大学生社会排斥对社交焦虑的影响:负面评价恐惧与人际信任的作用
|
摘要
为探讨大学生社会排斥对社交焦虑的影响以及负面评价恐惧和人际信任在二者之间的作用机制,研究采用大学生社会排斥问卷(SEQU)、社交焦虑量表(SASSCS)、负面评价恐惧量表(BFNES)及人际信任量表(ITS)对600名大学生进行测试。结果表明:(1)大学生社会排斥不仅对个体的社交焦虑水平产生影响,还会通过负面评价恐惧的中介作用对社交焦虑产生影响;(2)人际信任能够调节大学生社会排斥对社交焦虑的直接作用,具体而言,与高人际信任的大学生相比较,较低人际信任的大学生的社会排斥对社交焦虑的预测作用更加显著。
In recent decades, social exclusion has become an important issue in the study of physical and mental health. Social exclusion refers to one's experience of isolation from others, including rejection, social isolation and emotional neglect. Some studies have shown that college students belong to the high incidence of social exclusion. School social exclusion would lead to a strong sense of loneliness, depression, anxiety and other negative emotions in college students. In severe cases, it would lead to extreme externalization problems such as dropping out of school and campus violence, which is a threat to students' physical and mental development. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the negative effects of social exclusion on college students. Researchers have suggested that social exclusion can cause one's social anxiety. In addition, fear of negative evaluation is an important predictor of social anxiety, but its mechanism needs to be further studied. Since interpersonal trust is the lubricant of interpersonal relationship, we believe that it is necessary to explore the influence of social exclusion. Meanwhile, we can provide theoretical support for the prevention and intervention of college students' social exclusion and reduce the negative effects of social exclusion.600 college school students were selected as samples, of which 279 were male and 275 were female, with an average age of 19.23. All the subjects assembled in class and completed the questionnaire within 20 minutes. The questionnaires included the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for Undergraduate(SEQU), Social Anxiety Subscale for the Self-Consciousness Scale(SASSCS), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale(BFNES), and Interpersonal Trust Scale(ITS). Data was collected and analyzed with Spss24.0 and Amos17.0, and the bias-corrected percentile bootstrap method was used to analyze the role of interpersonal trust and fear of negative evaluation between social exclusion and social anxiety of college students. A single factor model was calculated to test the common method variance. Results showed that the study was in-existent common method variance.The results indicated that:(1) Social exclusion was positively correlated with fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation was also positively correlated with social anxiety. Interpersonal trust was negatively correlated with social exclusion, fear of negative evaluation and interpersonal trust;(2) Social exclusion could affect social anxiety through the mediation effect of fear of negative evaluation;(3) The direct effect of social exclusion on social anxiety were moderated by interpersonal trust, and the effect was much stronger among college students with low interpersonal trust.The study uncovered the complex mechanism between social exclusion and college students' social anxiety. Social exclusion influenced college students' social anxiety. Both the direct effect and the mediation effect of fear of negative evaluation were moderated by interpersonal trust. These findings suggest that some measures of prevention and treatment for college students' social exclusion should be taken. Schools and families should set up a good trust system in order to help them improve their interpersonal trust level and eradicate the influence of social exclusion.
In recent decades, social exclusion has become an important issue in the study of physical and mental health. Social exclusion refers to one's experience of isolation from others, including rejection, social isolation and emotional neglect. Some studies have shown that college students belong to the high incidence of social exclusion. School social exclusion would lead to a strong sense of loneliness, depression, anxiety and other negative emotions in college students. In severe cases, it would lead to extreme externalization problems such as dropping out of school and campus violence, which is a threat to students' physical and mental development. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the negative effects of social exclusion on college students. Researchers have suggested that social exclusion can cause one's social anxiety. In addition, fear of negative evaluation is an important predictor of social anxiety, but its mechanism needs to be further studied. Since interpersonal trust is the lubricant of interpersonal relationship, we believe that it is necessary to explore the influence of social exclusion. Meanwhile, we can provide theoretical support for the prevention and intervention of college students' social exclusion and reduce the negative effects of social exclusion.600 college school students were selected as samples, of which 279 were male and 275 were female, with an average age of 19.23. All the subjects assembled in class and completed the questionnaire within 20 minutes. The questionnaires included the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for Undergraduate(SEQU), Social Anxiety Subscale for the Self-Consciousness Scale(SASSCS), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale(BFNES), and Interpersonal Trust Scale(ITS). Data was collected and analyzed with Spss24.0 and Amos17.0, and the bias-corrected percentile bootstrap method was used to analyze the role of interpersonal trust and fear of negative evaluation between social exclusion and social anxiety of college students. A single factor model was calculated to test the common method variance. Results showed that the study was in-existent common method variance.The results indicated that:(1) Social exclusion was positively correlated with fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation was also positively correlated with social anxiety. Interpersonal trust was negatively correlated with social exclusion, fear of negative evaluation and interpersonal trust;(2) Social exclusion could affect social anxiety through the mediation effect of fear of negative evaluation;(3) The direct effect of social exclusion on social anxiety were moderated by interpersonal trust, and the effect was much stronger among college students with low interpersonal trust.The study uncovered the complex mechanism between social exclusion and college students' social anxiety. Social exclusion influenced college students' social anxiety. Both the direct effect and the mediation effect of fear of negative evaluation were moderated by interpersonal trust. These findings suggest that some measures of prevention and treatment for college students' social exclusion should be taken. Schools and families should set up a good trust system in order to help them improve their interpersonal trust level and eradicate the influence of social exclusion.
引文
安鑫,盛烨.(2013).父母教养方式、羞怯与负面评价恐惧的关系.中国健康心理学杂志,21(3),434-437.
陈祉妍.(2002).中学生负面评价恐惧与考试焦虑的相关性.中国心理卫生杂志,16(12),855-857.
邓衍鹤,向睿洋,张月寒,刘翔平.(2018).社交焦虑者对社会排斥的反应偏差及其潜在心理机制.中国临床心理学杂志,26(2),336-340.
韩思竹,孙炳海.(2015).自尊对大学生社交焦虑的影响:有调节的中介模型.中国健康心理学杂志,23(4),627-631.
李沛沛,黄程,寇彧.(2017).社会排斥与个体助人意愿:归属感需求的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,25(4),597-602.
李涛,冯菲.(2013).社交焦虑解释偏差:研究范式、特征及矫正.心理科学进展,21(12),2196-2203.
刘洋,张大均.(2010).评价恐惧理论及相关研究述评.心理科学进展,18(1),106-113.
孙晓军,赵竞,周宗奎,谢笑春,童媛添.(2015).大学生网络社会支持与网络人际信任的关系:一个有调节的中介模型.心理发展与教育,31(2),129-136.
温忠麟,叶宝娟.(2014).中介效应分析:方法和模型发展.心理科学进展,22(5),731-745.
吴惠君,张姝玥,曾宇倩.(2013).大学生社会排斥问卷的编制与信效度检验.中国健康心理学杂志,21(12),1829-1831.
吴艳,温忠麟,侯杰泰,Marsh.(2011).无均值结构的潜变量交互效应模型的标准化估计.心理学报,43(10),1219-1228.
徐同洁,胡平,郭秀梅.(2017).社会排斥对人际信任的影响:情绪线索的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,25(6),1064-1068.
张林,刘燊,徐强,吴晓燕,杨梦圆.(2017).日常环境中的暴力暴露对攻击行为的长期影响:一个有调节的中介模型.心理学报,49(1),50-59.
钟佑洁,张进辅.(2011).大学生评价恐惧在自尊与社交焦虑间的中介效应分析.心理发展与教育,27(5),506-512.
周浩,龙立荣.(2004).共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法.心理科学进展,12(6),942-950.
邹维兴,谢玲平.(2016).自尊负面评价恐惧对有留守经历大学新生孤独感的影响.中国学校卫生,37(11),1716-1719.
Arslan,G.(2018).School-based social exclusion,affective wellbeing,and mental health problems in adolescents:A study of mediator and moderator role of academic self-regulation.Child Indicators Research,11(3),963-980.
Baumeister,R.F.,&Leary,M.R.(1995).The need to belong:Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.Psychological Bulletin,117,497-529.
Baumeister,R.F.,&Tice,D.M.(1990).Point-counterpoints:Anxiety and social exclusion.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,9(2),165-195.
Beard,C.,&Amir,N.(2009).Interpretation in social anxiety:When meaning precedes ambiguity.Cognitive Therapy and Research,33(4),406-415.
Berscheid,E.(1994).Interpersonal relationships.Annual Review of Psychology,45,79-129.
Boehme,S.,Miltner,W.H.R.,&Straube,T.(2015).Neural correlates of self-focused attention in social anxiety.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,10(6),856-862.
Capriola-Hall,N.N.,Wieckowski,A.T.,Ollendick,T.H.,&White,S.W.(2018).The influence of social communication impairments on gaze in adolescents with social anxiety disorder.Child Psychiatry and Human Development,49(4),672-679.
Cheng,G.,Zhang,D.J.,&Ding,F.Y.(2015).Self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation as mediators between family socioeconomic status and social anxiety in Chinese emerging adults.International Journal of Social Psychiatry,61(6),569-576.
Dirks,K.T.,&Ferrin,D.L.(2001).The role of trust in organizational settings.Organization Science,12(4),450-467.
Ernst,M.,Mohr,H.M.,Sch?tt,M.,Rickmeyer,C.,Fischmann,T.,LeuzingerBohleber,M.,et al.(2017).The effects of social exclusion on response inhibition in borderline personality disorder and major depression.Psychiatry Research,262,333-339.
Fedor,D.B.(1991).Recipient responses to performance feedback:A proposed model and its implications.In K.M.Rowland&G.R.Ferris(Eds.),Research in personnel and human resources management(pp.73-120).Greenwich,CT:JAI Press.
Fenigstein,A.,Scheier,M.F.,&Buss,A.H.(1975).Public and private selfconsciousness:Assessment and theory.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,43(4),522-527.
Goodenow,C.,&Grady,K.E.(1993).The relationship of school belonging and friends'values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students.Journal of Experimental Education,62(1),60-71.
Heeren,A.,&Mcnally,R.J.(2017).Social anxiety disorder as a densely interconnected network of fear and avoidance for social situations.Cognitive Therapy and Research,(4),1-11.
Heimberg,R.G.,Liebowitz,M.R.,Hope,D.A.,&Schneier,F.R.(1995).Social phobia:Diagnosis,assessment,and treatment.New York:The Guilford Press.
Kawamoto,T.,Nittono,H.,&Ura,M.(2014).Social exclusion induces earlystage perceptual and behavioral changes in response to social cues.Social Neuroscience,9(2),174-185.
Kosfeld,M.,Heinrichs,M.,Zak,P.J.,Fischbacher,U.,&Fehr,E.(2005).Oxytocin increases trust in humans.Nature,435(7042),673-676.
Ladd,G.W.,&Kochenderfer-Ladd,B.(2016).Research in educational psychology:Social exclusion in school.In P.Riva&J.Eck(Eds.),Social exclusion(pp.109-132).Springer International Publishing.
Levinson,C.A.,Langer,J.K.,&Rodebaugh,T.L.(2013).Reactivity to exclusion prospectively predicts social anxiety symptoms in young adults.Behavior Therapy,44(3),470-478.
Leary,M.R.,&Baumeister,R.F.(2000).The nature and function of self-esteem:Sociometer theory.Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,32,1-62.
Lin,X.Q.,Li,S.Y.,&Qu,C.(2017).Social network sites influence recovery from social exclusion:Individual differences in social anxiety.Computers in Human Behavior,75,538-546.
Lochner,C.,Mogotsi,M.,Du Toit,P.L.,Kaminer,D.,Niehaus,D.J.,&Stein,D.J.(2003).Quality of life in anxiety disorders:A comparison of obsessive-compulsive disorder,social anxiety disorder,and panic disorder.Psychopathology,36(5),255-262.
Maner,J.K.,DeWall,C.N.,Baumeister,R.F.,&Schaller,M.(2007).Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection?Resolving the"porcupine problem".Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,92(1),42-55.
Molden,D.C.,&Finkel,E.J.(2010).Motivations for promotion and prevention and the role of trust and commitment in interpersonal forgiveness.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,46(2),255-268.
Osterman,K.F.(2000).Students'need for belonging in the school community.Review of Educational Research,70(3),323-367.
Rapee,R.M.,&Heimberg,R.G.(1997).A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia.Behaviour Research and Therapy,35(8),741-756.
Rotenberg,K.J.,&Boulton,M.(2013).Interpersonal trust consistency and the quality of peer relationships during childhood.Social Development,22(2),225-241.
Rotter,J.B.(1967).A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust.Journal of Personality,35,651-665.
Russell,G.,&Topham,P.(2012).The impact of social anxiety on student learning and well-being in higher education.Journal of Mental Health,21(4),375-385.
Sari,M.(2013).Lise??rencilerinde okula aidiyet duygusu.Anadoluüniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,13(1),147-160.
Schlund,M.W.,Brewer,A.T.,Richman,D.M.,Magee,S.K.,&Dymond,S.(2015).Not so bad:Avoidance and aversive discounting modulate threat appraisal in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,9,142.
Sellaro,R.,Hommel,B.,de Kwaadsteniet,E.W.,van de Groep,S.,&Colzato,L.S.(2014).Increasing interpersonal trust through divergent thinking.Frontiers in Psychology,5,561.
Stein,M.B.,Jang,K.L.,&Livesley,W.J.(2002).Heritability of social anxietyrelated concerns and personality characteristics:A twin study.Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,190(4),219-224.
Tanaka,H.,&Ikegami,T.(2014).Fear of negative evaluation moderates effects of social exclusion on selective attention to social signs.Cognition and Emotion,29(7),1306-1313.
Twenge,J.M.,&Campbell,W.K.(2003)."Isn't it fun to get the respect that we're going to deserve?"Narcissism,social rejection,and aggression.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,29(2),261-272.
Weeks,J.W.,Heimberg,R.G.,Fresco,D.M.,Hart,T.A.,Turk,C.L.,Schneier,F.R.,&Liebowitz,M.R.(2005).Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the brief fear of negative evaluation scale in patients with social anxiety disorder.Psychological Assessment,17(2),179-190.
Wong,Q.J.J.,&Rapee,R.M.(2016).The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder:A synthesis of complementary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model.Journal of Affective Disorders,203,84-100.
Yanagisawa,K.,Nishimura,T.,Furutani,K.,&Ura,M.(2013).The effects of general trust on building new relationships after social exclusion:An examination of the‘Settoku Nattoku Game’.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,16(2),133-141.
陈祉妍.(2002).中学生负面评价恐惧与考试焦虑的相关性.中国心理卫生杂志,16(12),855-857.
邓衍鹤,向睿洋,张月寒,刘翔平.(2018).社交焦虑者对社会排斥的反应偏差及其潜在心理机制.中国临床心理学杂志,26(2),336-340.
韩思竹,孙炳海.(2015).自尊对大学生社交焦虑的影响:有调节的中介模型.中国健康心理学杂志,23(4),627-631.
李沛沛,黄程,寇彧.(2017).社会排斥与个体助人意愿:归属感需求的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,25(4),597-602.
李涛,冯菲.(2013).社交焦虑解释偏差:研究范式、特征及矫正.心理科学进展,21(12),2196-2203.
刘洋,张大均.(2010).评价恐惧理论及相关研究述评.心理科学进展,18(1),106-113.
孙晓军,赵竞,周宗奎,谢笑春,童媛添.(2015).大学生网络社会支持与网络人际信任的关系:一个有调节的中介模型.心理发展与教育,31(2),129-136.
温忠麟,叶宝娟.(2014).中介效应分析:方法和模型发展.心理科学进展,22(5),731-745.
吴惠君,张姝玥,曾宇倩.(2013).大学生社会排斥问卷的编制与信效度检验.中国健康心理学杂志,21(12),1829-1831.
吴艳,温忠麟,侯杰泰,Marsh.(2011).无均值结构的潜变量交互效应模型的标准化估计.心理学报,43(10),1219-1228.
徐同洁,胡平,郭秀梅.(2017).社会排斥对人际信任的影响:情绪线索的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,25(6),1064-1068.
张林,刘燊,徐强,吴晓燕,杨梦圆.(2017).日常环境中的暴力暴露对攻击行为的长期影响:一个有调节的中介模型.心理学报,49(1),50-59.
钟佑洁,张进辅.(2011).大学生评价恐惧在自尊与社交焦虑间的中介效应分析.心理发展与教育,27(5),506-512.
周浩,龙立荣.(2004).共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法.心理科学进展,12(6),942-950.
邹维兴,谢玲平.(2016).自尊负面评价恐惧对有留守经历大学新生孤独感的影响.中国学校卫生,37(11),1716-1719.
Arslan,G.(2018).School-based social exclusion,affective wellbeing,and mental health problems in adolescents:A study of mediator and moderator role of academic self-regulation.Child Indicators Research,11(3),963-980.
Baumeister,R.F.,&Leary,M.R.(1995).The need to belong:Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.Psychological Bulletin,117,497-529.
Baumeister,R.F.,&Tice,D.M.(1990).Point-counterpoints:Anxiety and social exclusion.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,9(2),165-195.
Beard,C.,&Amir,N.(2009).Interpretation in social anxiety:When meaning precedes ambiguity.Cognitive Therapy and Research,33(4),406-415.
Berscheid,E.(1994).Interpersonal relationships.Annual Review of Psychology,45,79-129.
Boehme,S.,Miltner,W.H.R.,&Straube,T.(2015).Neural correlates of self-focused attention in social anxiety.Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience,10(6),856-862.
Capriola-Hall,N.N.,Wieckowski,A.T.,Ollendick,T.H.,&White,S.W.(2018).The influence of social communication impairments on gaze in adolescents with social anxiety disorder.Child Psychiatry and Human Development,49(4),672-679.
Cheng,G.,Zhang,D.J.,&Ding,F.Y.(2015).Self-esteem and fear of negative evaluation as mediators between family socioeconomic status and social anxiety in Chinese emerging adults.International Journal of Social Psychiatry,61(6),569-576.
Dirks,K.T.,&Ferrin,D.L.(2001).The role of trust in organizational settings.Organization Science,12(4),450-467.
Ernst,M.,Mohr,H.M.,Sch?tt,M.,Rickmeyer,C.,Fischmann,T.,LeuzingerBohleber,M.,et al.(2017).The effects of social exclusion on response inhibition in borderline personality disorder and major depression.Psychiatry Research,262,333-339.
Fedor,D.B.(1991).Recipient responses to performance feedback:A proposed model and its implications.In K.M.Rowland&G.R.Ferris(Eds.),Research in personnel and human resources management(pp.73-120).Greenwich,CT:JAI Press.
Fenigstein,A.,Scheier,M.F.,&Buss,A.H.(1975).Public and private selfconsciousness:Assessment and theory.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,43(4),522-527.
Goodenow,C.,&Grady,K.E.(1993).The relationship of school belonging and friends'values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students.Journal of Experimental Education,62(1),60-71.
Heeren,A.,&Mcnally,R.J.(2017).Social anxiety disorder as a densely interconnected network of fear and avoidance for social situations.Cognitive Therapy and Research,(4),1-11.
Heimberg,R.G.,Liebowitz,M.R.,Hope,D.A.,&Schneier,F.R.(1995).Social phobia:Diagnosis,assessment,and treatment.New York:The Guilford Press.
Kawamoto,T.,Nittono,H.,&Ura,M.(2014).Social exclusion induces earlystage perceptual and behavioral changes in response to social cues.Social Neuroscience,9(2),174-185.
Kosfeld,M.,Heinrichs,M.,Zak,P.J.,Fischbacher,U.,&Fehr,E.(2005).Oxytocin increases trust in humans.Nature,435(7042),673-676.
Ladd,G.W.,&Kochenderfer-Ladd,B.(2016).Research in educational psychology:Social exclusion in school.In P.Riva&J.Eck(Eds.),Social exclusion(pp.109-132).Springer International Publishing.
Levinson,C.A.,Langer,J.K.,&Rodebaugh,T.L.(2013).Reactivity to exclusion prospectively predicts social anxiety symptoms in young adults.Behavior Therapy,44(3),470-478.
Leary,M.R.,&Baumeister,R.F.(2000).The nature and function of self-esteem:Sociometer theory.Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,32,1-62.
Lin,X.Q.,Li,S.Y.,&Qu,C.(2017).Social network sites influence recovery from social exclusion:Individual differences in social anxiety.Computers in Human Behavior,75,538-546.
Lochner,C.,Mogotsi,M.,Du Toit,P.L.,Kaminer,D.,Niehaus,D.J.,&Stein,D.J.(2003).Quality of life in anxiety disorders:A comparison of obsessive-compulsive disorder,social anxiety disorder,and panic disorder.Psychopathology,36(5),255-262.
Maner,J.K.,DeWall,C.N.,Baumeister,R.F.,&Schaller,M.(2007).Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection?Resolving the"porcupine problem".Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,92(1),42-55.
Molden,D.C.,&Finkel,E.J.(2010).Motivations for promotion and prevention and the role of trust and commitment in interpersonal forgiveness.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,46(2),255-268.
Osterman,K.F.(2000).Students'need for belonging in the school community.Review of Educational Research,70(3),323-367.
Rapee,R.M.,&Heimberg,R.G.(1997).A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia.Behaviour Research and Therapy,35(8),741-756.
Rotenberg,K.J.,&Boulton,M.(2013).Interpersonal trust consistency and the quality of peer relationships during childhood.Social Development,22(2),225-241.
Rotter,J.B.(1967).A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust.Journal of Personality,35,651-665.
Russell,G.,&Topham,P.(2012).The impact of social anxiety on student learning and well-being in higher education.Journal of Mental Health,21(4),375-385.
Sari,M.(2013).Lise??rencilerinde okula aidiyet duygusu.Anadoluüniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,13(1),147-160.
Schlund,M.W.,Brewer,A.T.,Richman,D.M.,Magee,S.K.,&Dymond,S.(2015).Not so bad:Avoidance and aversive discounting modulate threat appraisal in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,9,142.
Sellaro,R.,Hommel,B.,de Kwaadsteniet,E.W.,van de Groep,S.,&Colzato,L.S.(2014).Increasing interpersonal trust through divergent thinking.Frontiers in Psychology,5,561.
Stein,M.B.,Jang,K.L.,&Livesley,W.J.(2002).Heritability of social anxietyrelated concerns and personality characteristics:A twin study.Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,190(4),219-224.
Tanaka,H.,&Ikegami,T.(2014).Fear of negative evaluation moderates effects of social exclusion on selective attention to social signs.Cognition and Emotion,29(7),1306-1313.
Twenge,J.M.,&Campbell,W.K.(2003)."Isn't it fun to get the respect that we're going to deserve?"Narcissism,social rejection,and aggression.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,29(2),261-272.
Weeks,J.W.,Heimberg,R.G.,Fresco,D.M.,Hart,T.A.,Turk,C.L.,Schneier,F.R.,&Liebowitz,M.R.(2005).Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the brief fear of negative evaluation scale in patients with social anxiety disorder.Psychological Assessment,17(2),179-190.
Wong,Q.J.J.,&Rapee,R.M.(2016).The aetiology and maintenance of social anxiety disorder:A synthesis of complementary theoretical models and formulation of a new integrated model.Journal of Affective Disorders,203,84-100.
Yanagisawa,K.,Nishimura,T.,Furutani,K.,&Ura,M.(2013).The effects of general trust on building new relationships after social exclusion:An examination of the‘Settoku Nattoku Game’.Asian Journal of Social Psychology,16(2),133-141.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |