工作场所空气中甲基叔丁基醚职业接触限值研究
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摘要
目的制定我国工作场所空气中甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的职业接触限值。方法根据GBZ/T 210.1—2008《职业卫生标准制定指南第1部分:工作场所化学物质职业接触限值》,通过文献检索,收集分析与MTBE有关的理化特性、毒理学、职业流行病学和国外职业接触限值等资料;以180名职业接触MTBE的工人为接触组,以155名不接触MTBE的工人和行政后勤人员为对照组,开展现场职业卫生学调查和职业健康检查。结合文献资料,推断我国工作场所空气中MTBE的职业接触限值。结果美国和英国制定的工作场所空气中MTBE的时间加权平均值均为180.00 mg/m~3,澳大利亚和新西兰制定的工作场所空气中MTBE的短时间接触限值为270.00 mg/m~3。接触组人群MTBE个体接触时间加权平均浓度(C_(TWA))为<0.08～4.90 mg/m~3;部分工作场所空气中短时间接触浓度为<0.10～14.28 mg/m~3,C_(TWA)为<0.02～83.66 mg/m~3。接触组和对照组人群自觉不适症状和各项健康检查指标异常检出率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论建议将我国工作场所空气中MTBE的时间加权平均容许浓度定为180.00 mg/m~3,短时间接触容许浓度定为270.00 mg/m~3。
Objective To establish the occupational exposure limits for methyl t-butyl ether(MTBE) in the air of workplace in China. Methods According to the GBZ/T 210.1-2008 Guide for Establishing Occupational Health Standards--Part 1: Occupational Exposure Limits for Airborne Chemicals in the Workplace, we collected and analyzed data on physical and chemical properties, toxicology, occupational epidemiology and foreign occupational exposure limits related to MTBE by literature search. A total of 180 occupational workers exposed to MTBE were selected as exposure group, and 155 workers and administrative logistics personnel without exposure to MTBE were selected as the control group. Occupational hygiene investigation and occupational physical examination were carried out. We deduced the occupational exposure limits for MTBE in workplace air in China by combining literature data. Results The time-weighted average(TWA) of MTBE in the workplace air developed by the United States of America and Britain is 180.00 mg/m~3. The short-term exposure limit(STEL) of MTBE in the workplace air developed by Australia and New Zealand is 270.00 mg/m~3. The concentration of TWA(C_(TWA)) of MTBE in the exposure group was less than 0.08-4.90 mg/m~3. The concentration of short term exposure was less than 0.10-14.28 mg/m~3, and the C_(TWA) was less than 0.02-83.66 mg/m~3, in parts of workplaces. There was no statistically significant difference on the self-conscious discomfort and the abnormality in physical examination between these two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion It's recommended that the permissible concentration-TWA of MTBE should be set at 180.00 mg/m~3, and the permissible concentration-STEL should be set at 270.00 mg/m~3 in China.
Objective To establish the occupational exposure limits for methyl t-butyl ether(MTBE) in the air of workplace in China. Methods According to the GBZ/T 210.1-2008 Guide for Establishing Occupational Health Standards--Part 1: Occupational Exposure Limits for Airborne Chemicals in the Workplace, we collected and analyzed data on physical and chemical properties, toxicology, occupational epidemiology and foreign occupational exposure limits related to MTBE by literature search. A total of 180 occupational workers exposed to MTBE were selected as exposure group, and 155 workers and administrative logistics personnel without exposure to MTBE were selected as the control group. Occupational hygiene investigation and occupational physical examination were carried out. We deduced the occupational exposure limits for MTBE in workplace air in China by combining literature data. Results The time-weighted average(TWA) of MTBE in the workplace air developed by the United States of America and Britain is 180.00 mg/m~3. The short-term exposure limit(STEL) of MTBE in the workplace air developed by Australia and New Zealand is 270.00 mg/m~3. The concentration of TWA(C_(TWA)) of MTBE in the exposure group was less than 0.08-4.90 mg/m~3. The concentration of short term exposure was less than 0.10-14.28 mg/m~3, and the C_(TWA) was less than 0.02-83.66 mg/m~3, in parts of workplaces. There was no statistically significant difference on the self-conscious discomfort and the abnormality in physical examination between these two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion It's recommended that the permissible concentration-TWA of MTBE should be set at 180.00 mg/m~3, and the permissible concentration-STEL should be set at 270.00 mg/m~3 in China.
引文
[1] 北京西林布克网络科技有限公司.甲基叔丁基醚[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. http://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemi-calPropertiesCB2853178.htm.
[2] 沈鹏飞,侯文杰,许明杰,等.甲基叔丁基醚的市场现状及工艺技术进展[J].化学工程师,2018(1):50-53.
[3] 薛惠中,吴南翔.甲基叔丁基醚毒性及健康影响研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(2):186-188.
[4] 中华人民共和国卫生部.职业卫生标准制定指南第1部分:工作场所化学物质职业接触限值:GBZ/T 210.1—2008[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.
[5] 中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ/T 159—2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.
[6] 吴邦华,张子群,陈利平,等.工作场所空气中甲基叔丁基醚的气相色谱测定[J].中国职业医学,2005,32(2):56-57.
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[9] U.S.Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicological profile for methyl tert-butyl ether[M]. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,1996:111-116.
[10] BELLER H R, MIDDAUGH J P. Potential illness due to exposure to oxygenated fuels, Fairbanks, Alaska[R]. Anchorage, Alaska: State of Alaska Department of Health and Social Services,1992.
[11] 胡大林,彭晓武,彭晓春,等.甲基叔丁基醚对加油站职业人群血清淋巴细胞DNA的损伤[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(10):758-761.
[12] 胡大林,彭晓武,彭晓春,等.甲基叔丁基醚对加油站职业人群血清淋巴细胞DNA损伤研究[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(9):667.
[13] 薛惠中,王禹,高明,等.甲基叔丁基醚职业暴露人群淋巴细胞遗传损伤研究[J].预防医学,2017,29 (8):757-761.
[14] 王心,饶克宇,尚丽新,等.甲基叔丁基醚暴露对育龄女性生殖内分泌激素的影响[J].中华临床医师杂志(电子版),2012,6(21):6780-6783.
[15] 饶克宇,王心,尚丽新,等.甲基叔丁基醚对女性月经周期的影响[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2012,23(4):45-48.
[16] 李琴,黄炯丽,卿利,等.南宁市加油站工人甲基叔丁基醚暴露健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(5):447-448.
[17] 杨红,李红艳,高锦伍,等.甲基叔丁基醚无铅汽油的毒性研究[J].中国公共卫生,2002,18(2):143-145.
[18] 谢光珊.甲基叔丁基醚细胞毒性作用的蛋白质组学研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2016.
[19] DODD D E, LAYKO D K, BERMUDEZ E, et al. Methyl tertiary-butyl ether(MTBE): two -year combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity drinking water study in Wistar rats[R]. North Carolina: Hamner Institute for Health Sciences,2010.
[20] BENSON J M, GIGLIOTTI A P, MARCH T H, et al. Chronic carcinogenicity study of gasoline vapor condensate (GVC) and GVC containing methyl tertiarybutyl ether in F344 rats[J]. Toxicol Environ Health,Part A,2011,74:638-657.
[21] National Toxicology Program. NTP Chemical Nomination Background[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/mtbe_508.pdf.
[22] 贺性鹏,蔡亚平,贺栋梁,等.汽油添加剂甲基叔丁基醚对小鼠遗传毒性的作用[J].中国职业医学,2003,30(1):8-9.
[23] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. International chemical safety cards (ICSC): methyl tert-butyl ether[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng1164.html.
[24] Health and Safety Executive. EH40/2005 Workplace exposure limits[S]. UK:HSE Books,2013.
[25] 李祈,张敏.中国GBZ 2.1与德国MAK工作场所化学有害因素职业接触限值比较研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(4):166-175.
[26] Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS). Exposure standards search results[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. http://hcis.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/ExposureStandards/Search?FormattedCas-No=&Name=&Source=&Notes=&fromDate=&toDate=&SearchBy=Cas_No&SearchText=1634-04- 4&Sort=Cas_No&results=30&isAdvancedSearch=false.
[27] International Labour Organization. Chemical exposure limits[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. http://www.ilo.org/safework/info/WCMS_151534/lang-en/index.htm.
[28] National Toxicology Program. Toxicity effects of methyl tert-butyl ether[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/cebs3/ntpviews/index.cfm?action=testarticle.toxicity&cas_number=1634-04- 4.
[29] American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Methyl tert-butyl ether: TLV(R) chemical substances 7th edition documentation[M/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://www.acgih.org/forms/store/ProductFormPublic/benzene-tlv-r-chemical-substances-7th-edition-documentation.
[2] 沈鹏飞,侯文杰,许明杰,等.甲基叔丁基醚的市场现状及工艺技术进展[J].化学工程师,2018(1):50-53.
[3] 薛惠中,吴南翔.甲基叔丁基醚毒性及健康影响研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(2):186-188.
[4] 中华人民共和国卫生部.职业卫生标准制定指南第1部分:工作场所化学物质职业接触限值:GBZ/T 210.1—2008[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.
[5] 中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ/T 159—2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006.
[6] 吴邦华,张子群,陈利平,等.工作场所空气中甲基叔丁基醚的气相色谱测定[J].中国职业医学,2005,32(2):56-57.
[7] 中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.职业健康监护技术规范:GBZ 188—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[8] Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET). Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) [EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/f?./temp/～qik7za:2.
[9] U.S.Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicological profile for methyl tert-butyl ether[M]. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,1996:111-116.
[10] BELLER H R, MIDDAUGH J P. Potential illness due to exposure to oxygenated fuels, Fairbanks, Alaska[R]. Anchorage, Alaska: State of Alaska Department of Health and Social Services,1992.
[11] 胡大林,彭晓武,彭晓春,等.甲基叔丁基醚对加油站职业人群血清淋巴细胞DNA的损伤[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(10):758-761.
[12] 胡大林,彭晓武,彭晓春,等.甲基叔丁基醚对加油站职业人群血清淋巴细胞DNA损伤研究[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(9):667.
[13] 薛惠中,王禹,高明,等.甲基叔丁基醚职业暴露人群淋巴细胞遗传损伤研究[J].预防医学,2017,29 (8):757-761.
[14] 王心,饶克宇,尚丽新,等.甲基叔丁基醚暴露对育龄女性生殖内分泌激素的影响[J].中华临床医师杂志(电子版),2012,6(21):6780-6783.
[15] 饶克宇,王心,尚丽新,等.甲基叔丁基醚对女性月经周期的影响[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2012,23(4):45-48.
[16] 李琴,黄炯丽,卿利,等.南宁市加油站工人甲基叔丁基醚暴露健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(5):447-448.
[17] 杨红,李红艳,高锦伍,等.甲基叔丁基醚无铅汽油的毒性研究[J].中国公共卫生,2002,18(2):143-145.
[18] 谢光珊.甲基叔丁基醚细胞毒性作用的蛋白质组学研究[D].湘潭:湘潭大学,2016.
[19] DODD D E, LAYKO D K, BERMUDEZ E, et al. Methyl tertiary-butyl ether(MTBE): two -year combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity drinking water study in Wistar rats[R]. North Carolina: Hamner Institute for Health Sciences,2010.
[20] BENSON J M, GIGLIOTTI A P, MARCH T H, et al. Chronic carcinogenicity study of gasoline vapor condensate (GVC) and GVC containing methyl tertiarybutyl ether in F344 rats[J]. Toxicol Environ Health,Part A,2011,74:638-657.
[21] National Toxicology Program. NTP Chemical Nomination Background[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/mtbe_508.pdf.
[22] 贺性鹏,蔡亚平,贺栋梁,等.汽油添加剂甲基叔丁基醚对小鼠遗传毒性的作用[J].中国职业医学,2003,30(1):8-9.
[23] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. International chemical safety cards (ICSC): methyl tert-butyl ether[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng1164.html.
[24] Health and Safety Executive. EH40/2005 Workplace exposure limits[S]. UK:HSE Books,2013.
[25] 李祈,张敏.中国GBZ 2.1与德国MAK工作场所化学有害因素职业接触限值比较研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(4):166-175.
[26] Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS). Exposure standards search results[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. http://hcis.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/ExposureStandards/Search?FormattedCas-No=&Name=&Source=&Notes=&fromDate=&toDate=&SearchBy=Cas_No&SearchText=1634-04- 4&Sort=Cas_No&results=30&isAdvancedSearch=false.
[27] International Labour Organization. Chemical exposure limits[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. http://www.ilo.org/safework/info/WCMS_151534/lang-en/index.htm.
[28] National Toxicology Program. Toxicity effects of methyl tert-butyl ether[EB/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/cebs3/ntpviews/index.cfm?action=testarticle.toxicity&cas_number=1634-04- 4.
[29] American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Methyl tert-butyl ether: TLV(R) chemical substances 7th edition documentation[M/OL]. [2018-11-21]. https://www.acgih.org/forms/store/ProductFormPublic/benzene-tlv-r-chemical-substances-7th-edition-documentation.