若尔盖湿地土壤特性空间变化研究
|
摘要
若尔盖湿地是青藏高原高寒湿地生态系统的典型代表,近年来湿地急剧萎缩和退化。根据若尔盖湿地分布特点,采用野外调查和室内试验分析相结合的方式,对在6个样区采取的349个土壤样品进行测试分析,研究若尔盖湿地土壤质地、土壤水分、养分空间特性变化,探讨湿地生态系统演化对土壤状况的影响。研究结果表明:若尔盖湿地土壤质地变化在空间和垂向上差异较小,花湖地区主要为壤土,纳若桥、达水曲、排水沟、哈丘湖为砂壤土,喜马拉也地区则为壤砂土。土壤pH值的变异系数最小,空间变异性相对较弱,有机质的变异系数相对较大,其次为速效磷和速效钾;有机质从表层到80 cm处呈降低趋势,有机质含量花湖>纳若桥>排水沟>哈丘湖>达水曲>喜马拉也。不同区域的土壤水分特征曲线Van Genuchten模型参数差异显著,喜马拉也和达水曲区域的A和n值明显高于其余区域,土壤水分持水性能较弱。研究结合不同区域的土壤性质、水分及养分特性变化,对若尔盖未来湿地保护和管理的重点方向和区域进行指导和建议。
As a typical representative of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Alpine wetland ecosystem,Zoige wetland has undergone sharp contraction and degradation in recent years. Based on the characteristics of Zoige wetland,in order to understand the changes of soil texture,soil moisture,and nutrient of the wetland,349 soil samples were taken and analyzed from six sample areas by combining field investigation and laboratory analysis to explore the impact of wetland ecosystem evolution on soil conditions. Results showed that the differences of soil texture change in space and vertical were small. The soil texture is loam for Huahu,sandy loam for Naruoqiao,Dashuiqu,Drainage area and Haqiuhu area,but loamy sand for Ximalaye area. The variation coefficient of pH value was the smallest,and the spatial variability was relatively weak. The coefficient of variation of organic matter was relatively large,followed by available phosphorus and available potassium. The organic matter decreased from the surface to 80 cm,and the organic matter content for the six areas follows the order as Huahu > Naruoqiao > Drainage area > Haqiuhu> Dashuiqu > Ximalaye. The parameters of the soil water characteristic curve of different regions were significantly different in the Van Genuchten model. Parameter A and n in the Ximalaye and Dashuiqu area,where the soil water retention was lower,were significantly higher than the other areas. In this paper,based on the changes in soil properties,water and nutrient characteristics in different regions,some suggestions on Zoige wetland protection and management in different areas were also proposed to control soil desertification and improve the capacity of retaining water of wetland.
As a typical representative of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Alpine wetland ecosystem,Zoige wetland has undergone sharp contraction and degradation in recent years. Based on the characteristics of Zoige wetland,in order to understand the changes of soil texture,soil moisture,and nutrient of the wetland,349 soil samples were taken and analyzed from six sample areas by combining field investigation and laboratory analysis to explore the impact of wetland ecosystem evolution on soil conditions. Results showed that the differences of soil texture change in space and vertical were small. The soil texture is loam for Huahu,sandy loam for Naruoqiao,Dashuiqu,Drainage area and Haqiuhu area,but loamy sand for Ximalaye area. The variation coefficient of pH value was the smallest,and the spatial variability was relatively weak. The coefficient of variation of organic matter was relatively large,followed by available phosphorus and available potassium. The organic matter decreased from the surface to 80 cm,and the organic matter content for the six areas follows the order as Huahu > Naruoqiao > Drainage area > Haqiuhu> Dashuiqu > Ximalaye. The parameters of the soil water characteristic curve of different regions were significantly different in the Van Genuchten model. Parameter A and n in the Ximalaye and Dashuiqu area,where the soil water retention was lower,were significantly higher than the other areas. In this paper,based on the changes in soil properties,water and nutrient characteristics in different regions,some suggestions on Zoige wetland protection and management in different areas were also proposed to control soil desertification and improve the capacity of retaining water of wetland.
引文
[1]BAI Junhong,OUYANG Hua,CUI Baoshan,et al.Changes in landscape pattern of alpine wetlands on the Zoige Plateau in the past four decades[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):2245-2252.
[2]沈松平,王军,杨铭军.若尔盖高原沼泽湿地萎缩退化要因初探[J].四川地质学报,2003,23(2):123-125.
[3]郭洁,李国平.若尔盖气候变化及其对湿地退化的影响[J].高原气象,2007,26(2):422-428.
[4]ZHAO Nana,GOU Si,ZHANG Beibei,et al.Changes in pan evaporation and their attribution to climate factors in the zoige alpine wetland,the eastern edge of the tibetan plateau(1969-2014)[J].Water,2017,9(12):971.
[5]LI Binquan,YU Zhongbo,LIANG Zhongmin,et al.Effects of climate variations and human activities on runoff in the zoige alpine wetland in the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(5):1026-1035.
[6]李志威,王兆印,张晨笛,等.若尔盖沼泽湿地的萎缩机制[J].水科学进展,2014,25(2):172-180.
[7]闵泓翔.若尔盖高原湿地退化现状、成因及恢复对策研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[8]白军红,欧阳华,崔保山,等.近40年来若尔盖高原高寒湿地景观格局变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2245-2252.
[9]邓茂林,田昆,段宗亮,等.高原湿地若尔盖国家级自然保护区景观变化[J].山地学报,2010,28(2):240-246.
[10]游宇驰,李志威,李希来.1990-2011年若尔盖高原土地覆盖变化[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,38(2):62-69.
[11]甄硕,董李勤,郑茹敏,等.2007年和2016年若尔盖高原沼泽湿地景观格局及变化[J].湿地科学,2017,15(4):522-525.
[12]胡光印,董治宝,魏振海,等.近30 a来若尔盖盆地沙漠化时空演变过程及成因分析[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(8):908-916.
[13]游宇驰,李志威,黄草,等.1990-2016年若尔盖高原荒漠化时空变化分析[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(10):1671-1680.
[14]杨永兴,李珂,杨杨.排水疏干胁迫下若尔盖高原沼泽退化评价指标体系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1826-1836.
[15]石承苍,涂军.川西北高原若尔盖草地沙化,湿地退化遥感监测与对策研究[C]//全国湿地规划生态保护及合理开发利用研讨会,成都:2009.
[16]李晋昌,王文丽,胡光印,等.若尔盖高原土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3451-3459.
[17]戴洋,罗勇,王长科,等.1961-2008年若尔盖高原湿地的气候变化和突变分析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(1):35-42.
[18]李志威,孙萌,游宇驰,等.若尔盖高原实际蒸散量变化规律研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(8):1317-1324.
[19]田应兵,熊明标,禾光煌.若尔盖高原湿地土壤的恢复演替及其水分与养分变化[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(1):21-25.
[20]熊远清,吴鹏飞,张洪芝,等.若尔盖湿地退化过程中土壤水源涵养功能[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5780-5788.
[21]张露,王益权,韩霁昌,等.基于van Genuchten模型的渭北苹果园土壤水分能量特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):120-126.
[22]OTTONI M V,LOPESASSAD M L,MONTEIRO A E,et al.Evaluation of the performance of the van Genuchten equation using a large database on soil water retention of tropical soils in Brazil[C]//AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts,2014.
[23]王小华,贾克力,刘景辉,等.Van Genuchten模型在土壤水分特征曲线拟合分析中的应用[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):179-183+188.
[24]肖建英,李永涛,王丽.利用Van Genuchten模型拟合土壤水分特征曲线[J].地下水,2007,29(5):46-47.
[25]GREEN T R,CONSTANTZ J E,FREYBERG D L.Upscaled soil-water retention using van Genuchten's function[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,1996,1(3):123-130.
[2]沈松平,王军,杨铭军.若尔盖高原沼泽湿地萎缩退化要因初探[J].四川地质学报,2003,23(2):123-125.
[3]郭洁,李国平.若尔盖气候变化及其对湿地退化的影响[J].高原气象,2007,26(2):422-428.
[4]ZHAO Nana,GOU Si,ZHANG Beibei,et al.Changes in pan evaporation and their attribution to climate factors in the zoige alpine wetland,the eastern edge of the tibetan plateau(1969-2014)[J].Water,2017,9(12):971.
[5]LI Binquan,YU Zhongbo,LIANG Zhongmin,et al.Effects of climate variations and human activities on runoff in the zoige alpine wetland in the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2014,19(5):1026-1035.
[6]李志威,王兆印,张晨笛,等.若尔盖沼泽湿地的萎缩机制[J].水科学进展,2014,25(2):172-180.
[7]闵泓翔.若尔盖高原湿地退化现状、成因及恢复对策研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[8]白军红,欧阳华,崔保山,等.近40年来若尔盖高原高寒湿地景观格局变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2245-2252.
[9]邓茂林,田昆,段宗亮,等.高原湿地若尔盖国家级自然保护区景观变化[J].山地学报,2010,28(2):240-246.
[10]游宇驰,李志威,李希来.1990-2011年若尔盖高原土地覆盖变化[J].水利水电科技进展,2018,38(2):62-69.
[11]甄硕,董李勤,郑茹敏,等.2007年和2016年若尔盖高原沼泽湿地景观格局及变化[J].湿地科学,2017,15(4):522-525.
[12]胡光印,董治宝,魏振海,等.近30 a来若尔盖盆地沙漠化时空演变过程及成因分析[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(8):908-916.
[13]游宇驰,李志威,黄草,等.1990-2016年若尔盖高原荒漠化时空变化分析[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(10):1671-1680.
[14]杨永兴,李珂,杨杨.排水疏干胁迫下若尔盖高原沼泽退化评价指标体系[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1826-1836.
[15]石承苍,涂军.川西北高原若尔盖草地沙化,湿地退化遥感监测与对策研究[C]//全国湿地规划生态保护及合理开发利用研讨会,成都:2009.
[16]李晋昌,王文丽,胡光印,等.若尔盖高原土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(12):3451-3459.
[17]戴洋,罗勇,王长科,等.1961-2008年若尔盖高原湿地的气候变化和突变分析[J].冰川冻土,2010,32(1):35-42.
[18]李志威,孙萌,游宇驰,等.若尔盖高原实际蒸散量变化规律研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(8):1317-1324.
[19]田应兵,熊明标,禾光煌.若尔盖高原湿地土壤的恢复演替及其水分与养分变化[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(1):21-25.
[20]熊远清,吴鹏飞,张洪芝,等.若尔盖湿地退化过程中土壤水源涵养功能[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5780-5788.
[21]张露,王益权,韩霁昌,等.基于van Genuchten模型的渭北苹果园土壤水分能量特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):120-126.
[22]OTTONI M V,LOPESASSAD M L,MONTEIRO A E,et al.Evaluation of the performance of the van Genuchten equation using a large database on soil water retention of tropical soils in Brazil[C]//AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts,2014.
[23]王小华,贾克力,刘景辉,等.Van Genuchten模型在土壤水分特征曲线拟合分析中的应用[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):179-183+188.
[24]肖建英,李永涛,王丽.利用Van Genuchten模型拟合土壤水分特征曲线[J].地下水,2007,29(5):46-47.
[25]GREEN T R,CONSTANTZ J E,FREYBERG D L.Upscaled soil-water retention using van Genuchten's function[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,1996,1(3):123-130.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |