身管线膛精密径向锻造的锻透性分析
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摘要
身管内膛加工质量是保证身管武器射击精度的重要因素,为了提高身管内膛加工质量,利用有限元模拟方法研究身管内膛线膛部位的锻透性,并建立线膛锻透成形极限图。以5. 8mm口径线膛身管为研究对象,应用有限元软件Abaqus,建立了身管径向锻造三维有限元模型,分析了膛线成形中应力与应变的变化规律。结合内膛锻不透缺陷的表现形式,建立了以径向和周向塑性应变为表征的身管内膛膛线锻透的判断准则,即阳线上各点周向塑性应变变化率为0和径向塑性应变小于0.根据判断准则,得到以锻造比及毛坯径比为表征的身管锻透极限图,并通过试验验证了锻透极限图的准确性。试验结果表明:模拟的毛坯外径与内径比为3. 7时锻透的锻造比极限值为21. 18%,在试验的未锻透与锻透的锻造比之间,证明了锻透判断准则和锻透极限图的合理性。
The precision forging technology of barrel rifling is an advanced manufacturing process,and the machining quality of barrel bore is an important factor to ensure the initial velocity and firing accuracy of barrel weapon. The defect of precision forging rifled bore is mainly that the material in therifling lands is not full. This state of the defect is commonly referred to as non-penetration. In the actual processing,it is difficult to detect the forging state of barrel. Therefore,it is of great significance to study the forging penetration of barrel and formulate the reasonable process parameters. The precision forging of 5. 8 mm rifled barrel is studied. A three-dimensional finite element model of radial forging of barrel is established by using the finite element software Abaqus. The contact status between bore and mandrel,contact normal stress,and variation of plastic strain of bore during the forging process are analyzed in detail. The criteria of forging penetration are established according to the expressive form of the unpenetrated defect.The criteria are that the change rate of the circumferential plasticity strain at each point on the rifling lands should be zero and the radial plasticity strain should be less than zero. According to the judging criteria,the forging limit diagram of barrel characterized by the forging ratio and diameter ratio of blank is obtained,and the accuracy of the limit diagram is verified through experiment. The test results show that the proposed judging criteria can be used to study the penetration of barrel.
The precision forging technology of barrel rifling is an advanced manufacturing process,and the machining quality of barrel bore is an important factor to ensure the initial velocity and firing accuracy of barrel weapon. The defect of precision forging rifled bore is mainly that the material in therifling lands is not full. This state of the defect is commonly referred to as non-penetration. In the actual processing,it is difficult to detect the forging state of barrel. Therefore,it is of great significance to study the forging penetration of barrel and formulate the reasonable process parameters. The precision forging of 5. 8 mm rifled barrel is studied. A three-dimensional finite element model of radial forging of barrel is established by using the finite element software Abaqus. The contact status between bore and mandrel,contact normal stress,and variation of plastic strain of bore during the forging process are analyzed in detail. The criteria of forging penetration are established according to the expressive form of the unpenetrated defect.The criteria are that the change rate of the circumferential plasticity strain at each point on the rifling lands should be zero and the radial plasticity strain should be less than zero. According to the judging criteria,the forging limit diagram of barrel characterized by the forging ratio and diameter ratio of blank is obtained,and the accuracy of the limit diagram is verified through experiment. The test results show that the proposed judging criteria can be used to study the penetration of barrel.
引文
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[6]樊黎霞,王贺,王志刚.身管膛线精锻成形金属流动与变形分析[J].精密成形工程,2013,5(1):20-24.FAN L X,WANG H,WANG Z G. Analysis of metal flow in radial forging process for barrel rifling[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2013,5(1):20-24.(in Chinese)
[7]樊黎霞,赵轲,董雪花.身管径向精密锻造的塑性应变分析与锻造比研究[J].精密成形工程,2014,6(1):1-8.FAN L X,ZHAO K,DONG X H. Plastic strain analysis and forging ratio study of precision forging of barrel[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2014,6(1):1-8.(in Chinese)
[8] WU Y J,DONG X H,YU Q. Upper bound analysis of axial metal flow inhomogeneity in radial forging process[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2015,93:102-110.(in Chinese)
[9]高斌,李强.身管径向锻造材料流动的仿真分析[J].锻压技术,2015,40(11):155-158.GAO B,LI Q. Simulation analysis of the flow of radial forging material in the gun barrel[J]. Forging Technology,2015,40(11):155-158.(in Chinese)
[10]秦敏,李继光,房娃,等.空心车轴径向锻造工艺的模拟研究[J].太原科技大学学报,2008,29(5):373-376.QIN M,LI J G,FANG W,et al. Simulation study of hollow axle[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,2008,29(5):373-376.(in Chinese)
[11] ZHOU X D,LIU X R,XING J B. Forging penetration efficiency of steel H13 stepped shaft radial forging with GFM forging machine[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Science,2012,17(3):315-318.
[12]董节功,周旭东,朱锦洪,等.径向锻造三维成形锻透性的数值模拟[J].机械工程材料,2007,31(3):76-78.DONG J G,ZHOU X D,ZHU J H,et al. FEM simulation of forging penetration efficiency of radial forging in 3D[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2007,31(3):76-78.(in Chinese)
[13]王玉凤,李付国,谢汉芳,等.钼金属径向精锻工艺的数值模拟[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2009,38(12):2136-2140.WANG Y F,LI F G,XIE H F,et al. Numerical simulation of molybdenum metal radial precision forg ing process[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2009,38(12):2136-2140.(in Chinese)
[14]栾谦聪,董湘怀,吴云剑.径向锻造工艺参数对锻透性的影响[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(22):3098-3103.LUAN Q C,DONG X H,WU Y J. Effects of radial process parameters on forging permealility[J]. China Mechanical Engineering,2014,25(22):3098-3103.(in Chinese)
[15]李汉,周旭东.径向锻造中锤头对锻透性的影响[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(5):138-141.LI H,ZHOU X D. Effect of hammerhead on forging permeability in radial forging[J]. Thermal Processing Process, 2014,43(5):138-141.(in Chinese)
[2]田文松,罗荣,代安源.枪管径向冷精锻成形技术的应用研究[J].精密成形工程,2009,1(3):58-62.TIAN W S,LUO R,DAI A Y. Application study of barrel cold forging technology[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2009,1(3):58-62.(in Chinese)
[3] CHEN J,CHANDRASHEKHARA K,RICHARDS V L,et al.Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of hot radial forging process for large diameter tubes[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes,2010(25):669-678.
[4] GHAEI A,MOVAHHEDY M R. Die design for the radial dforging process using 3D FEM[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2007,182(1):534-539.
[5]樊黎霞,刘力力,刘庆东,等.身管线膛精锻加工过程的数值分析[J].兵工学报,2009,30(8):1098-1102.FAN L X,LIU L L,LIU Q D,et al. The numerical simulation of the precision radial forging processing of the gun barrel[J]. Acta Armamentarii,2009,30(8):1098-1102.(in Chinese)
[6]樊黎霞,王贺,王志刚.身管膛线精锻成形金属流动与变形分析[J].精密成形工程,2013,5(1):20-24.FAN L X,WANG H,WANG Z G. Analysis of metal flow in radial forging process for barrel rifling[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2013,5(1):20-24.(in Chinese)
[7]樊黎霞,赵轲,董雪花.身管径向精密锻造的塑性应变分析与锻造比研究[J].精密成形工程,2014,6(1):1-8.FAN L X,ZHAO K,DONG X H. Plastic strain analysis and forging ratio study of precision forging of barrel[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering,2014,6(1):1-8.(in Chinese)
[8] WU Y J,DONG X H,YU Q. Upper bound analysis of axial metal flow inhomogeneity in radial forging process[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2015,93:102-110.(in Chinese)
[9]高斌,李强.身管径向锻造材料流动的仿真分析[J].锻压技术,2015,40(11):155-158.GAO B,LI Q. Simulation analysis of the flow of radial forging material in the gun barrel[J]. Forging Technology,2015,40(11):155-158.(in Chinese)
[10]秦敏,李继光,房娃,等.空心车轴径向锻造工艺的模拟研究[J].太原科技大学学报,2008,29(5):373-376.QIN M,LI J G,FANG W,et al. Simulation study of hollow axle[J]. Journal of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,2008,29(5):373-376.(in Chinese)
[11] ZHOU X D,LIU X R,XING J B. Forging penetration efficiency of steel H13 stepped shaft radial forging with GFM forging machine[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Science,2012,17(3):315-318.
[12]董节功,周旭东,朱锦洪,等.径向锻造三维成形锻透性的数值模拟[J].机械工程材料,2007,31(3):76-78.DONG J G,ZHOU X D,ZHU J H,et al. FEM simulation of forging penetration efficiency of radial forging in 3D[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2007,31(3):76-78.(in Chinese)
[13]王玉凤,李付国,谢汉芳,等.钼金属径向精锻工艺的数值模拟[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2009,38(12):2136-2140.WANG Y F,LI F G,XIE H F,et al. Numerical simulation of molybdenum metal radial precision forg ing process[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2009,38(12):2136-2140.(in Chinese)
[14]栾谦聪,董湘怀,吴云剑.径向锻造工艺参数对锻透性的影响[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(22):3098-3103.LUAN Q C,DONG X H,WU Y J. Effects of radial process parameters on forging permealility[J]. China Mechanical Engineering,2014,25(22):3098-3103.(in Chinese)
[15]李汉,周旭东.径向锻造中锤头对锻透性的影响[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(5):138-141.LI H,ZHOU X D. Effect of hammerhead on forging permeability in radial forging[J]. Thermal Processing Process, 2014,43(5):138-141.(in Chinese)