海藻在畜牧生产中的应用研究进展
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摘要
海藻是海洋中藻类植物的总称,分布在低潮线以下的浅海区域,是植物界中的隐花植物。全世界已知藻类有3万余种,目前已被人类开发利用的藻类主要分为红藻、褐藻、绿藻和蓝藻4大类。随着常规饲料原料的供应紧张和价格上涨,开发非常规综合性功能饲料已成为解决畜牧业饲料资源有效供应的长期任务。海藻作为一种优质的非常规饲料资源,具有分布广、产量大、适应能力强等特点且含有大量陆地植物所缺乏的生物活性物质和营养物质,这些特性决定了其巨大的饲料经济开发价值。作者综述了海藻的区域分布、特性、分类及营养物质的种类、功能及其在动物上的应用,由于其富含蛋白质类、氨基酸类、矿物质、多不饱和脂肪酸等营养物质及多糖多酚类、萜类等功能性物质,在畜牧业生产应用中具有巨大的发展潜力。此外,作者指出了在使用海藻饲料原料过程中应注重的问题,探讨了海藻在动物生产中发挥的多种功能性应用价值与潜在市场,旨在为藻类资源在动物日粮中的应用提供参考。
Seaweed is a general name for algae in the ocean.It is distributed in the shallow sea area below the low tide line and is an occult plant in the plant kingdom.There are more than 30 000 species of algae known worldwide.Algae that have been developed and utilized by humans are mainly divided into four categories:Red algae,brown algae,green algae,and cyanobacteria.With the tight supply of conventional feed ingredients and rising prices,the development of unconventional and integrated functional feed has become a long-term task to solve the effective supply of feed resources in the livestock industry.As a high-quality unconventional feed resource,seaweed has the characteristics of wide distribution,large yield,strong adaptability,etc.,and contains a large number of biologically active substances and nutrients that terrestrial plants lack,and these characteristics determine its enormous value in feed economic development.The authors reviewed the regional distribution,characteristics,classification and functions of various nutrients and theirapplications in animals of seaweed.Seaweed is rich in nutrients such as proteins,amino acids,minerals,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and functional substances such as polysaccharide polyphenols and terpenoids.The authors also pointed out that seaweed has great development potential in animal husbandry production and application,as well as the problems that should be paid attention to the process of using seaweed as feed ingredients,and explore its application value and potential market in multiple functional fields of animal production.This review was respected to provide a reference for the application of algae resources in animal diets.
Seaweed is a general name for algae in the ocean.It is distributed in the shallow sea area below the low tide line and is an occult plant in the plant kingdom.There are more than 30 000 species of algae known worldwide.Algae that have been developed and utilized by humans are mainly divided into four categories:Red algae,brown algae,green algae,and cyanobacteria.With the tight supply of conventional feed ingredients and rising prices,the development of unconventional and integrated functional feed has become a long-term task to solve the effective supply of feed resources in the livestock industry.As a high-quality unconventional feed resource,seaweed has the characteristics of wide distribution,large yield,strong adaptability,etc.,and contains a large number of biologically active substances and nutrients that terrestrial plants lack,and these characteristics determine its enormous value in feed economic development.The authors reviewed the regional distribution,characteristics,classification and functions of various nutrients and theirapplications in animals of seaweed.Seaweed is rich in nutrients such as proteins,amino acids,minerals,polyunsaturated fatty acids,and functional substances such as polysaccharide polyphenols and terpenoids.The authors also pointed out that seaweed has great development potential in animal husbandry production and application,as well as the problems that should be paid attention to the process of using seaweed as feed ingredients,and explore its application value and potential market in multiple functional fields of animal production.This review was respected to provide a reference for the application of algae resources in animal diets.
引文
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[7]王晓楠,王茂剑,鞠文明.我国海藻生物活性物质的研究及问题分析[J].齐鲁渔业,2017,3:50-55.WANG X N,WANG M J,JU W M.Seaweed bioactive substances research and problem analysis in China[J].Shandong Fisheries,2017,3:50-55.(in Chinese)
[8]HERRERO M,MENDIOLA J A,PLAZA M,et al.Screening for Bioactive Compounds from Algae[M].New York:Springer,2013.
[9]BIKKER P,VAN M M K,PIET WIKSELAAR V,et al.Biorefinery of the green seaweed Ulva lactucato produce animal feed,chemicals and biofuels[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2016,28(6):1-15.
[10]CEMA M.Seaweed Proteins and Amino Acids as Nutraceuticals[M].Elsevier Science&Technology,2011.
[11]FLEURENCE J.Seaweed proteins:Biochemical,nutritional aspects and potential uses[J].Trends in Food Science&Technology,1999,10(1):25-28.
[12]SIMPSON F J.Review of chemical constituents of the red algaPalmaria palmata(Dulse)[J].Economic Botany,1980,34(1):27-50.
[13]FLEURECE J,YADA R Y.Seaweed proteins[J].Trends in Food Science&Technology,1999,10(1):25-28.
[14]MUNDA I M.Differences in amino acid composition of estuarine and marine fucoids[J].Aquatic Botany,1977,3(3):273-280.
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