基于小波包分形和神经网络的地震与岩溶塌陷识别
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摘要
本文以近年来广西地震台网中心记录的天然地震和岩溶塌陷为例,尝试利用基于小波包的分形和径向基函数神经网络技术对这两类事件的波形进行识别,以期有效地识别地震与岩溶塌陷。结果表明,基于小波包分形与神经网络相结合的事件识别方法对天然地震和岩溶塌陷事件的识别率高达89.5%,可作为识别天然地震与岩溶塌陷的一个有效方法。
The focal mechanism and propagation path of natural earthquakes and karst collapse are different,so the frequency characteristics of their waveforms are different,too. The wavelet packet fractal method can effectively extract the natural earthquake and karst collapse waveform characteristics,and the radial basis function(RBF for short) neural network can well identify two kinds of events,therefore by using RBF neural network based on wavelet packet this paper takes the natural earthquake and karst collapse recorded by Guangxi Earthquake Networks Center in recent years as an example to try to identify two kinds of event waveforms. The results show that the recognition rate of natural earthquake and karst collapse event is up89.5%,suggesting it is an effective method to identify natural earthquakes and karst collapse.
The focal mechanism and propagation path of natural earthquakes and karst collapse are different,so the frequency characteristics of their waveforms are different,too. The wavelet packet fractal method can effectively extract the natural earthquake and karst collapse waveform characteristics,and the radial basis function(RBF for short) neural network can well identify two kinds of events,therefore by using RBF neural network based on wavelet packet this paper takes the natural earthquake and karst collapse recorded by Guangxi Earthquake Networks Center in recent years as an example to try to identify two kinds of event waveforms. The results show that the recognition rate of natural earthquake and karst collapse event is up89.5%,suggesting it is an effective method to identify natural earthquakes and karst collapse.
引文
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尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕,裴建良.2009.岩石破坏声发射平静期及其分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,28(增刊2):3383–3390.Yin X G,Li S L,Tang H Y,Pei J L.2009.Study on quiet period and its fractal characteristics of rock failure acoustic emission[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,28(S2):3383–3390(in Chinese).
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张黎明,任明远,马绍琼,王在泉,王金良.2015.大理岩卸围压破坏全过程的声发射及分形特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,34(增刊1):2862–2867.Zhang L M,Ren M Y,Ma S Q,Wang Z Q,Wang J L.2015.Acoustic emission and fractal characteristics of marble during unloading failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,34(S1):2862–2867(in Chinese).
张萍,蒋秀琴,苗春兰,邹向荣.2005.爆破、矿震与地震的波谱差异[J].地震地磁观测与研究,26(3):24–34.Zhang P,Jiang X Q,Miao C L,Zou X R.2005.The differences of wave spectrum among explosion,mine tremor and earthquake[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,26(3):24–34(in Chinese).
赵博超,朱蓓,王弘元,赖柄霖.2015.浅谈岩溶塌陷的影响因素与模型研究[J].中国岩溶,34(5):515–521.Zhao B C,Zhu B,Wang H Y,Lai B L.2015.Influence factors and mathematical models of karst collapses[J].Carsologica Sinica,34 (5):515–521(in Chinese).
朱权洁,姜福兴,尹永明,于正兴,温经林.2012.基于小波分形特征与模式识别的矿山微震波形识别研究[J].岩土工程学报,34(11):2036–2042.Zhu Q J,Jiang F X,Yin Y M,Yu Z X,Wen J L.2012.Classification of mine microseismic events based on wavelet-fractal method and pattern recognition[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,34(11):2036–2042(in Chinese).
Beccar-Varela M P,Gonzalez-Huizar H,Mariani M C,Tweneboah O K.2016.Use of wavelets techniques to discriminate between explosions and natural earthquakes[J].Phys A Stat Mech Appl,457:42–51.
Haykin S.2001.Neural Networks:A Comprehensive Foundation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:278.
Kortstr?m J,Uski M,Tiira T.2016.Automatic classification of seismic events within a regional seismograph network[J].Comput Geosci,87:22–30.
Pasyanos M E.2010.A general method to estimate earthquake moment and magnitude using regional phase amplitudes[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(4):1724–1732.
Taylor S R.2011.Statistical discriminants from two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,101 (4):1584–1589.
Y?lmaz?,Bayrak Y,??nar H.2013.Discrimination of earthquakes and quarry blasts in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey[J].J Seismol,17(2):721–734.
和雪松,李世愚,沈萍,冯全雄.2006.用小波包识别地震和矿震[J].中国地震,22(4):425–434.He X S,Li S Y,Shen P,Feng Q X.2006.A wavelet packet approach to wave classification of earthquakes and mining shocks[J].Earthquake Research in China,22(4):425–434(in Chinese).
靳玉贞,林木金,范晓瑜,刘晓萍,何佳,杨世英,孟彩菊.2015.山西地区爆破、塌陷(矿震)特殊地震动特征识别[J].地震地磁观测与研究,36(3):63–66.Jin Y Z,Lin M J,Fan X Y,Liu X P,He J,Yang S Y,Meng C J.2015.Feature recognition of explosion,collapse(mine earthquake)to specific ground motion in Shanxi region[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,36(3):63 –66(in Chinese).
刘莎,杨建思,田宝峰,郑钰,姜旭东,徐志强.2012.首都圈地区爆破、矿塌和天然地震的识别研究[J].地震学报,34 (2):202–214.Liu S,Yang J S,Tian B F,Zheng Y,Jiang X D,Xu Z Q.2012.Discrimination between explosions,mine collapses and earthquakes in capital region of China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,34(2):202–214(in Chinese).
覃子建,罗远模,王继安.1996.喀斯特地震研究[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,14(4):6–16.Qin Z J,Luo Y M,Wang J A.1996.The research on earthquakes in karst areas[J].Journal of Guizhou Normal University:Natural Science,14(4):6–16(in Chinese).
王婷婷,边银菊,张博.2014.地震与爆破的小波包识别判据研究[J].地震学报,36(2):220–232.Wang T T,Bian Y J,Zhang B.2014.Recognition criteria of earthquakes and explosions based on wavelet packet analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,36(2):220–232(in Chinese).
王婷婷,边银菊.2015.振幅衰减特性在地震与爆破识别中的应用[J].地震学报,37(1):169–179.Wang T T,Bian Y J.2015.Amplitude attenuation and its application to earthquake and explosion discrimination[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,37(1):169–179(in Chinese).
吴宝峰,闫峰.2009.P波视速度方法识别爆破群的初步研究[J].地震地磁观与研究,30(2):74–76.Wu B F,Yan F.2009.Preliminary study on identification of blasts cluster using the P-wave apparent velocity[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,30(2):74–76(in Chinese).
谢全民,龙源,钟明寿,刘好全,周翔.2011.小波包与分形组合技术在爆破振动信号分析中的应用研究[J].振动与冲击,30 (1):11–15.Xie Q M,Long Y,Zhong M S,Liu H Q,Zhou X.2011.Application of wavelet packet and fractal combination technology in blasting vibration signal analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,30(1):11–15(in Chinese).
叶庆东,丁志峰,王生文,余大新,郑晨.2017.汶川地震科学钻探3号井孔附近微震震源参数确定及其意义[J].地球物理学报,60(7):2716–2732.Ye Q D,Ding Z F,Wang S W,Yu D X,Zheng C.2017.Determining the source parameters of the microearthquakes near the third borehole of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling(WFSD-3)and its implications[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,60(7):2716–2732(in Chinese).
尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕,裴建良.2009.岩石破坏声发射平静期及其分形特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,28(增刊2):3383–3390.Yin X G,Li S L,Tang H Y,Pei J L.2009.Study on quiet period and its fractal characteristics of rock failure acoustic emission[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,28(S2):3383–3390(in Chinese).
张济忠.1995.分形[M].北京:清华大学出版社:123.Zhang J Z.1995.Fractal[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:123(in Chinese).
张黎明,任明远,马绍琼,王在泉,王金良.2015.大理岩卸围压破坏全过程的声发射及分形特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,34(增刊1):2862–2867.Zhang L M,Ren M Y,Ma S Q,Wang Z Q,Wang J L.2015.Acoustic emission and fractal characteristics of marble during unloading failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,34(S1):2862–2867(in Chinese).
张萍,蒋秀琴,苗春兰,邹向荣.2005.爆破、矿震与地震的波谱差异[J].地震地磁观测与研究,26(3):24–34.Zhang P,Jiang X Q,Miao C L,Zou X R.2005.The differences of wave spectrum among explosion,mine tremor and earthquake[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,26(3):24–34(in Chinese).
赵博超,朱蓓,王弘元,赖柄霖.2015.浅谈岩溶塌陷的影响因素与模型研究[J].中国岩溶,34(5):515–521.Zhao B C,Zhu B,Wang H Y,Lai B L.2015.Influence factors and mathematical models of karst collapses[J].Carsologica Sinica,34 (5):515–521(in Chinese).
朱权洁,姜福兴,尹永明,于正兴,温经林.2012.基于小波分形特征与模式识别的矿山微震波形识别研究[J].岩土工程学报,34(11):2036–2042.Zhu Q J,Jiang F X,Yin Y M,Yu Z X,Wen J L.2012.Classification of mine microseismic events based on wavelet-fractal method and pattern recognition[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,34(11):2036–2042(in Chinese).
Beccar-Varela M P,Gonzalez-Huizar H,Mariani M C,Tweneboah O K.2016.Use of wavelets techniques to discriminate between explosions and natural earthquakes[J].Phys A Stat Mech Appl,457:42–51.
Haykin S.2001.Neural Networks:A Comprehensive Foundation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:278.
Kortstr?m J,Uski M,Tiira T.2016.Automatic classification of seismic events within a regional seismograph network[J].Comput Geosci,87:22–30.
Pasyanos M E.2010.A general method to estimate earthquake moment and magnitude using regional phase amplitudes[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(4):1724–1732.
Taylor S R.2011.Statistical discriminants from two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,101 (4):1584–1589.
Y?lmaz?,Bayrak Y,??nar H.2013.Discrimination of earthquakes and quarry blasts in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey[J].J Seismol,17(2):721–734.