水轮发电机调速系统对超低频振荡的影响及模型适用性分析
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摘要
水电高占比电力系统普遍存在与调速系统相关的超低频振荡风险,而水电原动机复杂的非线性使得此类电网中调速参数的整定缺乏充分的依据。论文建立了调速系统的传递函数模型,从相频特性分析论证了调速系统对超低频振荡的影响机理。通过研究不同负荷和工作水头下原动机相频特性变化规律,提出低水头、高负荷运行工况是适合开展频率稳定分析的保守工况。结合藏中电网频率振荡实例,基于保守工况下的原动机简化模型,对相关机组调速参数开展稳定性分析和优化整定。三年来的运行实践表明,优化后的调速参数较好地解决了藏中电网超低频振荡问题。该文的研究对类似电网调速参数的整定具有参考意义。
The risks of extra-low frequency oscillation related to hydro-electric governor system commonly exit in power grid with high proportion hydropower. Due to the complicated nonlinearity of hydro-electric prime motor, the parameter tuning of governor system lacks of sufficient guidelines. This paper demonstrated the effect mechanism on extra-low frequency oscillation caused by hydro generator governor system by establishing transfer function model of governor system and analyzing the phase-frequency characteristics. The characteristic variations of prime motor phase-frequency under different loads and working water heads were studied, finding that operation condition in low water head and high load was the appropriate conservative-condition for frequency stability analysis. Based on the frequency oscillation accident in central Tibet grid, this paper tuned and optimized the governor system parameters adopting the simplified prime motor model in conservative-condition. The operation status in the past three years showed that the optimized parameters solved the problems of extra-low frequency oscillation in central Tibet grid. This study has directive significance for similar governor parameter tuning.
The risks of extra-low frequency oscillation related to hydro-electric governor system commonly exit in power grid with high proportion hydropower. Due to the complicated nonlinearity of hydro-electric prime motor, the parameter tuning of governor system lacks of sufficient guidelines. This paper demonstrated the effect mechanism on extra-low frequency oscillation caused by hydro generator governor system by establishing transfer function model of governor system and analyzing the phase-frequency characteristics. The characteristic variations of prime motor phase-frequency under different loads and working water heads were studied, finding that operation condition in low water head and high load was the appropriate conservative-condition for frequency stability analysis. Based on the frequency oscillation accident in central Tibet grid, this paper tuned and optimized the governor system parameters adopting the simplified prime motor model in conservative-condition. The operation status in the past three years showed that the optimized parameters solved the problems of extra-low frequency oscillation in central Tibet grid. This study has directive significance for similar governor parameter tuning.
引文
[1]唐戢群,刘昌玉,何雪松,等.水电机组孤网运行频率振荡及其抑制研究[J].水电能源科学,2016,34(4):131-134.Tang Jiqun,Liu Changyu,He Xuesong,et al.Frequency oscillation and suppression of hydropower unit in isolated grid[J].Water Resources and Power,2016,34(4):131-134(in Chinese).
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[3]邵彬.基于孤网下水轮机调速器参数自动切换方法的实现[J].水电与抽水蓄能,2010,34(6):16-19.Shao Bin.Implementation of hydro-turbine governor parameters automatic switch over method under orphaned power grid[J].Hydropower and Pumped Storage,2010,34(6):16-19(in Chinese).
[4]刘印.水轮机调速器超低频振荡仿真及其控制器的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.Liu Yin.Study on simulation and controller of extra-low frequency oscillation of turbine governor[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017(in Chinese).
[5]贺静波,张剑云,李明节,等.直流孤岛系统调速器稳定问题的频域分析与控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(16):137-143.He Jingbo,Zhang Jianyun,Li Mingjie,et al.Frequency domain analysis and control for governor stability problem in islanded HVDC sending systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(16):137-143(in Chinese).
[6]陈帝伊,郑栋,马孝义,等.混流式水轮机调节系统建模与非线性动力学分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(32):116-123.Chen Diyi,Zheng Dong,Ma Xiaoyi,et al.Nonlinear dynamical analysis and mathematical model of hydroturbine governing systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(32):116-123(in Chinese).
[7]何凤军,刘昌玉,刘肖,等.用于电力系统仿真的水电机组原动机模型适应性研究[J].水电能源科学,2017(2):165-169.He Fengjun,Liu Changyu,Liu Xiao,et al.Study on adaptability of hydropower unit prime motor model for power system simulation[J].Water Resources and Power,2017(2):165-169(in Chinese).
[8]高慧敏,刘宪林,徐政.水轮机详细模型对电力系统暂态稳定分析结果的影响[J].电网技术,2005,29(2):5-8.Gao Huimin,Liu Xianlin,Xu Zheng.Effect of detailed hydro turbine models on analysis results of power system transient stability[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(2):5-8(in Chinese).
[9]刘昌玉,何雪松,何凤军,等.水电机组原动机及其调节系统精细化建模[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):230-235.Liu Changyu,He Xuesong,He Fengjun.Refined modeling of hydraulic prime mover and its governing system for hydropower generation unit[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):230-235(in Chinese).
[10]Guo Wencheng,Yang Jiandong.Modeling and dynamic response control for primary frequency regulation of hydro-turbine governing system with surge tank[J].Renewable Energy,2018,121(6):173-187.
[11]聂勇文.基于协同控制理论的水轮发电机组调速系统控制研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.Nie Yongwen.Based on synergetic control theory of speed regulation system of hydraulic turbine generator unit control research[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2016(in Chinese).
[12]胡佳蕾.水轮机调节系统仿真平台开发与控制策略研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.Hu Jialei.The Development of simulation platform of hydro turbine governing system and study on control strategy[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[13]师彪,李郁侠,何常胜,等.水轮机智能调速系统数学模型仿真及参数辨识[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(4):10-15.Shi Biao,Li Yuxia,He Changsheng,et al.Hydraulic turbine intelligent governing system mathematical model and its parameters identification[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2010,30(4):10-15(in Chinese).
[14]王华强,石亚娟,王健波.神经网络模糊PID在水轮机调速系统中的应用[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,35(9):1187-1191.Wang Huaqiang,Shi Yajuan,Wang Jianbo.Application of neural network fuzzy PID in turbine governor system[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology:Natural Science,2012,35(9):1187-1191(in Chinese).
[15]岳雷,薛安成,徐飞阳,等.基于实测试验数据的水轮发电机调速器动态参数抗差分步辨识研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(11):3163-3171.Yue Lei,Xue Ancheng,Xu Feiyang,et al.A two-step robust parameter identification method for dynamic parameters of hydro generator governor based on field test data[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(11):3163-3171(in Chinese).
[16]Jiang Chuanwen,Ma Yuchao,Wang Chenmin.PIDcontroller parameters optimization of hydro-turbine governing systems using deterministic-chaotic-mutation evolutionary programming(DCMEP)[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2006,47(9):1222-1230.
[17]Oliveria E J,Honório L M,Anzai A H,et al.Optimal transient droop compensator and PID tuning for load frequency control in hydro power systems[J].International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2015,68(6):345-355.
[18]张丽,刘维东.基于改进粒子群算法的水轮机调速系统参数优化研究[J].大电机技术,2017(3):79-82.Zhang Li,Liu Weidong.Research on parameter optimization of hydraulic turbine governing system based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,2017(3):79-82(in Chinese).
[19]方红庆,陈龙,李训铭.基于线性与非线性模型的水轮机调速器PID参数优化比较[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(5):100-106.Fang Hongqing,Chen Long,Li Xunming.Comparisons of optimal tuning hydro turbine governor PID gains based on linear and nonlinear mathematical models[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(5):100-106(in Chinese).
[20]寇攀高,周建中,何耀耀,等.基于菌群-粒子群算法的水轮发电机组PID调速器参数优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(26):101-106.Kou Pangao,Zhou Jianzhong,He Yaoyao,et al.Optimal PID governor tuning of hydraulic turbine generators with bacterial foraging particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(26):101-106(in Chinese).
[21]唐正茂,马士虎,解德.基于外部存档的并行遗传算法在水轮机调速器参数优化中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):90-96.Tang Zhengmao,Ma Shihu,Xie De.Optimization of hydro-turbine governor parameters based on parallel genetic algorithm with exterior archive method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):90-96(in Chinese).
[22]Demello Francisco P.Concept of synchronous machine stability as affected by excitation control[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1969,88(4):316-329.
[2]蔡卫江,荣红.藏木电厂孤网事故分析及调速器控制策略研究[J].水电站机电技术,,2017,40(7):65-67.Cai Weijiang,Rong Hong.Research on isolated grid fault analysis and Gaovernor control strategy of Zangmu plant[J].Mechanical&Electrical Technique of Hydropower Station,2017,40(7):65-67(in Chinese).
[3]邵彬.基于孤网下水轮机调速器参数自动切换方法的实现[J].水电与抽水蓄能,2010,34(6):16-19.Shao Bin.Implementation of hydro-turbine governor parameters automatic switch over method under orphaned power grid[J].Hydropower and Pumped Storage,2010,34(6):16-19(in Chinese).
[4]刘印.水轮机调速器超低频振荡仿真及其控制器的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.Liu Yin.Study on simulation and controller of extra-low frequency oscillation of turbine governor[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017(in Chinese).
[5]贺静波,张剑云,李明节,等.直流孤岛系统调速器稳定问题的频域分析与控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(16):137-143.He Jingbo,Zhang Jianyun,Li Mingjie,et al.Frequency domain analysis and control for governor stability problem in islanded HVDC sending systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(16):137-143(in Chinese).
[6]陈帝伊,郑栋,马孝义,等.混流式水轮机调节系统建模与非线性动力学分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(32):116-123.Chen Diyi,Zheng Dong,Ma Xiaoyi,et al.Nonlinear dynamical analysis and mathematical model of hydroturbine governing systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(32):116-123(in Chinese).
[7]何凤军,刘昌玉,刘肖,等.用于电力系统仿真的水电机组原动机模型适应性研究[J].水电能源科学,2017(2):165-169.He Fengjun,Liu Changyu,Liu Xiao,et al.Study on adaptability of hydropower unit prime motor model for power system simulation[J].Water Resources and Power,2017(2):165-169(in Chinese).
[8]高慧敏,刘宪林,徐政.水轮机详细模型对电力系统暂态稳定分析结果的影响[J].电网技术,2005,29(2):5-8.Gao Huimin,Liu Xianlin,Xu Zheng.Effect of detailed hydro turbine models on analysis results of power system transient stability[J].Power System Technology,2005,29(2):5-8(in Chinese).
[9]刘昌玉,何雪松,何凤军,等.水电机组原动机及其调节系统精细化建模[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):230-235.Liu Changyu,He Xuesong,He Fengjun.Refined modeling of hydraulic prime mover and its governing system for hydropower generation unit[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):230-235(in Chinese).
[10]Guo Wencheng,Yang Jiandong.Modeling and dynamic response control for primary frequency regulation of hydro-turbine governing system with surge tank[J].Renewable Energy,2018,121(6):173-187.
[11]聂勇文.基于协同控制理论的水轮发电机组调速系统控制研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016.Nie Yongwen.Based on synergetic control theory of speed regulation system of hydraulic turbine generator unit control research[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2016(in Chinese).
[12]胡佳蕾.水轮机调节系统仿真平台开发与控制策略研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2015.Hu Jialei.The Development of simulation platform of hydro turbine governing system and study on control strategy[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[13]师彪,李郁侠,何常胜,等.水轮机智能调速系统数学模型仿真及参数辨识[J].电力自动化设备,2010,30(4):10-15.Shi Biao,Li Yuxia,He Changsheng,et al.Hydraulic turbine intelligent governing system mathematical model and its parameters identification[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2010,30(4):10-15(in Chinese).
[14]王华强,石亚娟,王健波.神经网络模糊PID在水轮机调速系统中的应用[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,35(9):1187-1191.Wang Huaqiang,Shi Yajuan,Wang Jianbo.Application of neural network fuzzy PID in turbine governor system[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology:Natural Science,2012,35(9):1187-1191(in Chinese).
[15]岳雷,薛安成,徐飞阳,等.基于实测试验数据的水轮发电机调速器动态参数抗差分步辨识研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(11):3163-3171.Yue Lei,Xue Ancheng,Xu Feiyang,et al.A two-step robust parameter identification method for dynamic parameters of hydro generator governor based on field test data[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(11):3163-3171(in Chinese).
[16]Jiang Chuanwen,Ma Yuchao,Wang Chenmin.PIDcontroller parameters optimization of hydro-turbine governing systems using deterministic-chaotic-mutation evolutionary programming(DCMEP)[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2006,47(9):1222-1230.
[17]Oliveria E J,Honório L M,Anzai A H,et al.Optimal transient droop compensator and PID tuning for load frequency control in hydro power systems[J].International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2015,68(6):345-355.
[18]张丽,刘维东.基于改进粒子群算法的水轮机调速系统参数优化研究[J].大电机技术,2017(3):79-82.Zhang Li,Liu Weidong.Research on parameter optimization of hydraulic turbine governing system based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine,2017(3):79-82(in Chinese).
[19]方红庆,陈龙,李训铭.基于线性与非线性模型的水轮机调速器PID参数优化比较[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(5):100-106.Fang Hongqing,Chen Long,Li Xunming.Comparisons of optimal tuning hydro turbine governor PID gains based on linear and nonlinear mathematical models[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(5):100-106(in Chinese).
[20]寇攀高,周建中,何耀耀,等.基于菌群-粒子群算法的水轮发电机组PID调速器参数优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(26):101-106.Kou Pangao,Zhou Jianzhong,He Yaoyao,et al.Optimal PID governor tuning of hydraulic turbine generators with bacterial foraging particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(26):101-106(in Chinese).
[21]唐正茂,马士虎,解德.基于外部存档的并行遗传算法在水轮机调速器参数优化中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):90-96.Tang Zhengmao,Ma Shihu,Xie De.Optimization of hydro-turbine governor parameters based on parallel genetic algorithm with exterior archive method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):90-96(in Chinese).
[22]Demello Francisco P.Concept of synchronous machine stability as affected by excitation control[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1969,88(4):316-329.