基于形态和DNA序列分析的海马类药材商品基原调查
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摘要
海马是我国名贵动物药材之一,市售海马基原众多,鉴别困难。对其商品进行基原调查有助于澄清品种,为市售海马药材的鉴别以及建立质量控制标准提供科学依据。该研究通过随机采集安国、亳州等全国8个主流药材市场的海马商品药材,将COⅠ片段DNA测序和形态鉴别相结合,确定基原物种。结果发现市售海马样品共来源于23个物种,包括所有2015年版《中国药典》收载物种及18个非《中国药典》收载海马属物种。其中地图海马、驼背海马、南非海马、北部湾海马、欧洲海马、半棘海马、条纹海马等均为首次发现于我国中药材市场。DNA序列分析结合形态鉴定,有助于准确鉴定海马基原。
Hippocampus is a precious animal medicine in Chinese herbal medicines. Numerous seahorse species possessing similar morphology were used as commercial hippocampus in herbal markets. Clarifing the zoological of commercial hippocampus in herbal markets is a crucial issue, which contributed to establish authentication and quality control standard. This study investigated 1 156 dried seahorse samples collected from eight main herbal markets using CO Ⅰ fragment DNA sequencing coupling with morphological identification. The results showed that 23 seahorse species were present in the China TCM market. Among them, five species were officially listed in China Pharmacopoeia, seven species namely winged seahorse(Hippocampus alatus), giraffe seahorse(H. camelopardalis), knysna seahorse(H. capensis), beibuwan seahorse(H. casscsio), half-spiny seahorse(H. semispinosus), Europe seahorse(H. hippocampus), zebra seahorse(H. zebra) were found in herbal markets for the first time. The present DNA sequences analysis coupling with morphological identification method could also use to survey the species origin of other Chinese herbal medicines in herbal markets.
Hippocampus is a precious animal medicine in Chinese herbal medicines. Numerous seahorse species possessing similar morphology were used as commercial hippocampus in herbal markets. Clarifing the zoological of commercial hippocampus in herbal markets is a crucial issue, which contributed to establish authentication and quality control standard. This study investigated 1 156 dried seahorse samples collected from eight main herbal markets using CO Ⅰ fragment DNA sequencing coupling with morphological identification. The results showed that 23 seahorse species were present in the China TCM market. Among them, five species were officially listed in China Pharmacopoeia, seven species namely winged seahorse(Hippocampus alatus), giraffe seahorse(H. camelopardalis), knysna seahorse(H. capensis), beibuwan seahorse(H. casscsio), half-spiny seahorse(H. semispinosus), Europe seahorse(H. hippocampus), zebra seahorse(H. zebra) were found in herbal markets for the first time. The present DNA sequences analysis coupling with morphological identification method could also use to survey the species origin of other Chinese herbal medicines in herbal markets.
引文
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[3] 温珑莲, 李军德, 万德光, 等. 海马市场调查与基原动物鉴定研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2013, 38(7): 969.
[4] Hou F, Wen L, Peng C, et al. Identification of marine traditional Chinese medicine dried seahorses in the traditional Chinese medicine market using DNA barcoding[J]. Mitochondrial DNA A, 2016,29(1):107.
[5] 刘富艳, 金艳, 袁媛, 等.基于形态和DNA序列分析的海龙类药材商品的基原调查[J].世界中医药, 2018, 13(2): 241.
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[8] Froese R, Pauly D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication[EB/OL]. [2018-06-20].http://www.fishbase.org.
[9] 蒋超, 黄璐琦, 袁媛, 等. 《中国药典》动物药材基原物种中文名和拉丁学名引证规范[J]. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2018, 48(7): 772.
[10] Ward R D, Zemlak T S, Innes B H, et al. DNA barcoding Australia′s fish species[J]. Philos T R Soc B, 2005, 360(1462): 1847.
[11] 韩松霖. 中国海马的分类、资源、利用与保护[D]. 桂林:广西师范大学,2013.
[12] Lourie S A, Pollom R A, Foster S J. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research[J]. Zootaxa, 2016, 4146(1): 1.
[13] Evanson M, Foster S J, Wiswedel S, et al. Tracking the international trade of seahorses (Hippocampus species) [J]. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 2011,19(2):57.
[14] Conservation on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Notification to the trade in seahorses[EB/OL]. (2015-03-21)[2018-06-20].http://www.cites.org/.
[15] 蒋超, 单锋, 袁媛, 等.《中国药典》收载中药海马的基原与性状探讨[J].中国中药杂志, 2017, 42(19): 3836.
[16] 王学勇, 廖彩丽, 刘思琦, 等.一种中药精确鉴定方法——中药系统鉴定法[J].中国中药杂志, 2013, 38(9): 1451.
[2] Chang C H, Jang-Liaw N H, Lin Y S, et al. Authenticating the use of dried seahorses in the traditional Chinese medicine market in Taiwan using molecular forensics[J]. J Food Drug Anal, 2013, 21(3): 310.
[3] 温珑莲, 李军德, 万德光, 等. 海马市场调查与基原动物鉴定研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2013, 38(7): 969.
[4] Hou F, Wen L, Peng C, et al. Identification of marine traditional Chinese medicine dried seahorses in the traditional Chinese medicine market using DNA barcoding[J]. Mitochondrial DNA A, 2016,29(1):107.
[5] 刘富艳, 金艳, 袁媛, 等.基于形态和DNA序列分析的海龙类药材商品的基原调查[J].世界中医药, 2018, 13(2): 241.
[6] 朱元鼎, 张春霖, 成庆泰. 南海鱼类志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1963: 181.
[7] Lourie S A, Foster S J, Cooper E C T. et al. A Guide to the identification of seahorses [M]. Washington, D.C.: University of British Columbia and World Wildlife Fund, 2004: 1.
[8] Froese R, Pauly D. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication[EB/OL]. [2018-06-20].http://www.fishbase.org.
[9] 蒋超, 黄璐琦, 袁媛, 等. 《中国药典》动物药材基原物种中文名和拉丁学名引证规范[J]. 中国科学: 生命科学, 2018, 48(7): 772.
[10] Ward R D, Zemlak T S, Innes B H, et al. DNA barcoding Australia′s fish species[J]. Philos T R Soc B, 2005, 360(1462): 1847.
[11] 韩松霖. 中国海马的分类、资源、利用与保护[D]. 桂林:广西师范大学,2013.
[12] Lourie S A, Pollom R A, Foster S J. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research[J]. Zootaxa, 2016, 4146(1): 1.
[13] Evanson M, Foster S J, Wiswedel S, et al. Tracking the international trade of seahorses (Hippocampus species) [J]. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 2011,19(2):57.
[14] Conservation on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Notification to the trade in seahorses[EB/OL]. (2015-03-21)[2018-06-20].http://www.cites.org/.
[15] 蒋超, 单锋, 袁媛, 等.《中国药典》收载中药海马的基原与性状探讨[J].中国中药杂志, 2017, 42(19): 3836.
[16] 王学勇, 廖彩丽, 刘思琦, 等.一种中药精确鉴定方法——中药系统鉴定法[J].中国中药杂志, 2013, 38(9): 1451.