棉花施用脱叶剂对相邻未着药叶片生理活性的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究脱叶剂噻苯隆(Thidiazuron, TDZ)处理后,未着药叶片对脱叶剂的响应机理。【方法】以中棉所50为材料,分析TDZ涂抹叶片不同时间(1 d、3 d、6 d、10 d)后其相邻未着药棉花叶片的光合与叶绿素荧光特性、内源保护酶活性及内源激素含量等的变化。【结果】棉花叶片涂抹TDZ 6 d后着药叶片脱叶率达到100%,而其相邻未着药叶片在试验期内(TDZ处理后10 d)无脱落。在TDZ施用的前期,未着药棉花叶片净光合速率(Pn)迅速降低,之后逐渐升高恢复至清水对照(CK)水平。TDZ施用亦降低了未着药棉花叶片光系统II的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII量子产量(ΦPSII)、电子传递速率(Ret)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),提高了非光化学猝灭系数(qNP);但在处理后10 d,各叶绿素荧光参数逐渐恢复到CK水平。TDZ施用显著提高了相邻未着药棉花叶片的超氧化物歧化酶活性,对过氧化物酶活性影响较小,而降低了丙二醛含量。TDZ施用后的3 d、6 d,未着药叶片的脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)含量显著低于CK,而在处理后10 d,ABA含量与CK无差异;TDZ处理对未着药棉花叶片的生长素含量影响较小。【结论】棉花施用噻苯隆显著影响相邻未着药叶片的光合、叶绿素荧光特性、内源保护酶活性及内源激素含量,但药后10 d时未着药叶片的生理活性逐渐恢复到正常水平,这可能是其未脱落的部分原因。
[Objective]The aim of this study is to elucidate the physiological mechanism of cotton leaf without defoliant response to thidiazuron(TDZ).[Method] A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of defoliants on the photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,antioxidant enzyme activity,and endogenous hormone contents of cotton leaf without defoliant at 1 d,3 d,6 d and 10 d after the application of TDZ.Cultivar CCRI-50 was used for this experiment.[Result] TDZ rapidly induced cotton leaf abscission,however,no abscission was detected to the cotton leaf without defoliants.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of cotton leaf without defoliants was reduced by 1 d,3 d and 6 d after TDZ applied,but rise to the control treated with water level by 10 d.TDZ also caused a significant decline in the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II(Fv/Fm),the quantum yield of electron transport(ΦPSII),the electron transport rate(Ret) and the photochemical quenching coefficient(qP),but an increase in the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(qNP).However,with the same changes as Pn,the chlorophyll fluorescence characters got to the control by 10 d.TDZ application significantly increased the superoxide dismutase activity,did not affect the peroxidase activity,decease the malondialdehyde content.Abscisic acid contents in the cotton leaf without defoliant were lower than control by 3 d and 6 d after the applied of TDZ,but have the same level with control at 10 d,and the auxin had a little changes compared with control during the whole period of experimental time.[Conclusion] TDZ application significantly affect the photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,antioxidant enzyme activity,and endogenous hormone contents of cotton leaf without defoliant.When the leaf with defoliant drop off,the physiological characters of cotton leaf without of defoliants recovered to control level,and no abscission were detected.
[Objective]The aim of this study is to elucidate the physiological mechanism of cotton leaf without defoliant response to thidiazuron(TDZ).[Method] A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of defoliants on the photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,antioxidant enzyme activity,and endogenous hormone contents of cotton leaf without defoliant at 1 d,3 d,6 d and 10 d after the application of TDZ.Cultivar CCRI-50 was used for this experiment.[Result] TDZ rapidly induced cotton leaf abscission,however,no abscission was detected to the cotton leaf without defoliants.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of cotton leaf without defoliants was reduced by 1 d,3 d and 6 d after TDZ applied,but rise to the control treated with water level by 10 d.TDZ also caused a significant decline in the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II(Fv/Fm),the quantum yield of electron transport(ΦPSII),the electron transport rate(Ret) and the photochemical quenching coefficient(qP),but an increase in the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(qNP).However,with the same changes as Pn,the chlorophyll fluorescence characters got to the control by 10 d.TDZ application significantly increased the superoxide dismutase activity,did not affect the peroxidase activity,decease the malondialdehyde content.Abscisic acid contents in the cotton leaf without defoliant were lower than control by 3 d and 6 d after the applied of TDZ,but have the same level with control at 10 d,and the auxin had a little changes compared with control during the whole period of experimental time.[Conclusion] TDZ application significantly affect the photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence,antioxidant enzyme activity,and endogenous hormone contents of cotton leaf without defoliant.When the leaf with defoliant drop off,the physiological characters of cotton leaf without of defoliants recovered to control level,and no abscission were detected.
引文
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[8]杨长琴,张国伟,刘瑞显,等.种植密度和缩节胺调控对麦后直播棉产量和冠层特征的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(4):331-338.https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201604003.Yang Changqin,Zhang Guowei,Liu Ruixian,et al.Effects of planting density and growth regulator mepiquat chloride on yields and canopy architecture of cotton sown after harvesting barley[J].Cotton Science,2016,28(4):331-338.
[9]裴新民,张友腾,刘晨,等.我国棉花生产机械化发展状况研究[J].农机科技推广,2011(1):19-22.Pei Xinmin,Zhang Youteng,Liu Chen,et al.Research on the development status of mechanization production on cotton in China[J].Agriculture Machinery Technology Extension,2011(1):19-22.
[10]田晓莉,段留生,李召虎,等.棉花化学催熟与脱叶的生理基础[J].植物生理学通讯,2004,40(6):758-762.https://doi.org/10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2004.06.037.Tian Xiaoli,Duan Liusheng,Li Zhaohu,et al.Physiological bases of chemical accelerated boll maturation and defoliation in cotton[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2004,40(6):758-762.
[11]高丽丽,李淦,康正华,等.脱叶剂对棉花抗氧化酶及内源激素的影响[J].农药学学报,2016,18(4):439-446.https://doi.org/10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2016.0061.Gao Lili,Li Gan,Kang Zhenghua,et al.Effect of defoliants on antioxidative enzyme activity and endogenous hormone contents of cotton[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2016,18(4):439-446.
[12]高丽丽,李淦,康正华,等.脱叶剂对棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(4):345-352.https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201604005.Gao Lili,Li Gan,Kang Zhenghua,et al.Effect of defoliants on chlorophyll fluorescence of cotton leaves[J].Cotton Science,2016,28(4):345-352.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Li Hesheng.Plant physiological and biochemical experiment principle and technology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.
[14]Pan Xiangqing,Ruth W,Wang Xuemin.Quantitative analysis of major plant hormones in crude plant extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Nature Protocols,2010,5(6):986-992.https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2010.37.
[15]贾鹏禹,曾明飞,冯乃杰,等.在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测大豆不同部位的4种植物激素[J].分析化学,2014,42(12):1743-1749.https://doi.org/10.11895/jissn.0253-3820.140705.Jia Pengyu,Zeng Mingfei,Feng Naijie,et al.An automated dual-gradient liquid chromatography-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of four kinds of plants hormones in different parts of soya beans and its application to a real analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2014,42(12):1743-1749.
[16]薛国希,高辉远,李鹏民,等.低温下壳聚糖处理对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2004,30(4):441-448.Xue Guoxi,Gao Huiyuan,Li Pengmin,et al.Effects of chitosan treatment on physiological and biochemical characteristics in cucumber seedlings under low temperature[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2004,30(4):441-448.
[17]郭盛磊,阎秀峰,白冰,等.供氮水平对落叶松幼苗光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1291-1298.Guo Shenglei,Yan Xiufeng,Bai Bing,et al.Effects of nitrogen supply on photosynthesis in larch seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(6):1291-1298.
[18]刘瑞显,郭文琦,陈兵林,等.氮素对花铃期干旱及复水后棉花叶片保护酶活性和内源激素含量的影响[J].作物学报,200834(9):1598-1607.https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01598.Liu Ruixian,Guo Wenqi,Chen Binglin,et al.Effects of nitrogen on the antioxidant enzyme activities and endogenous hormone contents of cotton leaf under drought stress and after soil re-watering during the flowering and boll-forming stage[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(9):1598-1607.
[19]刘月娥.喷施脱叶剂对棉花组织中脱落酸含量的影响研究[J].新疆大学学报,2003,20(2):158-160.Liu Yue'e.The study on effect of the defoliant to content of abscisic acid in cotton tissue[J].Journal of Xinjiang University,2003,20(2):158-160.
[20]秦维彩,薛新宇,崔龙飞,等.棉花脱叶剂施药机喷雾参数优化与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(4):25-32.https://doi.org/10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2017.04.006.Qin Weicai,Xue Xinyu,Cui Longfei,et al.Optimization and test for spraying parameters of cotton defoliant sprayer[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(4):25-32.
[21]Snipes C E,Wills G D.Influence of temperature and adjuvants on thidiazuron activity in cotton leaves[J].Weed Science,1994,42(1):13-17.
[2]马俊凯.全程机械化是棉花生产的根本出路[J].中国纤检,2014(1):28-30.https://doi.org/10.14162/j.cnki.11-4772/t.2014.01.006.Ma Junkai.Fundamental way for cotton production is the mechanization[J].China Fiber Inspection,2014(1):28-30.
[3]王爱玉,高明伟,王志伟,等.棉花化学脱叶催熟技术应用研究进展[J].农学学报,2015,5(4):20-23.Wang Aiyu,Gao Mingwei,Wang Zhiwei,et al.Research progress on the technology of chemical defoliation and ripening in cotton[J].Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(4):20-23.
[4]李艺,杜明伟,田晓莉,等.棉花叶片脱落过程中离层细胞微管的变化研究[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2016,34(1):1-7.https://doi.org/10.13880/j.cnki.65-1174/n.2016.01.001.Li Yi,Du Mingwei,Tian Xiaoli,et al.Study on the changes of microtubule cytoskeleton of abscission zone during leaf abscission in cotton[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2016,34(1):1-7.
[5]姜伟丽,马艳,马小艳,等.不同脱叶催熟剂在棉花上的应用效果[J].中国棉花,2013,40(10):11-14.Jiang Weili,Ma Yan,Ma Xiaoyan,et al.The application effect of different defoliants and ripeners on cotton[J].China Cotton,2013,40(10):11-14.
[6]马艳,彭军,崔金杰,等.几种脱叶催熟剂在棉花上的应用效果研究[J].中国棉花,2009,36(9):29-31.Ma Yan,Peng Jun,Cui Jinjie,et al.Study on the application effect of several defoliation ripening agents on cotton[J].China Cotton,2009,36(9):29-31.
[7]骆泽辉.不同脱叶剂在棉花上的应用效果[J].石河子科技,2012(1):9-10.Luo Zehui.Application effect of different defoliants on cotton[J]Shihezi Science and Technology,2012(1):9-10.
[8]杨长琴,张国伟,刘瑞显,等.种植密度和缩节胺调控对麦后直播棉产量和冠层特征的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(4):331-338.https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201604003.Yang Changqin,Zhang Guowei,Liu Ruixian,et al.Effects of planting density and growth regulator mepiquat chloride on yields and canopy architecture of cotton sown after harvesting barley[J].Cotton Science,2016,28(4):331-338.
[9]裴新民,张友腾,刘晨,等.我国棉花生产机械化发展状况研究[J].农机科技推广,2011(1):19-22.Pei Xinmin,Zhang Youteng,Liu Chen,et al.Research on the development status of mechanization production on cotton in China[J].Agriculture Machinery Technology Extension,2011(1):19-22.
[10]田晓莉,段留生,李召虎,等.棉花化学催熟与脱叶的生理基础[J].植物生理学通讯,2004,40(6):758-762.https://doi.org/10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2004.06.037.Tian Xiaoli,Duan Liusheng,Li Zhaohu,et al.Physiological bases of chemical accelerated boll maturation and defoliation in cotton[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2004,40(6):758-762.
[11]高丽丽,李淦,康正华,等.脱叶剂对棉花抗氧化酶及内源激素的影响[J].农药学学报,2016,18(4):439-446.https://doi.org/10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2016.0061.Gao Lili,Li Gan,Kang Zhenghua,et al.Effect of defoliants on antioxidative enzyme activity and endogenous hormone contents of cotton[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2016,18(4):439-446.
[12]高丽丽,李淦,康正华,等.脱叶剂对棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(4):345-352.https://doi.org/10.11963/issn.1002-7807.201604005.Gao Lili,Li Gan,Kang Zhenghua,et al.Effect of defoliants on chlorophyll fluorescence of cotton leaves[J].Cotton Science,2016,28(4):345-352.
[13]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.Li Hesheng.Plant physiological and biochemical experiment principle and technology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.
[14]Pan Xiangqing,Ruth W,Wang Xuemin.Quantitative analysis of major plant hormones in crude plant extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Nature Protocols,2010,5(6):986-992.https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2010.37.
[15]贾鹏禹,曾明飞,冯乃杰,等.在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测大豆不同部位的4种植物激素[J].分析化学,2014,42(12):1743-1749.https://doi.org/10.11895/jissn.0253-3820.140705.Jia Pengyu,Zeng Mingfei,Feng Naijie,et al.An automated dual-gradient liquid chromatography-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of four kinds of plants hormones in different parts of soya beans and its application to a real analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2014,42(12):1743-1749.
[16]薛国希,高辉远,李鹏民,等.低温下壳聚糖处理对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2004,30(4):441-448.Xue Guoxi,Gao Huiyuan,Li Pengmin,et al.Effects of chitosan treatment on physiological and biochemical characteristics in cucumber seedlings under low temperature[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2004,30(4):441-448.
[17]郭盛磊,阎秀峰,白冰,等.供氮水平对落叶松幼苗光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1291-1298.Guo Shenglei,Yan Xiufeng,Bai Bing,et al.Effects of nitrogen supply on photosynthesis in larch seedlings[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(6):1291-1298.
[18]刘瑞显,郭文琦,陈兵林,等.氮素对花铃期干旱及复水后棉花叶片保护酶活性和内源激素含量的影响[J].作物学报,200834(9):1598-1607.https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01598.Liu Ruixian,Guo Wenqi,Chen Binglin,et al.Effects of nitrogen on the antioxidant enzyme activities and endogenous hormone contents of cotton leaf under drought stress and after soil re-watering during the flowering and boll-forming stage[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(9):1598-1607.
[19]刘月娥.喷施脱叶剂对棉花组织中脱落酸含量的影响研究[J].新疆大学学报,2003,20(2):158-160.Liu Yue'e.The study on effect of the defoliant to content of abscisic acid in cotton tissue[J].Journal of Xinjiang University,2003,20(2):158-160.
[20]秦维彩,薛新宇,崔龙飞,等.棉花脱叶剂施药机喷雾参数优化与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(4):25-32.https://doi.org/10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2017.04.006.Qin Weicai,Xue Xinyu,Cui Longfei,et al.Optimization and test for spraying parameters of cotton defoliant sprayer[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2017,38(4):25-32.
[21]Snipes C E,Wills G D.Influence of temperature and adjuvants on thidiazuron activity in cotton leaves[J].Weed Science,1994,42(1):13-17.