超积累植物与煤在混烧过程中重金属的迁移特性
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摘要
通过在管式炉中进行了煤与超积累植物——伴矿景天的混烧实验,主要研究了不同燃烧温度、不同氮氧比气氛以及煤与伴矿景天的不同混合质量比对混烧过程中重金属(Cd、Zn与Pb)迁移情况的影响,并应用XRD技术分析灰渣中重金属的存在形式。实验分析表明:升高温度能在不同程度上增强Cd、Zn与Pb的挥发,提高其在飞灰中的含量;与单独燃烧伴矿景天相比,煤与伴矿景天混烧更有利于Cd和Zn保留在底渣中,但不利于Pb保留在底渣中;对于不同氮氧比气氛而言,Zn和Cd在底渣中的含量随着气氛中氧气含量的提高而升高,而气氛对Pb的影响是随着氧气含量的增加,Pb在底渣的含量是先增加后减少;当煤在混烧中的比例较高时,Cd更多向飞灰迁移,Pb和Zn则更多地残留于底渣。
Co-incineration of coal and hyperaccumulator-Sedum plumbizincicola was carried out in a laboratory-scaled tube furnace. In this study,the distribution and migration of cadmium( Cd),zinc( Zn),and lead( Pb)were studied under different conditions( including Sedum plumbizincicola and coal blending ratio,temperature,and redox atmosphere) during co-incineration of Sedum plumbizincicola and coal,and X-ray diffraction was implemented to elucidate heavy metals species. The results revealed that an increasing temperature could enhance the volatility of Cd,Zn,and Pb and increase their contents in fly ash. In compared to incineration of Sedum plumbizincicola,it was better to retain Zn and Cd in the bottom ash,but it was not good for to retain Pb in the bottom ash for the co-incineration of coal and hyperaccumulator-Sedum plumbizincicola. As the redox atmosphere,when the amount of oxygen( O_2) in the atmosphere had gone decreased down,Zn and Cd content in the bottom ash increased.However,the impact of the atmosphere on Pb was that with increasing O_2 concentrations,Pb content in the bottom ash increased firstly and then decreased. When the coal fraction was higher in the mixture of Sedum plumbiznciola and coal,Cd content in the fly ash was promoted,but Pb and Zn content in the bottom ash were increased.
Co-incineration of coal and hyperaccumulator-Sedum plumbizincicola was carried out in a laboratory-scaled tube furnace. In this study,the distribution and migration of cadmium( Cd),zinc( Zn),and lead( Pb)were studied under different conditions( including Sedum plumbizincicola and coal blending ratio,temperature,and redox atmosphere) during co-incineration of Sedum plumbizincicola and coal,and X-ray diffraction was implemented to elucidate heavy metals species. The results revealed that an increasing temperature could enhance the volatility of Cd,Zn,and Pb and increase their contents in fly ash. In compared to incineration of Sedum plumbizincicola,it was better to retain Zn and Cd in the bottom ash,but it was not good for to retain Pb in the bottom ash for the co-incineration of coal and hyperaccumulator-Sedum plumbizincicola. As the redox atmosphere,when the amount of oxygen( O_2) in the atmosphere had gone decreased down,Zn and Cd content in the bottom ash increased.However,the impact of the atmosphere on Pb was that with increasing O_2 concentrations,Pb content in the bottom ash increased firstly and then decreased. When the coal fraction was higher in the mixture of Sedum plumbiznciola and coal,Cd content in the fly ash was promoted,but Pb and Zn content in the bottom ash were increased.
引文
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[20]Belevi H.,Langmeier M.Factors determining the element behavior in municipal solid waste incinerators.2.Laboratory experiments.Environmental Science&Technology,2000,34(12):2507-2512
[2]Sas-Nowosielska A.,Kucharski R.,Malkowski E.,et al.Phytoextraction crop disposal:An unsolved problem.Environmental Pollution,2003,128(3):373-379
[3]Biswas P.,Wu Changyu.Control of toxic metal emissions from combustors using sorbents:A review.Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,1998,48(2):113-127
[4]薛浩栋.危险废弃物重金属迁移和控制机理研究.杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006Xue Haodong,The study on transfer and control mechanism of heavy metals in hazardous waste incineration.Hangzhou:Master Dissertation of Zhejiang University,2006(in Chinese)
[5]Yang Jianguang,Tang Chaobo,He Jing,et al.Heavy metal removal and crude bio-oil upgrade from Sedum alfredii Hance harvest using hydrothermal upgrading.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,179(1-3):1037-1041
[6]Verhulst D.,Buekens A.,Spencer P.J.,et al.Thermodynamic behavior of metal chlorides and sulfates under the conditions of incineration furnaces.Environmental Science&Technology,1996,30(1):50-60
[7]Keller C,Ludwig C.,Davoli F.,et al.Thermal treatment of metal-enriched biomass produced from heavy metal phytoextraction.Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(9):3359-3367
[8]Zhang Yangguo,Chen Yong,Meng Aihong,et al.Experimental and thermodynamic investigation on transfer of cadmium influenced by sulfur and chlorine during municipal solid waste(MSW)incineration.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,153(1-2):309-319
[9]王宪红.动力用煤混烧生物质燃烧特性及污染物排放特性研究.济南:山东大学硕士学位论文,2010Wang Xianhong.Study on the combustion and pollutant emission characteristics of steam coal blent with biomass.Ji’nan:Master Dissertation of Shandong University,2010(in Chinese)
[10]赵永椿.煤燃烧矿物组合演化及其与重金属相互作用机制的研究.武汉:华中科技大学博士学位论文,2008Zhao Yongchun.Partition mechanism and interaction of minerals and trace elements during coal combustion.Wuhan:Doctor Dissertation of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008(in Chinese)
[11]Wu Longhua,Zhong Daoxu,Du Yingzhe,et al.Emission and control characteristics for incineration of Sedum Plumbizincicola biomass in a laboratory-scale entrained flow tube furnace.International Journal of Phytoremediation,2014,15(3):219-231
[12]Lu Shengyong,Du Yingzhe,Zhong Daoxu,et al.Comparison of trace element emissions from thermal treatments of heavy metal hyperaccumulators.Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(9):5025-5031
[13]Wu L.H.,Liu Y.J.,Zhou S.B.,et al.Sedum plumbizincicola X.H.Guo et S.B.Zhou ex L.H.Wu(Crassulaceae):A new species from Zhejiang Province,China.Plant Systematics and Evolution,2013,299(3):487-498
[14]陈勇.垃圾焚烧中镉、铅迁移转化特性研究.北京:清华大学博士学位论文,2008Chen Yong.Study on the partitioning and speciation of Cd and Pb during municipal solid waste incineration.Beijing:Doctor Dissertation of Tsinghua University,2008(in Chinese)
[15]孙路石,陆继东,李敏,等.垃圾焚烧中Cd、Pb、Zn挥发行为的研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(8):157-161Shun Lushi,Lu Jidong,Li Min,et al.Volat Ilization of Cd,Pb and Zn during incineration of municipal solid waste.Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(8):157-161(in Chinese)
[16]张厚坚,刘海娟,黄世清,等.城市生活垃圾焚烧处理过程中重金属迁移规律研究.环境工程学报,2013,7(11):4569-4574Zhang Houjian,Liu Haijuan,Huang Shiqing,et al.Study on the migration rule of heavy metal in waste incineration.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(11):4569-4574(in Chinese)
[17]Wu Minhao,Lin C.L.,Zeng W.Y.,et al.Effect of waste incineration and gasification processes on heavy metal distribution.Fuel Processing Technology,2014,125:67-72
[18]Raskin L.,Smith R.D.,Salt D.E.,et al.Phytoremediation of metals:Using plants to remove pollutants from the environment.Current Opinion in Biotechnology,1997,8(2):221-226
[19]Salt D.E.,Blaylock M.,Kumar N.P.B.A.,et al.Phytoremediation:A novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants.Nature Biotechnology,1995 13(5):468-474
[20]Belevi H.,Langmeier M.Factors determining the element behavior in municipal solid waste incinerators.2.Laboratory experiments.Environmental Science&Technology,2000,34(12):2507-2512