南京市臭氧、VOCs和PANs污染特征及变化趋势
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摘要
对2013—2016年基于国家环境空气质量监测站以及省建大气多参数站所获取的南京市O_3、NO_2、CO、VOCs、PANs观测结果进行综合评价,结果表明:2016年南京市O_3第90百分位日最大8 h平均质量浓度比2013年上升33.3%,超标天数中O_3引起的超标占比增至32.0%。南京市区大气中非甲烷总烃冬季浓度高于夏季,含氧挥发性有机物则与之相反;在5—9月,含氧挥发性有机物组分在日变化过程中出现峰值的时间先后顺序依次为醚、醛、酮类,且O_3和过氧乙酰硝酸酯(PANs)生成存在有一定的线性关系。VOCs/NOx比值表明南京市处于VOCs控制区,因此对NO_2浓度下降不敏感,植物源挥发性有机物连续3年上升,夏季大气光化学反应活性未显著下降,这些现象是城市O_3浓度维持在较高水平的重要因素。
Monitoring dataof O_3,NO_2,CO,VOCs,PANs from 2013 to 2016 by national ambient air quality monitoring stations and provincial atmospheric multi-parameter monitoring station in Nanjing were comprehensively evaluated,the results indicated that: The 90 thpercentile concentration of daily maximum 8-hour ozone average in 2016 had increased 33. 3% than that in 2013,proportion of substandard caused by ozone had risen to 32. 0%. The concentration of NMHCs was higher in winter than in summer,on the contrary,the concentration of OVOCs was higher in summer than in winter. The order of OVOCs concentration hourly peak was ethers,aldehydes,ketones respectively in chronological sequence,and there was a linear relationship between O_3 and PANs formation. The ratio of VOCs/NOxindicated that monitoring site in Nanjing was under VOCs control,so ozone sensitivity was not so much significant when NO_2 reduced,and plant VOCs had continuously increasing for recent three years,but activity of photochemical reaction had kept steady,those were important reasons which making ozone concentration still remaining at a higherlevel.
Monitoring dataof O_3,NO_2,CO,VOCs,PANs from 2013 to 2016 by national ambient air quality monitoring stations and provincial atmospheric multi-parameter monitoring station in Nanjing were comprehensively evaluated,the results indicated that: The 90 thpercentile concentration of daily maximum 8-hour ozone average in 2016 had increased 33. 3% than that in 2013,proportion of substandard caused by ozone had risen to 32. 0%. The concentration of NMHCs was higher in winter than in summer,on the contrary,the concentration of OVOCs was higher in summer than in winter. The order of OVOCs concentration hourly peak was ethers,aldehydes,ketones respectively in chronological sequence,and there was a linear relationship between O_3 and PANs formation. The ratio of VOCs/NOxindicated that monitoring site in Nanjing was under VOCs control,so ozone sensitivity was not so much significant when NO_2 reduced,and plant VOCs had continuously increasing for recent three years,but activity of photochemical reaction had kept steady,those were important reasons which making ozone concentration still remaining at a higherlevel.
引文
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[22]DICKE M,LORETO F.Induced plant volatiles:from genes to climate change[J].Trend in Plant Science,2010,15(3):1 150-1 157.
[23]CURCI G,BECKMANN M,VAUTARD R,et al.Friedrich Modelling study of the impact of isoprene and terpene biogenic emissions on European ozone levels[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(7):1 444-1 455.
[2]王闯,王帅,杨碧波,等.气象条件对沈阳市环境空气臭氧浓度影响研究[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(3):32-37.WANG Chuang,WANG Shuai,YANG Bibo,et al.Study of the effect of meteorological conditions on the ambient air ozone concentrations in Shenyang[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(3):32-37.
[3]王占山,李云婷,陈添,等.北京城区臭氧日变化特征及与前体物的相关性分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,32(12):3 001-3 008.WANG Zhanshan,LI Yunting,CHEN Tian,et al.Analysis on diurnal variation characteristics of ozone and correlations with its precursors in urban atmosphere of Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,2014,32(12):3 001-3 008.
[4]程念亮,李云婷,张大伟,等.2014年北京市城区臭氧超标日浓度特征及与气象条件的关系[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2 041-2 051.CHENG Nianliang,LI Yunting,ZHANG Dawei,et al.Characteristics of ozone over standard and its relationships with meteorological conditions in Beijing city in 2014[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2 041-2 051.
[5]LIU Y,YUAN B,LI X,et al.Impact of pollution controls in Beijing on atmospheric oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs)during the 2008Olympic Games:observation and modeling implications[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2014,14(19):3 045-3 062.
[6]SHEN J,ZHANG Y H,WANG X S,et al.An ozone episode over the Pearl River Delta in October 2008[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,122:852-863.
[7]易睿,王亚林,张殷俊,等.长江三角洲地区城市臭氧污染特征与影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2 370-2 377.YI Rui,WANG Yalin,ZHANG Yinjun,et al.Pollution characteristics and influence factors of ozone in Yangtze River Delta[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(8):2 370-2 377.
[8]DING A J,FU C B,YANG X Q,et al.Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta:an overview of 1yr data at the SORPES station[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2013,13(11):5 813-5 830.
[9]KIM S,KIM S Y,LEE M,et al.Impact of isoprene and HONO chemistry on ozone and OVOC formation in a semirural South Korean forest[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2015,15(8):4 357-4 371.
[10]YOSHITOMI M,WILD O,AKIMOTO H,et al.Contributions of regional and intercontinental transport to surface ozone in the Tokyo area[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2011,11(4):10 403-10 448.
[11]刘兴隆,曾立民,陆思华,等.大气中挥发性有机物在线监测系统[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(12):2 471-2 477.LIU Xinglong,ZENG Limin,LU Sihua,et al.Online monitoring system for volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(12):2 471-2 477.
[12]安俊琳,朱彬,王红磊,等.南京北郊大气VOCs变化特征及来源解析[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4 454-4 464.AN Junlin,ZHU Bin,WANG Honglei,et al.Characteristics and source apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs)in the Northern Suburb of Nanjing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4 454-4 464.
[13]莫梓伟,邵敏,陆思华.中国挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放源成分谱研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(9):2 179-2 189.MO Ziwei,SHAO Min,LU Sihua.Review on volatile organic compounds(VOCs)source profiles measured in China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(9):2 179-2 189.
[14]乔月珍,王红丽,黄成,等.机动车尾气排放VOCs源成分谱及其大气反应活性[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1 071-1 079.QIAO Yuezhen,WANG Hongli,HUANG Cheng,et al.Source profile and chemical reactivity of Volatile Organic Compounds from vehicle exhaust[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(4):1 071-1 079.
[15]高蒙,安俊琳,杭一纤,等.PMF和PCA/APCS模型对南京北郊大气VOCs源解析对比研究[J].气象与环境学报,2014,30(1):43-50.GAO Meng,AN Junlin,HANG Yiqian,et al.Comparison of PMF and PCA/APCS for VOCs sourceapportionment in north suburb of Nanjing[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2014,30(1):43-50.
[16]CAI C J,GENG F H,TIE X X,et al.Characteristics and source apportionment of VOCs measured in Shanghai,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44(38):5 005-5 014.
[17]WANG H L,CHEN C H,WANG Q,et al.Chemical loss of volatile organic compounds and its impact on the source analysis through a two-year continuous measurement[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,80(6):488-498.
[18]LAU A K H,YUAN Z,YU J Z,et al.Source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong[J].Science of the total environment,2010,408(19):4 138-4 149.
[19]黄志,高天宇,赵西萌,等.2006—2014年北京夏季大气中PANs浓度变化趋势[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):528-534.HUANG Zhi,GAO Tianyu,ZHAO Ximen,et al.Trends of summertime ground-level peroxyacyl nitrates concentrations in Beijing,China from 2006 to 2014[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis(Natural Science Edition),2016,52(3):528-534.
[20]唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.TANG Xiaoyan,ZHANG Yuanhang,Shao Min.Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry[M].The Second Edition.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[21]谢军飞,李延明.植物源挥发性有机化合物排放清单的研究进展[J].环境科学,2013,34(12):4 779-4 786.XIE Junfei,LI Yanming.Research Advances on Volatile Organic Compounds Emission Inventory of Plants[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(12):4 779-4 786.
[22]DICKE M,LORETO F.Induced plant volatiles:from genes to climate change[J].Trend in Plant Science,2010,15(3):1 150-1 157.
[23]CURCI G,BECKMANN M,VAUTARD R,et al.Friedrich Modelling study of the impact of isoprene and terpene biogenic emissions on European ozone levels[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(7):1 444-1 455.