山东不同地区乳房炎和非乳房炎牛奶中主要病原菌的调查
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摘要
通过对13个地区35个牧场的985份非乳房炎奶样和284份乳房炎奶样进行常见病原菌分离鉴定,以期了解山东地区牛奶中主要病原菌的流行情况。采用常规方法与生化鉴定、PCR技术对样品进行细菌分离鉴定,利用系统进化群试验对大肠杆菌致病性进行分析。结果显示:(1)获得金黄色葡萄球菌150株(11.82%),大肠杆菌248株(19.54%),无乳链球菌35株(2.76%),停乳链球菌18株(1.42%),乳房链球菌49株(3.86%);乳房炎样品细菌检出率(51.41%)明显高于非乳房炎样品(35.94%)(P<0.01);(2)青岛地区样品检出率(67.91%),高于其他地区(P<0.05),金黄色葡萄球菌在青岛检出率(50.0%)最高,大肠杆菌在东营的检出率(40.0%)最高;乳房链球菌在日照的检出率(31.25%)最高,无乳链球菌和停乳链球菌在各地的检出率无明显差异;(3)6月份样品中细菌检出率(67.91%)最高,且明显高于其他采样时间(P<0.01);(4)248株大肠杆菌中,共生群A群213株(85.89%),致病群35株(14.11%),乳房炎样品致病群检出率(22.39%);明显高于非乳房炎样品(11.05%)(P=0.023)。表明山东省牛奶中主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌,乳房炎样品细菌和致病群检出率均高于非乳房炎样品,不同地区致病菌检出率存在差异,且夏季最高,秋冬季节低。
In order to understand the prevalence of the main pathogenic bacteria in milk in Shandong Province, the isolation and identification of common pathogens were carried out in 985 non-mastitis milk samples and 284 mastitis milk samples from 35 farms in 13 regions. The bacteria were isolated and identified by conventional methods, biochemical identification and PCR technology, and then the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli was analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. We found that there were 150 strains of Staphylococcus aureus(11.82%), 248 strains of Escherichia coli(19.54%), 35 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae(2.76%), 18 strains of Streptococcus dysgalatiae(1.42%) and 49 strains of Streptococcus ubers(3.86%) from the samples. The bacterial detection rate(51.41%) in mastitis milk samples was significantly higher than that in non-mastitis milk samples(35.94%)(P<0.01). We also found that the detection rate(67.91%) of samples from Qingdao was higher than that in the other regions(P<0.05). The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus from Qingdao was the highest(50.0%), the detection rate of Escherichia coli from Dongying was the highest(40.0%), and the detection rate of Streptococcus ubers from Rizhao was the highest(31.25%). There was no significant difference in the detection rate between Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalatiae. The results also showed that the highest detection rate was in June(67.91%), and it was significantly higher than that in other times(P<0.01). Among the 248 strains of Escherichia coli, the symbiotic bacteria about A group were 213 strains(85.89%), the virulence group were 35 strains ( 14. 11%). The detection rate( 23. 39%) in the mastitis samples was significantly higher than that in non-mastitis samples( 11. 05%)( P = 0. 023). In Shandong Province,the main pathogenic bacteria in milk are Staphylococcus aureus,and the bacteria and pathogenic group detection rate in mastitis samples is higher than that in non-mastitis samples. The detection rate of pathogens in different areas is different,and the detection rate in summer is higher than that in autumn and winter.
In order to understand the prevalence of the main pathogenic bacteria in milk in Shandong Province, the isolation and identification of common pathogens were carried out in 985 non-mastitis milk samples and 284 mastitis milk samples from 35 farms in 13 regions. The bacteria were isolated and identified by conventional methods, biochemical identification and PCR technology, and then the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli was analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. We found that there were 150 strains of Staphylococcus aureus(11.82%), 248 strains of Escherichia coli(19.54%), 35 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae(2.76%), 18 strains of Streptococcus dysgalatiae(1.42%) and 49 strains of Streptococcus ubers(3.86%) from the samples. The bacterial detection rate(51.41%) in mastitis milk samples was significantly higher than that in non-mastitis milk samples(35.94%)(P<0.01). We also found that the detection rate(67.91%) of samples from Qingdao was higher than that in the other regions(P<0.05). The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus from Qingdao was the highest(50.0%), the detection rate of Escherichia coli from Dongying was the highest(40.0%), and the detection rate of Streptococcus ubers from Rizhao was the highest(31.25%). There was no significant difference in the detection rate between Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalatiae. The results also showed that the highest detection rate was in June(67.91%), and it was significantly higher than that in other times(P<0.01). Among the 248 strains of Escherichia coli, the symbiotic bacteria about A group were 213 strains(85.89%), the virulence group were 35 strains ( 14. 11%). The detection rate( 23. 39%) in the mastitis samples was significantly higher than that in non-mastitis samples( 11. 05%)( P = 0. 023). In Shandong Province,the main pathogenic bacteria in milk are Staphylococcus aureus,and the bacteria and pathogenic group detection rate in mastitis samples is higher than that in non-mastitis samples. The detection rate of pathogens in different areas is different,and the detection rate in summer is higher than that in autumn and winter.
引文
[1] 方艳芬,周学章,马维武.宁夏牧场奶牛前三把奶卫生质量检测及优势病原菌生物学特性研究[J].现代畜牧兽医,2017,9:1-8.
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[14] 王金涛,桑学波,张孝军.黑龙江垦区某奶牛场乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验[J].现代化牧业,2015,7:48-49.
[15] 刘红玉.青岛地区禽源E.coli毒力因子和耐药性调查与分析[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[16] 牛春玲.华东地区鸭源禽致病性大肠杆菌系统进化群及毒力相关基因特征分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.
[17] 苏志新.鸡源禽致病性大肠杆菌分离鉴定及毒力相关基因分布特征分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[2] 邓海平,蒲万霞,俞诗源,等.奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌及其分离鉴定方法研究进展[J].中国草食动物,2009,29(2):52-54.
[3] YANG Feng,WANG Qi,WANG Xu-rong,et al.Genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis cases in Northwest China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(12):2 842-2 847.
[4] Frantisek Zigo,Milan Vasil,Juraj Elecko,et al.Mastitis Pathogens Isolated from Samples of Milk in Dairy Cows and Their Resistance against Antimicrobial Agents[J].Journal of Food Science and Engineering ,2017(7):110-113.
[5] Clermont O,Bonacorsi S,Bingen E.Rapid and simple determination of the Esherichia coli phylogenetic group[J].Appl Environ Microb,2000,66:4 555-4 558.
[6] 汪宇.猪源MRSA和多耐药基因cfr的流行情况调查和传播机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2012.
[7] 朱战波,孙冰,崔玉东,等.奶牛乳房炎4种主要病原菌PCR检测鉴定方法研究[J].中国兽医杂志,2007,43(11):24-26.
[8] 丁丹丹,张震,邓立新,等.河南省奶牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验[J].中国奶牛,2015,37(10):23-27.
[9] 赵秋云,安乐,邢福珊,等.陕西地区临床型奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(1):68-72.
[10] 覃杰,龙杰,张伟,等.新疆铁门关地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌分离鉴定及主要病原菌药敏试验[J].中国奶牛,2014,36(21):24-26.
[11] 薛梅,朱俊平.山东潍坊部分牛场奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测[J].中国动物检疫,2015,32(8):19-23.
[12] 易明梅,黄奕倩,朱建国,等.上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(3):360-363.
[13] 项开合.丹东地区奶牛隐性乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定[J].《黑龙江畜牧兽医》科技版,2015,10:187-188.
[14] 王金涛,桑学波,张孝军.黑龙江垦区某奶牛场乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验[J].现代化牧业,2015,7:48-49.
[15] 刘红玉.青岛地区禽源E.coli毒力因子和耐药性调查与分析[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014.
[16] 牛春玲.华东地区鸭源禽致病性大肠杆菌系统进化群及毒力相关基因特征分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2009.
[17] 苏志新.鸡源禽致病性大肠杆菌分离鉴定及毒力相关基因分布特征分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
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