无花果的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用
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摘要
综述了无花果的研究进展,为研究者提供参考。无花果(Ficus carica L.)是桑科榕属的经济植物,因花小,藏于花托内,又名隐花果,天生子,是药食兼优植物。它不仅甜美富营养,又是一味治病的中药,具有健胃清肠、消肿解毒、润肺止咳、清热生津、健脾轻泻等功效。无花果的化学成分主要有多糖、黄酮、酚类化合物、挥发油、花青素等,具有抗肿瘤、提高免疫力、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎、抗疲劳等功能,具有极高的医学药用价值和社会价值。无花果中丰富的化学成分,具有广泛的药理作用和显著的临床应用效果,因其显著的抗癌效果,常被称为"21世纪人类健康的守护神"。近年来,有研究报道,无花果植物在抗氧化、抗癌、抗肿瘤、降三高等方面具有特殊作用,现在已有许多医院在肿瘤防治中,重视无花果的临床应用。如今对无花果的研究越来越多,但是科研人员仍在积极寻找,开发高效性的无花果药物,在临床应用中也在不断地尝试将无花果作为主要的抗癌药物使用。通过对无花果的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用研究进展的重点综述得出,目前,对无花果的研发尚不深入,故此研究仍具很大挑战,前景亦广阔。
The research progress of figs was summarized,which could provide reference for researchers. Ficus carica L is an economic plant of the genus Sanctuary. It is small in flowers and hides in the torus. It is also known as cryptic and natural fruit. It is not only sweet and nutritious,but also a traditional Chinese medicine for treating diseases. It has the functions of strengthening the stomach and clearing the intestines,reducing swelling and detoxification,moistening the lungs and relieving cough,clearing away heat and fluid,and strengthening the spleen and diarrhea. The chemical constituents of figs mainly include polysaccharides,flavonoids,phenolic compounds,volatile oils,anthocyanins etc.,which have anti-tumor,immune-improving,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-fatigue and other functions by a large number of studies. This paper reviews the research progress of the chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Ficus,and it will be a research foundation for the development and utilization of Ficus. It points that nowadays the research and development of Ficus is still not in-depth,so the research still has great challenges and broad prospects.
The research progress of figs was summarized,which could provide reference for researchers. Ficus carica L is an economic plant of the genus Sanctuary. It is small in flowers and hides in the torus. It is also known as cryptic and natural fruit. It is not only sweet and nutritious,but also a traditional Chinese medicine for treating diseases. It has the functions of strengthening the stomach and clearing the intestines,reducing swelling and detoxification,moistening the lungs and relieving cough,clearing away heat and fluid,and strengthening the spleen and diarrhea. The chemical constituents of figs mainly include polysaccharides,flavonoids,phenolic compounds,volatile oils,anthocyanins etc.,which have anti-tumor,immune-improving,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-fatigue and other functions by a large number of studies. This paper reviews the research progress of the chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Ficus,and it will be a research foundation for the development and utilization of Ficus. It points that nowadays the research and development of Ficus is still not in-depth,so the research still has great challenges and broad prospects.
引文
[1]李明,安熙强,马媛.无花果研究进展[J].新疆中医药,2010,28(1):79-80.
[2]赵群,童军茂,田金虎,等.微波辅助提取无花果多糖的工艺研究[J].农产品加工(学刊),2012,(08):58-60.
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[4]李静,操庆国,凡军民,等.响应面法优化无花果多糖的提取条件研究[J].江西农业学报,2017,(12):97-101.
[5]潘悠优,花佩,王允祥,等.无花果多糖提取、分离纯化及生物活性的研究进展[J].食品科学,2016,37(17):289-295.
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[7]Backes E,Pereira C,Barros L,et al.Recovery of bioactive anthocyanin pigments from Ficus carica L.peel by heat,microwave,and ultrasound based extraction techniques[J].Food Research International,2018,113(13):197-209.
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[10]马金菊,孙江飞,武文浩,等.响应面法优化无花果叶总黄酮超声辅助提取工艺[J].中国酿造,2018,(03):118-121.
[11]张华英.无花果的研究与产业化发展对策[J].资源开发与市场,2003,19(5):314-316.
[12]Konyalioglu S,Saglam H,Kivcak B.α-Tocopherol,flavonoid,and phenol contents and antioxidant activity of Ficus carica leaves[J].Pharmaceut Biol,2005,43(8):683-686.
[13]Bachir Bey M,Meziant L,Benchikh L,et al.Deployment of response surface methodology to optimize recovery of dried dark fig(Ficus carica L.var.Azenjar)total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity[J].Food Chemistry,2014,162(4):277-282.
[14]Buenrostro-Figueroa J J,Velázquez M,Flores-Ortega O,et al.Solid state fermentation of fig(Ficus carica,L.)by-products using fungi to obtain phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and qualitative evaluation of phenolics obtained[J].Process Biochemistry,2017,(08):105-109.
[15]张英,田源红,王建科,等.不同产地无花果中微量元素的研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2010,27(05):17-19.
[16]郭润妮,倪孟祥.无花果多糖体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究[J].化学与生物工程,2015,32(03):49-52.
[17]戴伟娟,仲伟法,司端运,等.无花果多糖对荷S_(180)小鼠血清MDASOD和GSH-PX的影响[J].济宁医学院学报,2002,(01):20-21.
[18]马越,王丹,张超,等.花青素饮料缓解视疲劳作用的人体试验观察[J].中国食品学报,2015,15(08):42-46.
[19]王涛,关徐涛.原花青素对食管癌细胞的调节[J].海峡药学,2017,29(04):41-42.
[20]张蓓蓓.植物黄酮类化合物的研究[J].科技视界,2018,(23):155-157.
[21]Jeng K C,Yang C S,Siu W Y,et al.Supplementation with vitamins Cand E enhances cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy adults[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1996,64(6):960-965.
[22]孙秀川.维生素C对机体免疫功能的影响[J].内蒙古医学杂志,2014,46(2):174-176.
[23]赵天瑶,毛圣培,王佑成,等.酚类化合物的提取方法及其生物活性研究进展[J].食品工业,2017,(12):211-215.
[24]泮剑英.生物体中微量元素硒的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2011,(09):1-3.
[2]赵群,童军茂,田金虎,等.微波辅助提取无花果多糖的工艺研究[J].农产品加工(学刊),2012,(08):58-60.
[3]叶文斌.无花果多糖提取工艺及其功能研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(3):140-149.
[4]李静,操庆国,凡军民,等.响应面法优化无花果多糖的提取条件研究[J].江西农业学报,2017,(12):97-101.
[5]潘悠优,花佩,王允祥,等.无花果多糖提取、分离纯化及生物活性的研究进展[J].食品科学,2016,37(17):289-295.
[6]Due^nas M,JoséJoaquin Pérez-Alonso,Celestino Santos-Buelga,et al.Anthocyanin composition in fig(Ficus carica L.)[J].Journal of Food Composition&Analysis,2008,21(2):107-115.
[7]Backes E,Pereira C,Barros L,et al.Recovery of bioactive anthocyanin pigments from Ficus carica L.peel by heat,microwave,and ultrasound based extraction techniques[J].Food Research International,2018,113(13):197-209.
[8]赵萍,周海梅,吴云骥.无花果叶化学成分的研究---无花果叶挥发油的研究[J].中草药,2004,(12):24-25.
[9]田景奎,王爱武,吴丽敏,等.无花果叶挥发油化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(06):474.
[10]马金菊,孙江飞,武文浩,等.响应面法优化无花果叶总黄酮超声辅助提取工艺[J].中国酿造,2018,(03):118-121.
[11]张华英.无花果的研究与产业化发展对策[J].资源开发与市场,2003,19(5):314-316.
[12]Konyalioglu S,Saglam H,Kivcak B.α-Tocopherol,flavonoid,and phenol contents and antioxidant activity of Ficus carica leaves[J].Pharmaceut Biol,2005,43(8):683-686.
[13]Bachir Bey M,Meziant L,Benchikh L,et al.Deployment of response surface methodology to optimize recovery of dried dark fig(Ficus carica L.var.Azenjar)total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity[J].Food Chemistry,2014,162(4):277-282.
[14]Buenrostro-Figueroa J J,Velázquez M,Flores-Ortega O,et al.Solid state fermentation of fig(Ficus carica,L.)by-products using fungi to obtain phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity and qualitative evaluation of phenolics obtained[J].Process Biochemistry,2017,(08):105-109.
[15]张英,田源红,王建科,等.不同产地无花果中微量元素的研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2010,27(05):17-19.
[16]郭润妮,倪孟祥.无花果多糖体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究[J].化学与生物工程,2015,32(03):49-52.
[17]戴伟娟,仲伟法,司端运,等.无花果多糖对荷S_(180)小鼠血清MDASOD和GSH-PX的影响[J].济宁医学院学报,2002,(01):20-21.
[18]马越,王丹,张超,等.花青素饮料缓解视疲劳作用的人体试验观察[J].中国食品学报,2015,15(08):42-46.
[19]王涛,关徐涛.原花青素对食管癌细胞的调节[J].海峡药学,2017,29(04):41-42.
[20]张蓓蓓.植物黄酮类化合物的研究[J].科技视界,2018,(23):155-157.
[21]Jeng K C,Yang C S,Siu W Y,et al.Supplementation with vitamins Cand E enhances cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy adults[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1996,64(6):960-965.
[22]孙秀川.维生素C对机体免疫功能的影响[J].内蒙古医学杂志,2014,46(2):174-176.
[23]赵天瑶,毛圣培,王佑成,等.酚类化合物的提取方法及其生物活性研究进展[J].食品工业,2017,(12):211-215.
[24]泮剑英.生物体中微量元素硒的研究进展[J].微量元素与健康研究,2011,(09):1-3.
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