2种辉蝽的精巢和染色体研究(半翅目:蝽科)
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摘要
通过探讨中国蝽科Pentatomidae辉蝽属Carbula的红角辉蝽Carbula crassiventris(Dallas,1849)和北方辉蝽C.putoni(Jakovlev,1876)的精巢形态和染色体的核型及减数分裂行为,为蝽科昆虫的细胞分类学提供新资料。采用显微形态解剖法和染色体制片法对其精巢和染色体进行观察。结果表明:2种精巢的位置、外被颜色、形状及精巢叶的数目都一致;染色体组成均为2n(♂)=14(12A+XY),具有X-Y性别决定机制。在减数分裂过程中,常染色体前减数分裂,性染色体后减数分裂且无交叉;在中期-Ⅱ,常染色体排列成环状而性染色体在环中央形成假二价体。但是,2个物种在弥散期常染色体的去固缩程度,终变期常染色体双交叉的个数及中期-Ⅰ常染色体和性染色体的排列方式都各不相同。本文证实了蝽科昆虫的减数分裂行为在不同属间、种间可不相同,而且具有一定的属、种间特异性;同时为精巢在蝽类昆虫分类中的作用提供新的资料。
In order to provide some useful clues for the study of pentatomid taxonomy,the testes,karyotypes and meiotic characteristics of two Carbula species in Pentatomidae( C. crassiventris and C. putoni) were studied. The chromosomal and testicular morphology were observed by using conventional preparation. The two species showed the same location of testicles,pigmentation of the peritoneal sheath,shape and number of testicular lobes. And they also showed typical karyotype of Pentatomidae( 2n = 14 = 12 A + XY) and X-Y sex chromosomal mechanism. During the process of meiosis,the autosomes divided pre-reductionally,the sex chromosomes divided post-reductionally and were achiasmatic,and at metaphase-Ⅱ the autosomes showed a ring-shaped configuration with the pseudobivalent at the center. However,the two species differed in the extent of decondensation of the autosomes during the diffuse stage,the number of ring bivalents at diakinesis,behaviors of autosomes,and sex chromosome during metaphase-Ⅰ. In conclusion,the meiotic characteristics of Pentatomidae may not be always consistent in different genera and species,or even in congeneric species,and this may also contribute to the roles of testes in the classification of bugs.
In order to provide some useful clues for the study of pentatomid taxonomy,the testes,karyotypes and meiotic characteristics of two Carbula species in Pentatomidae( C. crassiventris and C. putoni) were studied. The chromosomal and testicular morphology were observed by using conventional preparation. The two species showed the same location of testicles,pigmentation of the peritoneal sheath,shape and number of testicular lobes. And they also showed typical karyotype of Pentatomidae( 2n = 14 = 12 A + XY) and X-Y sex chromosomal mechanism. During the process of meiosis,the autosomes divided pre-reductionally,the sex chromosomes divided post-reductionally and were achiasmatic,and at metaphase-Ⅱ the autosomes showed a ring-shaped configuration with the pseudobivalent at the center. However,the two species differed in the extent of decondensation of the autosomes during the diffuse stage,the number of ring bivalents at diakinesis,behaviors of autosomes,and sex chromosome during metaphase-Ⅰ. In conclusion,the meiotic characteristics of Pentatomidae may not be always consistent in different genera and species,or even in congeneric species,and this may also contribute to the roles of testes in the classification of bugs.
引文
张虎芳,郑乐怡.1998.半翅目昆虫染色体研究进展[J].昆虫知识,35(4):243-246.
张虎芳,郑乐怡.2001a.五种蝽科昆虫的细胞分类学研究(半翅目:异翅亚目)[J].昆虫分类学报,23(4):265-276.
张虎芳,郑乐怡.2001b.六种蝽象的染色体研究(半翅目:蝽科)[J].昆虫学报,44(2):129-134.
张晓红,李敏,张虎芳.2013.缘蝽总科4种雄性昆虫减数分裂期染色体形态分析(半翅目:缘蝽总科)[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),41(4):169-177.
张晓红,张虎芳.2012.蝽科昆虫精巢形态及其反映的属种间亲缘关系[J].动物分类学报,37(4):712-717.
张晓红,张虎芳.2013.缘蝽总科昆虫精巢形态[J].四川动物,32(2):219-223.
Bressa MJ,Fumagalli E,Ituarte S,et al.2002.Meiotic studies in Dysdercus Guérin Méneville 1831(Heteroptera:Pyrrhocoridae).Ⅱ.Evidence onvariations of the diffuse stage between wild and laboratory-inbred populations of Dysdercus chaquency Freiberg,1948[J].Hereditas,137:125-131.
Dey SK,Wangdi T.1988.Chromosome number and sex chromosome system in forty-four species of Heteroptera[J].Chromosome Information Service,45:5-8.
Grozeva S,Kuznetsova VG.1992.The reproductive system of some bug families(Heteroptera,Pentatomomorpha)[M].Advances in Regulation of Insect Reproduction:97-102.
Kaur H,Semahagn BK.2010.Meiotic behavior of chromosomes in three predator species of the subfamily Asopinae(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)[J].Comparative Cytogenetics,4(2):133-139.
Kaur H,Sharma K.2015.First report on meiotic behavior of chromosomes in three species of subfamily Pentatominae(Pentatomidae:Heteroptera)[J].Zootaxa,3920(2):393-400.
Lanzone C,Souza M.2006.Chromosome complement and meiosis in three species of the Neotropical bug genus Antiteuchus(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae:Discocephalinae)[J].Genetics and Molecular Biology,103:239-243.
Manna GK.1951.A study of chromosomes during meiosis in forty-three species of Indian Heteroptera[J].Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,Bengal,4:1-116.
Mittal OP,Joseph L.1981.Chromosome number and sex mechanism in twenty eight species of Indian pentatomid bugs[J].Chromosome Information Service,30:6-7.
Nuamah KA.1982.Karyotypes of some Ghanian shield bugs and the higher systematics of the Pentatomidae(Hemiptera,Heteroptera)[J].Insect Science Application,3:9-28.
Papeschi AG,Bressa MJ.2006.Evolutionary cytogenetics in Heteroptera[J].Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research,5:3-21.
Parshad R.1957.Cytological studies in HeteropteraⅢ.A comparative study of the chromosomes in the male germ-cell of eleven species of the subfamily Pentatominae[J].Research Bulletin of Panjab University,122:401-420.
Rebagliati PJ,Mola LM,Papeschi AG,et al.2005.Cytogenetic studies in Pentatomidae(Heteroptera):a review[J].Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research,43:199-213.
Rebagliati PJ,Mola LM,Papeschi AG.2001.Karyotype and meiotic behaviour of the holokinetic chromosomes of six Argentine species of Pentatomidae(Heteroptera)[J].Caryologia,54:339-347.
Rebagliati PJ,Mola LM.2010.Meiotic behavior and karyotype variation in Aclerda(Pentatomidae,Heteroptera)[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,9(2):739-749.
Satapathy SN,Patnaik SC.1988.Chromosomal studies in seven species of family Pentatomidae(Heteroptera)[J].Caryologia,41(1):49-60.
Souza HV,Arakaki RLM,Dias LN,et al.2007a.Cytogenetical aspects of testicular cells in economically important species of Coreidae family(Heteroptera)[J].Cytologia,72:49-56.
Souza HV,Bicudo HEMC,Costa LAA,et al.2007b.A study of meiosis and spermatogenesis in different testicular lobes of Antiteuchus tripterus(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)[J].European Journal of Entomology,104:353-362.
Souza HV,Castanhole MMU,Castanhole HEM,et al.2008.Morphological patterns of the heteropycnotic chromatin and nucleolar material in meiosis and spermiogenesis of some Pentatomidae(Heteroptera)[J].Genetics and Molecular Biology,31:686-691.
Souza HV,Castanhole MMU,Gomes MO,et al.2014.Meiotic behavior of 18 species from eight families of terrestrial Heteroptera[J].Journal of Insect Science,14(149):1-8.
Souza HV,Itoyama MM.2011.Comparative analysis of heteropyknotic chromatin and silver-stained material in Platycarenus umbractulatus(Pentatomidae:Discocephalinae)[J].Journal of Reproduction and Development,55:65-72.
Souza HV,Murakami AS,Moura J,et al.2011.Comparative analysis of the testes and spermatogenesis in species of the family Pentatomidae(Heteroptera)[J].European Journal of Entomology,108:333-345.
Souza HV,Souza FB,Maruyama SRC,et al.2009.Meiosis,spermatogenesis and nucleolar behavior in the seminiferous tubules of Alydidae,Coreidae and Rhopalidae(Heteroptera)species[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,8:1383-1396.
Yosida TH.1950.A chromosomal survey in twelve species of the Hemiptera[J].Coordinate Communication and Research Genetics,1:85-91.
Yosida TH.1956.Studies on the chromosomes of Coleoptera and Hemipteran insects with special regard to quantitative relationship between autosomes and sex chromosomes[M].Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Entomology,Montreal,2:979-989.
Zhang HF,Zheng LY.2002.Study on the karyotype of three species of genus Carbula(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)[J].Entomologia Sinica,9(2):59-67.
张虎芳,郑乐怡.2001a.五种蝽科昆虫的细胞分类学研究(半翅目:异翅亚目)[J].昆虫分类学报,23(4):265-276.
张虎芳,郑乐怡.2001b.六种蝽象的染色体研究(半翅目:蝽科)[J].昆虫学报,44(2):129-134.
张晓红,李敏,张虎芳.2013.缘蝽总科4种雄性昆虫减数分裂期染色体形态分析(半翅目:缘蝽总科)[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),41(4):169-177.
张晓红,张虎芳.2012.蝽科昆虫精巢形态及其反映的属种间亲缘关系[J].动物分类学报,37(4):712-717.
张晓红,张虎芳.2013.缘蝽总科昆虫精巢形态[J].四川动物,32(2):219-223.
Bressa MJ,Fumagalli E,Ituarte S,et al.2002.Meiotic studies in Dysdercus Guérin Méneville 1831(Heteroptera:Pyrrhocoridae).Ⅱ.Evidence onvariations of the diffuse stage between wild and laboratory-inbred populations of Dysdercus chaquency Freiberg,1948[J].Hereditas,137:125-131.
Dey SK,Wangdi T.1988.Chromosome number and sex chromosome system in forty-four species of Heteroptera[J].Chromosome Information Service,45:5-8.
Grozeva S,Kuznetsova VG.1992.The reproductive system of some bug families(Heteroptera,Pentatomomorpha)[M].Advances in Regulation of Insect Reproduction:97-102.
Kaur H,Semahagn BK.2010.Meiotic behavior of chromosomes in three predator species of the subfamily Asopinae(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)[J].Comparative Cytogenetics,4(2):133-139.
Kaur H,Sharma K.2015.First report on meiotic behavior of chromosomes in three species of subfamily Pentatominae(Pentatomidae:Heteroptera)[J].Zootaxa,3920(2):393-400.
Lanzone C,Souza M.2006.Chromosome complement and meiosis in three species of the Neotropical bug genus Antiteuchus(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae:Discocephalinae)[J].Genetics and Molecular Biology,103:239-243.
Manna GK.1951.A study of chromosomes during meiosis in forty-three species of Indian Heteroptera[J].Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,Bengal,4:1-116.
Mittal OP,Joseph L.1981.Chromosome number and sex mechanism in twenty eight species of Indian pentatomid bugs[J].Chromosome Information Service,30:6-7.
Nuamah KA.1982.Karyotypes of some Ghanian shield bugs and the higher systematics of the Pentatomidae(Hemiptera,Heteroptera)[J].Insect Science Application,3:9-28.
Papeschi AG,Bressa MJ.2006.Evolutionary cytogenetics in Heteroptera[J].Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research,5:3-21.
Parshad R.1957.Cytological studies in HeteropteraⅢ.A comparative study of the chromosomes in the male germ-cell of eleven species of the subfamily Pentatominae[J].Research Bulletin of Panjab University,122:401-420.
Rebagliati PJ,Mola LM,Papeschi AG,et al.2005.Cytogenetic studies in Pentatomidae(Heteroptera):a review[J].Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research,43:199-213.
Rebagliati PJ,Mola LM,Papeschi AG.2001.Karyotype and meiotic behaviour of the holokinetic chromosomes of six Argentine species of Pentatomidae(Heteroptera)[J].Caryologia,54:339-347.
Rebagliati PJ,Mola LM.2010.Meiotic behavior and karyotype variation in Aclerda(Pentatomidae,Heteroptera)[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,9(2):739-749.
Satapathy SN,Patnaik SC.1988.Chromosomal studies in seven species of family Pentatomidae(Heteroptera)[J].Caryologia,41(1):49-60.
Souza HV,Arakaki RLM,Dias LN,et al.2007a.Cytogenetical aspects of testicular cells in economically important species of Coreidae family(Heteroptera)[J].Cytologia,72:49-56.
Souza HV,Bicudo HEMC,Costa LAA,et al.2007b.A study of meiosis and spermatogenesis in different testicular lobes of Antiteuchus tripterus(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)[J].European Journal of Entomology,104:353-362.
Souza HV,Castanhole MMU,Castanhole HEM,et al.2008.Morphological patterns of the heteropycnotic chromatin and nucleolar material in meiosis and spermiogenesis of some Pentatomidae(Heteroptera)[J].Genetics and Molecular Biology,31:686-691.
Souza HV,Castanhole MMU,Gomes MO,et al.2014.Meiotic behavior of 18 species from eight families of terrestrial Heteroptera[J].Journal of Insect Science,14(149):1-8.
Souza HV,Itoyama MM.2011.Comparative analysis of heteropyknotic chromatin and silver-stained material in Platycarenus umbractulatus(Pentatomidae:Discocephalinae)[J].Journal of Reproduction and Development,55:65-72.
Souza HV,Murakami AS,Moura J,et al.2011.Comparative analysis of the testes and spermatogenesis in species of the family Pentatomidae(Heteroptera)[J].European Journal of Entomology,108:333-345.
Souza HV,Souza FB,Maruyama SRC,et al.2009.Meiosis,spermatogenesis and nucleolar behavior in the seminiferous tubules of Alydidae,Coreidae and Rhopalidae(Heteroptera)species[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,8:1383-1396.
Yosida TH.1950.A chromosomal survey in twelve species of the Hemiptera[J].Coordinate Communication and Research Genetics,1:85-91.
Yosida TH.1956.Studies on the chromosomes of Coleoptera and Hemipteran insects with special regard to quantitative relationship between autosomes and sex chromosomes[M].Proceedings of 10th International Congress on Entomology,Montreal,2:979-989.
Zhang HF,Zheng LY.2002.Study on the karyotype of three species of genus Carbula(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)[J].Entomologia Sinica,9(2):59-67.