混合植物型生态浮岛对乡村河道水体的净化效果
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摘要
为筛选对邯郸市乡村河道水体净化效果较好的生态浮岛植物组合模式,在静态条件下,研究多种植物不同组合搭配的生态浮岛对乡村河道水体的净化效果,选取水葫芦、再力花、美人蕉、慈姑、水芹作为供试植物,比较5种组合对水体中COD、TP、NH4+-N等污染物的去除效率。38天的试验结果表明:水芹+慈姑+美人蕉+水葫芦、美人蕉+再力花+水葫芦对COD去除率较高,分别为35.5%、31.2%;水芹+慈姑+美人蕉+水葫芦、美人蕉+再力花+水葫芦对TP去除率较高,分别为81.6%、77.3%;水芹+慈姑+美人蕉+水葫芦、水葫芦+再力花+美人蕉+水芹对NH4+-N去除率较高,分别为55.4%、53.9%;混合植物型生态浮岛对乡村河道水体的净化有显著效果。
The objective is to screen the ecological floating island planting model that has a good purifying effect on the rivers in rural Handan. Under static conditions, we selected Eichhornia crassipes, Thalia dealbata,Canna indica, Sagittaria and Oenanthe javanica as the test plants, and compared the removal efficiency of COD, TP, NH4+-N and other pollutants in water by five combinations of the plants. After 38 days of testing, the results showed that: Oenanthe javanica + Sagittaria + Canna indica + Eichhornia crassipes, Canna indica +Thalia dealbata + Eichhornia crassipes had high removal rates of COD, which was 35.5% and 31.2%,respectively. The removal rate of TP was high under Oenanthe javanica+ Sagittaria+ Canna indica+ Eichhornia crassipes, Canna indica+ Thalia dealbata+ Eichhornia crassipes, which was 81.6% and 77.3%, respectively.N was high under Oenanthe javanica + Sagittaria + Canna indica + Eichhornia crassipes, Eichhornia crassipes+ Thalia dealbata+ Canna indica+ Oenanthe javanica, which was 55.4% and53.9%, respectively. The mixed plant-type ecological floating island has a significant purifying effect on rural rivers.
The objective is to screen the ecological floating island planting model that has a good purifying effect on the rivers in rural Handan. Under static conditions, we selected Eichhornia crassipes, Thalia dealbata,Canna indica, Sagittaria and Oenanthe javanica as the test plants, and compared the removal efficiency of COD, TP, NH4+-N and other pollutants in water by five combinations of the plants. After 38 days of testing, the results showed that: Oenanthe javanica + Sagittaria + Canna indica + Eichhornia crassipes, Canna indica +Thalia dealbata + Eichhornia crassipes had high removal rates of COD, which was 35.5% and 31.2%,respectively. The removal rate of TP was high under Oenanthe javanica+ Sagittaria+ Canna indica+ Eichhornia crassipes, Canna indica+ Thalia dealbata+ Eichhornia crassipes, which was 81.6% and 77.3%, respectively.N was high under Oenanthe javanica + Sagittaria + Canna indica + Eichhornia crassipes, Eichhornia crassipes+ Thalia dealbata+ Canna indica+ Oenanthe javanica, which was 55.4% and53.9%, respectively. The mixed plant-type ecological floating island has a significant purifying effect on rural rivers.
引文
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[23]高岩,易能,张志勇,等.凤眼莲对富营养化水体硝化、反硝化脱氮释放N2O的影响[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):349-359.
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[26]张迎颖,吴富勤,张志勇,等.凤眼莲有性繁殖与种子结构及其活力研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(1):135-138.
[27]白峰青,郑丙辉,田自强.水生植物在水污染控制中的生态效应[J].环境科学与技术,2004(4):99-100,110-120.
[28]李希.混合植物型人工浮岛对生活污水的生态修复[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009:20-32.
[29]夏汉平.人工湿地处理污水的机理与效率[J].生态学杂志,2002(4):52-59.
[2] Islam M S, Ahmed M K, Raknuzzaman M, et al. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment:a preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country[J]. Ecol Indic,2015,48:282-291.
[3] Huo T, Lu G, Wang Y, et al. A study on impact of livestock and poultry breeding pollution on water environment safety in Shandong Province[J]. Adv Water Resour Hydraul Eng,2009,6:525-530.
[4]李海燕.生态浮床对富营养化养殖池塘水体净化的研究[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(21):152-157,162.
[5]刘晓丹,李军,龚一富,等.5种水培植物对富营养化水体的净化能力[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(7):2607-2612.
[6]徐得潜,夏鲲鹏.乡村河道生态修复技术评价与选择[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(6):184-188.
[7]吴林林.黑臭河道净化试验研究及综合治理工程应用[D].上海:华东师范大学,2007:30-41.
[8]韩黎.生态河道治理模式及其评价方法研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2010:27-28.
[9] Cui Baoshan. Evaluating the ecological performance of wetland restoration in the Yellow River Delta, China[J]. Ecological Engineering,2009,35(7):1090-1103.
[10]陈荷生,宋祥甫,邹国燕.利用生态浮床技术治理污染水体[J].中国水利,2005(5):50-53.
[11]唐林森,陈进,黄茁.人工生物浮岛在富营养化水体治理中的应用[J].长江科学院院报,2008(1):21-24,39.
[12]罗固源,郑剑锋,许晓毅,等.4种浮床栽培植物生长特性及吸收氮磷能力的比较[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(2):285-290.
[13]武琳慈,吴林林,黄民生,等.人工浮床及其在污染水体治理中应用进展[J].净水技术,2006,25(4):8-9.
[14]方云英,杨肖娥,常会庆,等.利用水生植物原位修复污染水体[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):407-412.
[15]蔡鲁祥.生态浮岛复合技术净化黑臭河道废水的实验研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(12):17-21.
[16]刘浏,蔡敏,王旭东.生态浮岛应用于黑臭河道的水质改善研究[J].污染防治技术,2017,30(2):28-31.
[17]王技.生态浮岛技术在天福庙水库水生态修复中的应用[J].低碳世界,2017(33):22-23.
[18]唐艺璇.杭州市富营养化河道生态浮岛修复的植物选择与示范[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011:31-33.
[19] Zhao Fengliang. Purifying eutrophic river waters with integrated floating island systems[J]. Ecological Engineering,2012,40(3):53-60.
[20]刘小容.生态浮床在污水水质改善中的技术研究与示范[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2014:25-30.
[21]中华人民共和国环境保护部.水与废水监测分析方法编委会.水与废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[22]徐红灯,席北斗,王京刚,等.水生植物对农田排水沟渠中氮、磷的截留效应[J].环境科学研究,2007(2):84-88.
[23]高岩,易能,张志勇,等.凤眼莲对富营养化水体硝化、反硝化脱氮释放N2O的影响[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):349-359.
[24] Nguyen Long M. Organic matter composition, microbial biomass and microbial activity in gravel-bed constructed wetlands treating farm dairy wastewaters[J]. Ecological Engineering,2000,16(2):199-221.
[25]张芳,易能,张振华,等.不同类型水生植物对富营养化水体氮转化及环境因素的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(5):1045-1052.
[26]张迎颖,吴富勤,张志勇,等.凤眼莲有性繁殖与种子结构及其活力研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(1):135-138.
[27]白峰青,郑丙辉,田自强.水生植物在水污染控制中的生态效应[J].环境科学与技术,2004(4):99-100,110-120.
[28]李希.混合植物型人工浮岛对生活污水的生态修复[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009:20-32.
[29]夏汉平.人工湿地处理污水的机理与效率[J].生态学杂志,2002(4):52-59.