祁连山青海云杉林土壤理化性质和酶活性海拔分布特征
|
摘要
选取祁连山排露沟流域海拔2 900～3 300 m的青海云杉林为研究对象,通过野外采样和室内分析,研究了不同海拔梯度青海云杉林土壤理化性质和酶活性的分布特征,并探讨二者之间的关系。结果表明:(1)随着海拔的升高,土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、速效钾含量逐渐增大;而土壤容重、pH、全钾含量逐渐减小;土壤全磷含量先减小后增大,速效磷含量没有明显的变化规律。(2)随着海拔的升高,土壤蔗糖酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性总体上呈增强趋势;脲酶活性总体上呈先减弱后增强趋势,蛋白酶活性变化幅度较小且差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)土壤酶活性和土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾等密切相关,其中蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶与土壤全氮、全钾、速效钾具有显著相关性(P<0.05)。(4)4种土壤酶活性间呈显著或极显著相关,酶促反应具专一性和共同性特点。
This study selected Picea crassifolia forest which lived at altitudes of 2 900～3 000 m in pailugou catchment of Qilian Mountains as objects. By field investigation and laboratory analysis, the distribution characteristics of soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities along the altitudinal gradients were studied. The relationships between soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities were also analyzed. The results showed that:(1) With the increased altitudes, soil water contents, as well organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium contents increased gradually; but soil bulk densities, pH values and total potassium contents decreased gradually; total phosphorus contents decreased at first and then increased, available phosphorus contents had not significant variation.(2) With the increased altitudes, the activities of invertase and alkaline phosphatase showed an increasing trend generally, the activities of urease decreased at first and then increased generally, and the activities of protease changed a little and had no significant difference(P>0.05).(3) Soil enzyme activities were closely related to soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, among which sucrase, urease and protease activities were significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen, total potassium and available potassium contents(P<0.05).(4) There existed significantly correlations among four enzyme activities, indicating that enzymatic reaction had specificity and commonality.
This study selected Picea crassifolia forest which lived at altitudes of 2 900～3 000 m in pailugou catchment of Qilian Mountains as objects. By field investigation and laboratory analysis, the distribution characteristics of soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities along the altitudinal gradients were studied. The relationships between soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities were also analyzed. The results showed that:(1) With the increased altitudes, soil water contents, as well organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium contents increased gradually; but soil bulk densities, pH values and total potassium contents decreased gradually; total phosphorus contents decreased at first and then increased, available phosphorus contents had not significant variation.(2) With the increased altitudes, the activities of invertase and alkaline phosphatase showed an increasing trend generally, the activities of urease decreased at first and then increased generally, and the activities of protease changed a little and had no significant difference(P>0.05).(3) Soil enzyme activities were closely related to soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, among which sucrase, urease and protease activities were significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen, total potassium and available potassium contents(P<0.05).(4) There existed significantly correlations among four enzyme activities, indicating that enzymatic reaction had specificity and commonality.
引文
[1] 何容,汪家社,施政,等.武夷山植被带土壤微生物量沿海拔梯度的变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):5138-5144.
[2] Fierer N, McCain C M,Meir P, et al. Microbes do not follow the elevational diversity patterns of plants and animals[J].Ecology,2011,92(4):797-804.
[3] 曹瑞,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.海拔对高山峡谷区土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1257-1264.
[4] 王冰冰,曲来叶,马克明,等.岷江上游干旱河谷优势灌丛群落土壤生态酶化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):6078-6088.
[5] 杨瑞,刘帅,王紫泉,等.秦岭山脉典型林分土壤酶活性与土壤养分关系的探讨[J].土壤学报,2016,53(4):1037-1046.
[6] 熊莉,徐振锋,吴福忠,等.雪被斑块对川西亚高山冷杉林土壤氮转化酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1293-1299.
[7] 陈双林,郭子武,杨清平.毛竹林土壤酶活性变化的海拔效应[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):529-533.
[8] 斯贵才,王建,夏燕青,等.念青唐古拉山沼泽土壤微生物群落和酶活性随海拔变化特征[J].湿地科学,2014,12(3):340-348.
[9] 袁启凤,解璞,黄静,等.云南不同海拔高度对杜鹃土壤酶活性与土壤养分的影响[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(12):2363-2367.
[10] 金裕华,汪家社,李黎光,等.武夷山不同海拔典型植被带土壤酶活性特征[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(9):1955-1961.
[11] 陈志芳,刘金福,吴则焰.戴云山不同海拔森林类型土壤理化性质与酶活性研究[J].河南科技学院学报,2014,42(2):10-14.
[12] 刘贤德,赵维俊,张学龙,等.祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林土壤养分和PH变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(6):1013-1020.
[13] 车宗玺,刘贤德,车宗奇,等.祁连山青海云杉林土壤有机质及氮素的空间分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):164-169.
[14] 赵维俊,刘贤德,徐丽恒,等.祁连山青海云杉林动态监测样地土壤pH和养分的空间异质性[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(6):1179-1189.
[15] 牛赟,刘贤德,苗毓鑫,等.祁连山大野口流域土壤水热空间变化特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(5):1353-1360.
[16] 张平,刘贤德,车宗玺,等.祁连山青海云杉林土壤养分异质性分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(4):594-598.
[17] 王涛,高峰,王宝,等.祁连山生态保护与修复的现状问题与建议[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(2):229-234.
[18] 张立杰,赵文智,何志斌,等.祁连山典型小流域降水特征及其对径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(5):776-777.
[19] 刘鹄,赵文智,何志斌,等.祁连山浅山区不同植被类型土壤水分时间异质性[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2390-2391.
[20] 李莎.祁连山青海云杉林土壤温湿度变化特征分析[J].防护林科技,2016(1):10-12.
[21] 张万儒,许本彤.森林土壤分析方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[22] 中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[23] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.
[24] 邱扬,傅伯杰,王军等.土壤水分时空变异及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):100-107.
[25] 李晓佳.大青山南北坡不同海拔高度表土理化性质研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2008.
[26] 许文强,张豫芳,陈曦,等.天山北坡山地针叶林土壤性质随海拔梯度的变化特征[C].中国山区土地资源开发利用与人地协调发展研究,北京:中国自然资源学会,2010:397-401.
[27] 张涛,车克钧,王辉.祁连山青海云杉林不同海拔梯度上土壤水分动态变化[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(5):1107-1111.
[28] 胡宗达,刘世荣,史作民,等.川滇高山栎林土壤氮素和微生物量碳氮随海拔变化的特征[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(3):261-268.
[29] 李建平,姚机芳,刘世全,等.西藏自治区土壤资源[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[30] 李海云,张建贵,姚拓,等.退化高寒草地土壤养分、酶活性及生态化学计量特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):287-295.
[31] 宋贤冲,陈晓鸣,郭丽梅,等.猫儿山不同海拔典型植被带土壤酶活性变化特征[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(12):3545-3551.
[32] Lipson D A. Relationships between temperature responses and bacterial community structure along seasonal and altitudinal gradients[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2007,59(2):418-427.
[33] 李彦娇,赵燕,王立民,等.内乡宝天曼自然保护区土壤理化性质和酶活性的海拔特征研究[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2016,29(4):560-566.
[2] Fierer N, McCain C M,Meir P, et al. Microbes do not follow the elevational diversity patterns of plants and animals[J].Ecology,2011,92(4):797-804.
[3] 曹瑞,吴福忠,杨万勤,等.海拔对高山峡谷区土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1257-1264.
[4] 王冰冰,曲来叶,马克明,等.岷江上游干旱河谷优势灌丛群落土壤生态酶化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):6078-6088.
[5] 杨瑞,刘帅,王紫泉,等.秦岭山脉典型林分土壤酶活性与土壤养分关系的探讨[J].土壤学报,2016,53(4):1037-1046.
[6] 熊莉,徐振锋,吴福忠,等.雪被斑块对川西亚高山冷杉林土壤氮转化酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(5):1293-1299.
[7] 陈双林,郭子武,杨清平.毛竹林土壤酶活性变化的海拔效应[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):529-533.
[8] 斯贵才,王建,夏燕青,等.念青唐古拉山沼泽土壤微生物群落和酶活性随海拔变化特征[J].湿地科学,2014,12(3):340-348.
[9] 袁启凤,解璞,黄静,等.云南不同海拔高度对杜鹃土壤酶活性与土壤养分的影响[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(12):2363-2367.
[10] 金裕华,汪家社,李黎光,等.武夷山不同海拔典型植被带土壤酶活性特征[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(9):1955-1961.
[11] 陈志芳,刘金福,吴则焰.戴云山不同海拔森林类型土壤理化性质与酶活性研究[J].河南科技学院学报,2014,42(2):10-14.
[12] 刘贤德,赵维俊,张学龙,等.祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林土壤养分和PH变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(6):1013-1020.
[13] 车宗玺,刘贤德,车宗奇,等.祁连山青海云杉林土壤有机质及氮素的空间分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(5):164-169.
[14] 赵维俊,刘贤德,徐丽恒,等.祁连山青海云杉林动态监测样地土壤pH和养分的空间异质性[J].干旱区地理,2015,38(6):1179-1189.
[15] 牛赟,刘贤德,苗毓鑫,等.祁连山大野口流域土壤水热空间变化特征研究[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(5):1353-1360.
[16] 张平,刘贤德,车宗玺,等.祁连山青海云杉林土壤养分异质性分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(4):594-598.
[17] 王涛,高峰,王宝,等.祁连山生态保护与修复的现状问题与建议[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(2):229-234.
[18] 张立杰,赵文智,何志斌,等.祁连山典型小流域降水特征及其对径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(5):776-777.
[19] 刘鹄,赵文智,何志斌,等.祁连山浅山区不同植被类型土壤水分时间异质性[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2390-2391.
[20] 李莎.祁连山青海云杉林土壤温湿度变化特征分析[J].防护林科技,2016(1):10-12.
[21] 张万儒,许本彤.森林土壤分析方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[22] 中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999.
[23] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1987.
[24] 邱扬,傅伯杰,王军等.土壤水分时空变异及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):100-107.
[25] 李晓佳.大青山南北坡不同海拔高度表土理化性质研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2008.
[26] 许文强,张豫芳,陈曦,等.天山北坡山地针叶林土壤性质随海拔梯度的变化特征[C].中国山区土地资源开发利用与人地协调发展研究,北京:中国自然资源学会,2010:397-401.
[27] 张涛,车克钧,王辉.祁连山青海云杉林不同海拔梯度上土壤水分动态变化[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(5):1107-1111.
[28] 胡宗达,刘世荣,史作民,等.川滇高山栎林土壤氮素和微生物量碳氮随海拔变化的特征[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(3):261-268.
[29] 李建平,姚机芳,刘世全,等.西藏自治区土壤资源[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[30] 李海云,张建贵,姚拓,等.退化高寒草地土壤养分、酶活性及生态化学计量特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):287-295.
[31] 宋贤冲,陈晓鸣,郭丽梅,等.猫儿山不同海拔典型植被带土壤酶活性变化特征[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(12):3545-3551.
[32] Lipson D A. Relationships between temperature responses and bacterial community structure along seasonal and altitudinal gradients[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2007,59(2):418-427.
[33] 李彦娇,赵燕,王立民,等.内乡宝天曼自然保护区土壤理化性质和酶活性的海拔特征研究[J].信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2016,29(4):560-566.