults with low activity rate. It shows that there are thirteen main active faults zone in the study area,with an image of "5 longitudinal and 2 lateral"fault zones. The study of the active fault affection on the main project reveals that the active faults are the key geological factor that restricts the layout of the cities and the main projects. The regional crustal stability assessment is calculated by the three factors of faults,rocks and slopes. The result suggests that most areas of the city group of central Yunnan is "unstable",one-third of the city group area is"extremely unstable region","unstable region"or"sub unstable region".
引文
[1]云南省地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Yunnan Province.Regional geology of Yunnan Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990.
[2]毛玉平,韩新民.云南地区强震(M≥6)研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2003.MAO Yu-ping,HAN Xin-min.The study on the M≥6 earthquakes in Yunnan Province[M].Kunming:Yunnan Science&Technology Press,2003.
[3]Armijo R,Tapponnier P,Han T.Late Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip faulting in southern Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94:2787~2838.
[4]Armijo R,Tapponnier P,Mercier J L,et al.Quaternary extension in southern Tibet:Field observations and tectonic implication[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91:13803~13872.
[5]Avouac J P,Tapponnier P.Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1993,20:895~898.
[6]Burchfiel B C,Royden L H.Tectonics of Asia 50 years after the death of Emile Argand[J].Ecol.Geol.Helv.,1991,84:599~629.
[7]England P,Molnar P.Right-lateral shear and rotation as the explanation for strike-slip faulting in eastern Tibet[J].Nature,1990,344:140~142.
[8]Kidd W S F,Molnar P.Quaternary and active faulting observed on the 1985 Academia Sinica-Royal Society Geotraverse of Tibet[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,Series A,1988,327(1594):337~363.
[9]Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of continental collision[J].Science,1975,189:419~425.
[10]Patriat P,Achache J.India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates[J].Nature,1984,311:615~621.
[11]Rowley D B.Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia:A review of stratigraphic data[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,1996,145:1~13.
[12]Rowley D B,Currie B S.Palaeo-altimetry of the Late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola Basin,central Tibet[J].Nature,2006,439:677~681.
[13]Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,King R W,et al.Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Science,1997,276:788~790.
[14]Shen Z K,LJ,Wang M,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the Tibetan plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2005,110:B11409.
[15]Tapponnier P,Mercier J L,Armijo R,et al.Field evidence for active normal faulting in Tibet[J].Nature,1981,294:410~414.
[16]Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of Tibet Plateau[J].Science,2001,294:1671~1677.
[17]Tapponnier P,Mercier J L,Proust F,et al.The Tibetan side of the India Eurasia collision[J].Nature,1981,294:405~410.
[18]Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Le Dain A Y,et al.Propaging extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plastcine[J].Geology,1982,10:611~616.
[19]Wang E C,Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,et al.Late Cenozoic Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang,Red River,and Dali fault systems of south-western Sichuan and central Yunnan,China[J].Geological Society of America Special Paper,1998,327:108.
[20]Yin A,Harrison M T.Geological evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen[J].Annu.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.,2000,28:211~280.
[21]Zhang P,Shen Z,Wang M,et al.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data[J].Geology,2004,32:809~812.
[22]Yeats R S,Sieh K,Allen C R.The geology of earthquake[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1997.
[23]Slemmons D B,Mc Kinney R.Definition of active fault[M].Vicksburg Miss:Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,1977.
[24]Slemmons D B,Defolo C.Evaluation of active faulting and associated hazards[C]//Active tectonics:Impact on society.The National Academies Press,1986:45~48.
[25]Machette M N.Active,capable,and potentially active faults:A paleoseismic perspective[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2000,29(3):387~392.
[26]吴中海,张岳桥,胡道功.新构造、活动构造与地震地质[J].地质通报,2014,33(4):391~402.WU Zhong-hai,ZHANG Yue-qiao,HU Dao-gong.Neotectonics,active tectonics and earthquake geology[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2014,33(4):391~402.
[27]吴中海,周春景,谭成轩,等.长江经济带地区的活动构造与区域地壳稳定性[J].地质力学学报,2016,22(3):379~411.WU Zhong-hai,ZHOU Chun-jing,TAN Cheng-xuan,et al.The active tectonics and the regional crustal stability in the Yangtze River economic belt[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2016,22(3):379~411.
[28]吴中海,龙长兴,范桃园,等.青藏高原东南缘弧形旋扭活动构造体系及其动力学特征与机制[J].地质通报,2015,34(1):1~31.WU Zhong-hai,LONG Chang-xing,FAN Tao-yuan,et al.The arc rotational-shear active tectonic system on the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and its dynamic characteristics and mechanism[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2015,34(1):1~31.
[29]邓起东,冉永康,杨晓平,等.中国活动构造图[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.DENG Qi-dong,RAN Yong-kang,YANG Xiao-ping,et al.Active tectonics map of China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2007.
[30]虢顺民,李祥根,向宏发,等.云南红河走滑断裂尾端拉张区的运动学模式[C]//国家地震局地质研究所.现代地壳运动研究.北京:地震出版社,1991:1~12.GUO Shun-min,LI Xiang-gen,XIANG Hong-fa,et al.Kinematic model of Honghe strike-slip fault in Yunnan[C]//Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.Study on modern crust movement.Beijing:Seismological Press,1991:1~12.
[31]虢顺民,向宏发,计凤桔,等.红河断裂带第四纪右旋走滑与尾端拉张转换关系研究[J].地震地质,1996,18(4):301~309.GUO Shun-min,XIANG Hong-fa,JI Feng-ju,et al.A study on the relation between Quaternary right-lateral slip and tip extension along the Honghe fault[J].Seismology and Geology,1996,18(4):301~309.
[32]向宏发,韩竹军,虢顺民,等.红河断裂带大型右旋走滑运动与伴生构造地貌变形[J].地震地质,2004,26(4):597~610.XIANG Hong-fa,HAN Zhu-jun,GUO Shun-min,et al.Large-scale dextral strike-slip movement and associated tectonic deformation along the Red River fault zone[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,26(4):597~610.
[33]国家地震局西南烈度队.川滇强震区地震地质调查汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.Southwest Intensity Team of National Seismological Bureau.Compilation of seismic and geological survey of strong earthquake areas in Sichuan and Yunnan[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1979.
[34]李玶.鲜水河—小江断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.LI Ping.The Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1993.
[35]宋方敏,汪一鹏,俞维贤,等.小江活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.SONG Fang-min,WANG Yi-peng,YU Wei-xian,et al.The Xiaojiang active fault zone[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1998.
[36]Allen C R,韩源,Sich K E,等.红河断裂的第四纪活动研究(一):现代活动概貌和活动断裂证据[J].地震研究.1984,7(1):39~51.Allen C R,HAN Yuan,Sich K E,et al.1984.Study of the Quaternary activities of the Red River Fault(Ⅰ):General survey of its contemporary activities and evidence of the active faulting[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1984,7(1):39~51.
[37]Allen C R,韩源,Sich K E,等.红河断裂的第四纪活动研究(二):断裂活动特征、滑动速率与地震重复间隔探讨[J].地震研究,1984,7(2):171~186.Allen C R,HAN Yuan,Sich K E,et al.1984.study of the Quaternary Activities of the Red River Fault(Ⅱ)-its Features of Activity,Slip Rate and Recurrence Intervals of Earthquakes[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1984,7(2):171~186.
[38]虢顺民,计凤桔,向宏发,等.红河活动断裂带[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001.GUO Shun-min,JI Feng-ju,XIANG Hong-fa,et al.Red-river fault zone[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2001.
[39]向宏发,虢顺民,张晚霞,等.红河断裂带南段断裂活动性转换的地质特征研究[C]//邓起东,汪一鹏,张培震,等.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,1995:38~45.XIANG Hong-fa,GUO Shun-min,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.Geologic characteristics of the transition of fault activity on the southern segment of the Honghe Fault zone[C]//DENG Qi-dong,WANG Yi-peng,ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al.Research on active fault(4).Beijing:Seismological Press,1995:38~45.
[40]Duong C,Feigl K L.Geodetic measurement of horizontal strain across the Red River Fault near Thac Ba,Vietnam[J].J.Geod.,1999,73:298~310.
[41]Feigl K L,Duong C,Becker M,et al.Insignificant horizontal strain across the Red River Fault near Thac Ba,Vietnam from GPS measurements 1994—2000[M].Geophys.Res.Abst.,2003,Abstract 04707.
[42]向宏发,虢顺民,张晚霞,等.红河断裂带南段中新世以来大型右旋位错量的定量研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(1):34~50.XIANG Hong-fa,GUO Shun-min,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.Quantitative study on the large scale dextral strike slip offset in the southern segment of the Red River Fault since Miocene[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(1):34~50.
[43]杨振宇,孙知明,马醒华,等.红河断裂两侧早第三纪古地磁研究及其地质意义[J].地质学报,2001,75(1):35~44.YANG Zhen-yu,SUN Zhi-ming,MA Xing-hua,et al.Palaeomagnetic study of the Early Tertiary on both sides of the Red River Fault and its geological implications[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,75(1):35~44.
[44]徐锡伟,程国良,于贵华,等.川滇菱形块体顺时针转动的构造学与古地磁学证据[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):61~69.XU Xi-wei,CHENG Guo-liang,YU Gui-hua,et al.Tectonic and paleomagnetic evidence for the clockwise rotation of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(1):61~69.
[45]李仕虎,黄宝春,朱日祥.青藏高原东南缘构造旋转的古地磁学证据[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(1):76~94.LI Shi-hu,HUANG Bao-chun,ZHU Ri-xiang.Paleomagnetic constraints on the tectonic rotation of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(1):76~94.
[46]谷德振.地质构造与工程建设[J].科学通报,1963,8(10):18~23.GU De-zhen.Geological structure and engineering construction[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1963,8(10):18~23.
[47]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.GU De-zhen.Foundations of rock engineering geomechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979.
[48]李四光.关于地震地质问题[J].中国地质,1965,12:1~7.LI Si-guang.Some problems on seismo-geologic research[J].Geology in China,1965,12:1~7.
[49]李四光.地震地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.LI Si-guang.Seismology and geology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1973.
[50]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.LI Si-guang.Introduction to geological mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1973.
[51]刘国昌.地质力学及其在水文地质工程地质方面的应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1979.LIU Guo-chang.Geomechanics and its application in hydrological and engineering geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1979.
[52]刘国昌.中国工程地质发展的回顾、反思和展望[J].河北地质学院学报,1988,11(3):1~8.LIU Guo-chang.Review,rethink and prospect on the development of engineering geology in China[J].Journal of Hebei Geology College,1988,11(3):1~8.
[53]陈庆宣,孙叶,邵云惠.中国构造体系的现今活动性[C]//国际交流地质学术论文集(1).北京:地质出版社,1980:69~78.CHEN Qing-xuan,SUN Ye,SHAO Yun-hui.The present activity of the tectonic system in China[C]//Proceedings of international exchange geology(1).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1980:69~78.
[54]陈庆宣,孙叶,王治顺.运用地质力学方法研究区域地壳稳定性[C]//地质力学文集(第九集).北京:地质出版社,1989.CHEN Qing-xuan,SUN Ye,WANG Zhi-shun.Study on the regional crustal stability applying geomechanism[C]//The collection of geomechanism.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989.
[55]胡海涛.广东核电站规划选址区域地壳稳定性分析与评价[M].北京:中国档案出版社,1988.HU Hai-tao.Analysis and evaluation of regional crustal stability in nuclear power plant site selection in Guangdong[M].Beijing:China Archives Press,1988.
[56]胡海涛,贾加麟,殷跃平.区域地壳稳定性研究的理论与发展[C]//第五届国际工程地质大会论文集.北京:地质出版社,1987.HU Hai-tao,JIA Jia-lin,YIN Yue-ping.The theory of studying on regional crustal stability and its development[C]//Proceedings of the IAEG 5thCongress.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1987.
[57]孙叶,谭成轩,李开善,等.区域地壳稳定性定量化评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.SUN Ye,TAN Cheng-xuan,LI Kai-shan,et al.Quantitative evaluation of regional crustal stability[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1998.
[58]刘传正,胡海涛.工程选址的“安全岛”多级逼近与优选理论[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1993,4(1):28~37.LIU Chuan-zheng,HU Hai-tao.The multi-scale approaching to“safety island”and optimization theory in engineering site selection[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1993,4(1):28~37.
[59]刘传正.环境工程地质学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.LIU Chuan-zheng.Introduction to environmental engineering geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995.
[60]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.SUN Guang-zhong.Rockmass structural mechanism[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988.
[61]王思敬,黄鼎成.攀西地区环境工程地质[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.WANG Si-jing,HUANG Ding-cheng.Environmental engineering geology problems in Panxi Region[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1990.
[62]王思敬,牛宏建.东秦岭—大别山造山带大型推覆构造的物理机制及动力学分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.WANG Si-jing,Niu Hong-jian.Physical mechanism and dynamic analysis on large nappe structure in East QinlingDabieshan orogenic belt[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.
[63]张卓元.工程地质勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1981.ZHANG Zhuo-yuan.Engineering geological exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1981.
[64]殷跃平.区域地壳稳定性研究的专家知识结构模型[J].水文地质工程地质,1990,18(2):8~15.YIN Yue-pin.Expert knowledge structure model of regional crustal stability studies[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1990,18(2):8~15.
[65]殷跃平,胡海涛,康宏达.重大工程选址区域地壳稳定性评价专家系统[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.YIN Yue-ping,HU Hai-tao,KANG Hong-da.Expert system of regional crustal stability assessment in important engineering site selection[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.
[66]吴树仁.清江流域地壳稳定性工程地质研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995.WU Shu-ren.The engineering geology study on the crustal stability of Qingjiang River basin[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1995.
[67]易明初.中国区域地壳稳定性图[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.YI Ming-chu.Map on regional crustal stability in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.
[68]彭建兵,毛彦龙,范文,等.区域稳定性动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.PENG Jian-bing,MAO Yan-long,FAN Wen,et al.Researches on the dynamics of region stability[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.
[69]吴珍汉,周春景,王薇,等.青藏铁路沿线构造活动性评价和工程稳定性区划[J].地质通报,2005,24(5):401~410.WU Zhen-han,ZHOU Chun-jing,WANG Wei,et al.Assessment on tectonic activity and divisions of engineering stability along the Golmud-Lhasa Railway[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(5):401~410.
[70]周春景,吴珍汉,石广仁.BP人工神经网络在青藏铁路南段地壳稳性定量评价中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(3):79~85.ZHOU Chun-jing,WU Zhen-han,SHI Guang-ren.Applicatin of BP artificial neural network to quantitative assessment on crust stability along the Golmud-Lhasa Railway across South Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(3):79~85.
[71]姚鑫,李凌婧,张永双,等.青藏高原东缘区域地壳稳定性评价[J].地质通报,2015,34(1):32~44.YAO Xin,LI Ling-jing,ZHANG Yong-shuang,et al.Regional crustal stability assessment of the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2015,34(1):32~44.
[72]胡道功,吴中海,吴珍汉,等.东昆仑断裂带库赛湖段晚第四纪古地震研究[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(1):27~34.HU Dao-gong,WU Zhong-hai,WU Zhen-han,et al.Late Quaternary paleoseismic history on the Kusai Lake segment of East Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):27~34.
[73]胡道功,叶培盛,吴珍汉,等.东昆仑断裂带西大滩段全新世古地震研究[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):1012~1020.HU Dao-gong,YE Pei-sheng,WU Zhen-han,et al.Research on Holocene Paleoearthquakes on the Xidatan Segment of the East Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(6):1012~1020.
[74]吴中海,周春景,冯卉,等.青海玉树地区第四纪活动断裂与地震[J].地质通报,2014,32(4):419~469.WU Zhong-hai,ZHOU Chun-jing,FENG Hui,et al.Active faults and earthquake around Yushu in eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2014,32(4):419~469.
[75]周春景.巴颜喀拉块体边界应力场变化及其对强震发生的影响[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2014.ZHOU Chun-jing.The stress field changes near the boundary fault zones in the Bayanhar Block and their effect on the large earthquake[D].Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,2014.
[76]李陈侠.东昆仑断裂带东段(玛沁—玛曲)晚第四纪长期滑动习性研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2009.LI Chen-xia.The long-term faulting behavior of the eastern segment(Maqin-Maqu)of the East Kunlun Fault since the Late Quaternary[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology of China Earthquake Administration,2009:101~117.
[77]吴中海,周春景.中国及西南地区活动构造体系格局[C]//杨振宇,范桃园,吴中海,等.西南地区活动构造与应力场模拟成果报告.2011.WU Zhong-hai,ZHOU Chun-jing.The active tectonic system in China and its southwest region[C]//YANG Zhen-yu,FAN Tao-yuan,WU Zhong-hai,et al.the Report to the active tectonic in the southwest of China and its structural stress modeling results.2011.
[2]毛玉平,韩新民.云南地区强震(M≥6)研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2003.MAO Yu-ping,HAN Xin-min.The study on the M≥6 earthquakes in Yunnan Province[M].Kunming:Yunnan Science&Technology Press,2003.
[3]Armijo R,Tapponnier P,Han T.Late Cenozoic right-lateral strike-slip faulting in southern Tibet[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94:2787~2838.
[4]Armijo R,Tapponnier P,Mercier J L,et al.Quaternary extension in southern Tibet:Field observations and tectonic implication[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1986,91:13803~13872.
[5]Avouac J P,Tapponnier P.Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,1993,20:895~898.
[6]Burchfiel B C,Royden L H.Tectonics of Asia 50 years after the death of Emile Argand[J].Ecol.Geol.Helv.,1991,84:599~629.
[7]England P,Molnar P.Right-lateral shear and rotation as the explanation for strike-slip faulting in eastern Tibet[J].Nature,1990,344:140~142.
[8]Kidd W S F,Molnar P.Quaternary and active faulting observed on the 1985 Academia Sinica-Royal Society Geotraverse of Tibet[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,Series A,1988,327(1594):337~363.
[9]Molnar P,Tapponnier P.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of continental collision[J].Science,1975,189:419~425.
[10]Patriat P,Achache J.India-Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates[J].Nature,1984,311:615~621.
[11]Rowley D B.Age of initiation of collision between India and Asia:A review of stratigraphic data[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,1996,145:1~13.
[12]Rowley D B,Currie B S.Palaeo-altimetry of the Late Eocene to Miocene Lunpola Basin,central Tibet[J].Nature,2006,439:677~681.
[13]Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,King R W,et al.Surface deformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Science,1997,276:788~790.
[14]Shen Z K,LJ,Wang M,et al.Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the Tibetan plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2005,110:B11409.
[15]Tapponnier P,Mercier J L,Armijo R,et al.Field evidence for active normal faulting in Tibet[J].Nature,1981,294:410~414.
[16]Tapponnier P,Xu Z,Roger F,et al.Oblique stepwise rise and growth of Tibet Plateau[J].Science,2001,294:1671~1677.
[17]Tapponnier P,Mercier J L,Proust F,et al.The Tibetan side of the India Eurasia collision[J].Nature,1981,294:405~410.
[18]Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Le Dain A Y,et al.Propaging extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plastcine[J].Geology,1982,10:611~616.
[19]Wang E C,Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,et al.Late Cenozoic Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang,Red River,and Dali fault systems of south-western Sichuan and central Yunnan,China[J].Geological Society of America Special Paper,1998,327:108.
[20]Yin A,Harrison M T.Geological evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen[J].Annu.Rev.Earth Planet.Sci.,2000,28:211~280.
[21]Zhang P,Shen Z,Wang M,et al.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data[J].Geology,2004,32:809~812.
[22]Yeats R S,Sieh K,Allen C R.The geology of earthquake[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1997.
[23]Slemmons D B,Mc Kinney R.Definition of active fault[M].Vicksburg Miss:Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,1977.
[24]Slemmons D B,Defolo C.Evaluation of active faulting and associated hazards[C]//Active tectonics:Impact on society.The National Academies Press,1986:45~48.
[25]Machette M N.Active,capable,and potentially active faults:A paleoseismic perspective[J].Journal of Geodynamics,2000,29(3):387~392.
[26]吴中海,张岳桥,胡道功.新构造、活动构造与地震地质[J].地质通报,2014,33(4):391~402.WU Zhong-hai,ZHANG Yue-qiao,HU Dao-gong.Neotectonics,active tectonics and earthquake geology[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2014,33(4):391~402.
[27]吴中海,周春景,谭成轩,等.长江经济带地区的活动构造与区域地壳稳定性[J].地质力学学报,2016,22(3):379~411.WU Zhong-hai,ZHOU Chun-jing,TAN Cheng-xuan,et al.The active tectonics and the regional crustal stability in the Yangtze River economic belt[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2016,22(3):379~411.
[28]吴中海,龙长兴,范桃园,等.青藏高原东南缘弧形旋扭活动构造体系及其动力学特征与机制[J].地质通报,2015,34(1):1~31.WU Zhong-hai,LONG Chang-xing,FAN Tao-yuan,et al.The arc rotational-shear active tectonic system on the southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and its dynamic characteristics and mechanism[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2015,34(1):1~31.
[29]邓起东,冉永康,杨晓平,等.中国活动构造图[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.DENG Qi-dong,RAN Yong-kang,YANG Xiao-ping,et al.Active tectonics map of China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2007.
[30]虢顺民,李祥根,向宏发,等.云南红河走滑断裂尾端拉张区的运动学模式[C]//国家地震局地质研究所.现代地壳运动研究.北京:地震出版社,1991:1~12.GUO Shun-min,LI Xiang-gen,XIANG Hong-fa,et al.Kinematic model of Honghe strike-slip fault in Yunnan[C]//Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.Study on modern crust movement.Beijing:Seismological Press,1991:1~12.
[31]虢顺民,向宏发,计凤桔,等.红河断裂带第四纪右旋走滑与尾端拉张转换关系研究[J].地震地质,1996,18(4):301~309.GUO Shun-min,XIANG Hong-fa,JI Feng-ju,et al.A study on the relation between Quaternary right-lateral slip and tip extension along the Honghe fault[J].Seismology and Geology,1996,18(4):301~309.
[32]向宏发,韩竹军,虢顺民,等.红河断裂带大型右旋走滑运动与伴生构造地貌变形[J].地震地质,2004,26(4):597~610.XIANG Hong-fa,HAN Zhu-jun,GUO Shun-min,et al.Large-scale dextral strike-slip movement and associated tectonic deformation along the Red River fault zone[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,26(4):597~610.
[33]国家地震局西南烈度队.川滇强震区地震地质调查汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.Southwest Intensity Team of National Seismological Bureau.Compilation of seismic and geological survey of strong earthquake areas in Sichuan and Yunnan[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1979.
[34]李玶.鲜水河—小江断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.LI Ping.The Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1993.
[35]宋方敏,汪一鹏,俞维贤,等.小江活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.SONG Fang-min,WANG Yi-peng,YU Wei-xian,et al.The Xiaojiang active fault zone[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1998.
[36]Allen C R,韩源,Sich K E,等.红河断裂的第四纪活动研究(一):现代活动概貌和活动断裂证据[J].地震研究.1984,7(1):39~51.Allen C R,HAN Yuan,Sich K E,et al.1984.Study of the Quaternary activities of the Red River Fault(Ⅰ):General survey of its contemporary activities and evidence of the active faulting[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1984,7(1):39~51.
[37]Allen C R,韩源,Sich K E,等.红河断裂的第四纪活动研究(二):断裂活动特征、滑动速率与地震重复间隔探讨[J].地震研究,1984,7(2):171~186.Allen C R,HAN Yuan,Sich K E,et al.1984.study of the Quaternary Activities of the Red River Fault(Ⅱ)-its Features of Activity,Slip Rate and Recurrence Intervals of Earthquakes[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1984,7(2):171~186.
[38]虢顺民,计凤桔,向宏发,等.红河活动断裂带[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001.GUO Shun-min,JI Feng-ju,XIANG Hong-fa,et al.Red-river fault zone[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2001.
[39]向宏发,虢顺民,张晚霞,等.红河断裂带南段断裂活动性转换的地质特征研究[C]//邓起东,汪一鹏,张培震,等.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社,1995:38~45.XIANG Hong-fa,GUO Shun-min,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.Geologic characteristics of the transition of fault activity on the southern segment of the Honghe Fault zone[C]//DENG Qi-dong,WANG Yi-peng,ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al.Research on active fault(4).Beijing:Seismological Press,1995:38~45.
[40]Duong C,Feigl K L.Geodetic measurement of horizontal strain across the Red River Fault near Thac Ba,Vietnam[J].J.Geod.,1999,73:298~310.
[41]Feigl K L,Duong C,Becker M,et al.Insignificant horizontal strain across the Red River Fault near Thac Ba,Vietnam from GPS measurements 1994—2000[M].Geophys.Res.Abst.,2003,Abstract 04707.
[42]向宏发,虢顺民,张晚霞,等.红河断裂带南段中新世以来大型右旋位错量的定量研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(1):34~50.XIANG Hong-fa,GUO Shun-min,ZHANG Wan-xia,et al.Quantitative study on the large scale dextral strike slip offset in the southern segment of the Red River Fault since Miocene[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(1):34~50.
[43]杨振宇,孙知明,马醒华,等.红河断裂两侧早第三纪古地磁研究及其地质意义[J].地质学报,2001,75(1):35~44.YANG Zhen-yu,SUN Zhi-ming,MA Xing-hua,et al.Palaeomagnetic study of the Early Tertiary on both sides of the Red River Fault and its geological implications[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,75(1):35~44.
[44]徐锡伟,程国良,于贵华,等.川滇菱形块体顺时针转动的构造学与古地磁学证据[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):61~69.XU Xi-wei,CHENG Guo-liang,YU Gui-hua,et al.Tectonic and paleomagnetic evidence for the clockwise rotation of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(1):61~69.
[45]李仕虎,黄宝春,朱日祥.青藏高原东南缘构造旋转的古地磁学证据[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(1):76~94.LI Shi-hu,HUANG Bao-chun,ZHU Ri-xiang.Paleomagnetic constraints on the tectonic rotation of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(1):76~94.
[46]谷德振.地质构造与工程建设[J].科学通报,1963,8(10):18~23.GU De-zhen.Geological structure and engineering construction[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1963,8(10):18~23.
[47]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.GU De-zhen.Foundations of rock engineering geomechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979.
[48]李四光.关于地震地质问题[J].中国地质,1965,12:1~7.LI Si-guang.Some problems on seismo-geologic research[J].Geology in China,1965,12:1~7.
[49]李四光.地震地质[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.LI Si-guang.Seismology and geology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1973.
[50]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.LI Si-guang.Introduction to geological mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1973.
[51]刘国昌.地质力学及其在水文地质工程地质方面的应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1979.LIU Guo-chang.Geomechanics and its application in hydrological and engineering geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1979.
[52]刘国昌.中国工程地质发展的回顾、反思和展望[J].河北地质学院学报,1988,11(3):1~8.LIU Guo-chang.Review,rethink and prospect on the development of engineering geology in China[J].Journal of Hebei Geology College,1988,11(3):1~8.
[53]陈庆宣,孙叶,邵云惠.中国构造体系的现今活动性[C]//国际交流地质学术论文集(1).北京:地质出版社,1980:69~78.CHEN Qing-xuan,SUN Ye,SHAO Yun-hui.The present activity of the tectonic system in China[C]//Proceedings of international exchange geology(1).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1980:69~78.
[54]陈庆宣,孙叶,王治顺.运用地质力学方法研究区域地壳稳定性[C]//地质力学文集(第九集).北京:地质出版社,1989.CHEN Qing-xuan,SUN Ye,WANG Zhi-shun.Study on the regional crustal stability applying geomechanism[C]//The collection of geomechanism.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989.
[55]胡海涛.广东核电站规划选址区域地壳稳定性分析与评价[M].北京:中国档案出版社,1988.HU Hai-tao.Analysis and evaluation of regional crustal stability in nuclear power plant site selection in Guangdong[M].Beijing:China Archives Press,1988.
[56]胡海涛,贾加麟,殷跃平.区域地壳稳定性研究的理论与发展[C]//第五届国际工程地质大会论文集.北京:地质出版社,1987.HU Hai-tao,JIA Jia-lin,YIN Yue-ping.The theory of studying on regional crustal stability and its development[C]//Proceedings of the IAEG 5thCongress.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1987.
[57]孙叶,谭成轩,李开善,等.区域地壳稳定性定量化评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.SUN Ye,TAN Cheng-xuan,LI Kai-shan,et al.Quantitative evaluation of regional crustal stability[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1998.
[58]刘传正,胡海涛.工程选址的“安全岛”多级逼近与优选理论[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1993,4(1):28~37.LIU Chuan-zheng,HU Hai-tao.The multi-scale approaching to“safety island”and optimization theory in engineering site selection[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1993,4(1):28~37.
[59]刘传正.环境工程地质学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.LIU Chuan-zheng.Introduction to environmental engineering geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995.
[60]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.SUN Guang-zhong.Rockmass structural mechanism[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988.
[61]王思敬,黄鼎成.攀西地区环境工程地质[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.WANG Si-jing,HUANG Ding-cheng.Environmental engineering geology problems in Panxi Region[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1990.
[62]王思敬,牛宏建.东秦岭—大别山造山带大型推覆构造的物理机制及动力学分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.WANG Si-jing,Niu Hong-jian.Physical mechanism and dynamic analysis on large nappe structure in East QinlingDabieshan orogenic belt[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.
[63]张卓元.工程地质勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1981.ZHANG Zhuo-yuan.Engineering geological exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1981.
[64]殷跃平.区域地壳稳定性研究的专家知识结构模型[J].水文地质工程地质,1990,18(2):8~15.YIN Yue-pin.Expert knowledge structure model of regional crustal stability studies[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1990,18(2):8~15.
[65]殷跃平,胡海涛,康宏达.重大工程选址区域地壳稳定性评价专家系统[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.YIN Yue-ping,HU Hai-tao,KANG Hong-da.Expert system of regional crustal stability assessment in important engineering site selection[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.
[66]吴树仁.清江流域地壳稳定性工程地质研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995.WU Shu-ren.The engineering geology study on the crustal stability of Qingjiang River basin[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1995.
[67]易明初.中国区域地壳稳定性图[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.YI Ming-chu.Map on regional crustal stability in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.
[68]彭建兵,毛彦龙,范文,等.区域稳定性动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.PENG Jian-bing,MAO Yan-long,FAN Wen,et al.Researches on the dynamics of region stability[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.
[69]吴珍汉,周春景,王薇,等.青藏铁路沿线构造活动性评价和工程稳定性区划[J].地质通报,2005,24(5):401~410.WU Zhen-han,ZHOU Chun-jing,WANG Wei,et al.Assessment on tectonic activity and divisions of engineering stability along the Golmud-Lhasa Railway[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(5):401~410.
[70]周春景,吴珍汉,石广仁.BP人工神经网络在青藏铁路南段地壳稳性定量评价中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2007,26(3):79~85.ZHOU Chun-jing,WU Zhen-han,SHI Guang-ren.Applicatin of BP artificial neural network to quantitative assessment on crust stability along the Golmud-Lhasa Railway across South Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2007,26(3):79~85.
[71]姚鑫,李凌婧,张永双,等.青藏高原东缘区域地壳稳定性评价[J].地质通报,2015,34(1):32~44.YAO Xin,LI Ling-jing,ZHANG Yong-shuang,et al.Regional crustal stability assessment of the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2015,34(1):32~44.
[72]胡道功,吴中海,吴珍汉,等.东昆仑断裂带库赛湖段晚第四纪古地震研究[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(1):27~34.HU Dao-gong,WU Zhong-hai,WU Zhen-han,et al.Late Quaternary paleoseismic history on the Kusai Lake segment of East Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):27~34.
[73]胡道功,叶培盛,吴珍汉,等.东昆仑断裂带西大滩段全新世古地震研究[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):1012~1020.HU Dao-gong,YE Pei-sheng,WU Zhen-han,et al.Research on Holocene Paleoearthquakes on the Xidatan Segment of the East Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(6):1012~1020.
[74]吴中海,周春景,冯卉,等.青海玉树地区第四纪活动断裂与地震[J].地质通报,2014,32(4):419~469.WU Zhong-hai,ZHOU Chun-jing,FENG Hui,et al.Active faults and earthquake around Yushu in eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2014,32(4):419~469.
[75]周春景.巴颜喀拉块体边界应力场变化及其对强震发生的影响[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2014.ZHOU Chun-jing.The stress field changes near the boundary fault zones in the Bayanhar Block and their effect on the large earthquake[D].Beijing:Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,2014.
[76]李陈侠.东昆仑断裂带东段(玛沁—玛曲)晚第四纪长期滑动习性研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2009.LI Chen-xia.The long-term faulting behavior of the eastern segment(Maqin-Maqu)of the East Kunlun Fault since the Late Quaternary[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology of China Earthquake Administration,2009:101~117.
[77]吴中海,周春景.中国及西南地区活动构造体系格局[C]//杨振宇,范桃园,吴中海,等.西南地区活动构造与应力场模拟成果报告.2011.WU Zhong-hai,ZHOU Chun-jing.The active tectonic system in China and its southwest region[C]//YANG Zhen-yu,FAN Tao-yuan,WU Zhong-hai,et al.the Report to the active tectonic in the southwest of China and its structural stress modeling results.2011.