贺兰山东麓葡萄产地不同种植年限土壤养分特征研究
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摘要
宁夏贺兰山东麓是中国优质葡萄和葡萄酒产区,其土壤养分状况关系着葡萄品质的提升,更关系着整个区域葡萄酒品牌的发展。为了解荒漠草原开垦为葡萄地,土壤养分受农业管理措施干预后随种植时间的变化情况,以原生荒漠草原为对照,选取种植1、7、20年的葡萄样地,采用Pearson相关性分析、方差分析和LSD多重比较法,研究了不同种植年限、不同深度土壤养分状况、土壤养分因子之间的相关性。结果显示:荒漠草原开垦为葡萄地后,除全钾外,其他养分指标随着种植年限的增加均呈上升趋势,表明土壤种植年限的增加及葡萄地管理措施有利于土壤总体养分的积累,种植20年的葡萄土壤较荒漠草原全氮、全磷、有机质、速效钾、有效磷分别提高了0.24、1.31、0.21、1.43、24.93倍。荒漠草原开垦初期,土壤养分随土层深度的变化规律发生改变,随着种植时间的延长逐步稳定,各种植年限受到牛粪施入的影响,土壤养分在30～40 cm深度波动变化。就土壤养分因子间的相关性而言,土壤有机质与全氮呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数达0.995;各养分因子间存在不同程度的相关性,表明土壤养分因子间关系密切,存在协同或拮抗作用,可以用其综合反应土壤肥力水平。
Eastern piedmont of Helan Mountains in Ningxia is a region of high quality grape and wine in China because of its unique climate and suitable soil nutrient.In order to fully understand the changes of soil nutrients with grape planting years under the agriculture management practices after soil reclamation in desert grassland,the soil nutrient contents at different soil depth after 0,1,7 and 20 years grape planting were determined and analyzed by Pearson's Correlations,ANOVA and LSD Multiple comparison.It shows that all soil nutrient factors are going up except total K with the growing years after soil reclamation of desert grassland,which reflects that planting years and agriculture mangement practics are helpful to nutrient accumulation.Soil nutrients such as TN,TP,SOM,AK,AP of the 20-year-planting treatment are 0.24,1.31,0.21,1.43,24.93 times higher than those of desert grassland.In the prime stage of soil reconstruction,the rule of soil nutrient has changed,but it gets stable with growing years.Soil nutrient of different years vary in 30 ～ 40 cm soil depth,which is caused by cow dung applied as organic fertilizer.As for the relationship among soil nutrients,soil organic matter is significantly correlated with total nitrogen,the correlation coefficient is 0.995.There are different degrees of relevance among different nutrient factors,which indicates that soil nutrient factors are closely related and can be used to reflect soil fertility level comprehensively.
Eastern piedmont of Helan Mountains in Ningxia is a region of high quality grape and wine in China because of its unique climate and suitable soil nutrient.In order to fully understand the changes of soil nutrients with grape planting years under the agriculture management practices after soil reclamation in desert grassland,the soil nutrient contents at different soil depth after 0,1,7 and 20 years grape planting were determined and analyzed by Pearson's Correlations,ANOVA and LSD Multiple comparison.It shows that all soil nutrient factors are going up except total K with the growing years after soil reclamation of desert grassland,which reflects that planting years and agriculture mangement practics are helpful to nutrient accumulation.Soil nutrients such as TN,TP,SOM,AK,AP of the 20-year-planting treatment are 0.24,1.31,0.21,1.43,24.93 times higher than those of desert grassland.In the prime stage of soil reconstruction,the rule of soil nutrient has changed,but it gets stable with growing years.Soil nutrient of different years vary in 30 ～ 40 cm soil depth,which is caused by cow dung applied as organic fertilizer.As for the relationship among soil nutrients,soil organic matter is significantly correlated with total nitrogen,the correlation coefficient is 0.995.There are different degrees of relevance among different nutrient factors,which indicates that soil nutrient factors are closely related and can be used to reflect soil fertility level comprehensively.
引文
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[19]王宏燕,王晶莹,宋立娟,等.不同培肥作用下黑土碳氮功能耦合效应的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(11):130-137.
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[23]谢添,李恋卿,潘根兴,等.不同退化程度喀斯特生态系统根际土壤的养分分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):276-280.
[2]谢岳,王振平,董业雯,等.不同灌水量对宁夏贺兰山东麓风沙土葡萄园土壤有效态微量元素的淋洗作用[J/OL].西北农业学报,2018,(6):1-9.
[3]张晓娟.宁夏贺兰山东麓风沙土酿酒葡萄氮磷钾合理施肥量研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2013.
[4]潘佳颖,王建宇,王超,等.贺兰山东麓葡萄主产区土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):173-178.
[5]杨海江,钟艳霞,赵亚峰,等.银川市西夏区贺兰山东麓葡萄种植区土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J].浙江农业学报,2018,30(1):144-149.
[6]孙权,陈茹,王振平,等.宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄高产栽培的土壤肥力问题与调控途径[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2009,(9):69-72.
[7]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[8]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤普查技术[M].北京:农业出版社,1992.
[9]罗红,吴建普,边巴多吉,等.西藏人工造林作业区土壤养分特征研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):421-433.
[10]刘建霞,马理,李博文,等.不同种植年限黄瓜温室土壤理化性质的变化规律[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):164-168.
[11]朱余清,王军,崔素兰.不同使用年限蔬菜大棚土壤盐渍化程度及其改良措施[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(5):482-485.
[12]鲁剑巍,陈防,刘冬碧,等.成土母质及土壤质地对油菜施钾效果的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2001,(6):42-44.
[13]杨晓娟,王海燕,刘玲,等.东北过伐林区不同林分类型土壤肥力质量评价研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1553-1560.
[14]南丽丽,郁继华,郭全恩,等.苜蓿不同种植年限对土壤化学性状及酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(10):100-105.
[15]刘伟,陈世品,陈辉,等.土壤养分与油茶产量与种仁含油率的相关性研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(3):59-63.
[16]曹建军,王雪艳,李梦天,等.青藏高原草地管理方式对土壤养分及其空间分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(6):1839-1845.
[17]任美霖,王绍明,张霞,等.准噶尔盆地南缘2种禾本科植物根鞘土壤理化性质、微生物数量及土壤酶活性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(5):227-231.
[18]查燕.长期不同施肥条件下黑土区春玉米农田基础地力演变特征[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[19]王宏燕,王晶莹,宋立娟,等.不同培肥作用下黑土碳氮功能耦合效应的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(11):130-137.
[20]杨阳,刘秉儒.荒漠草原不同植物根际与非根际土壤养分及微生物量分布特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7562-7570.
[21]Soussana J F,Lemaire G.Coupling carbon and nitrogen cycles for environmentally sustainable intensification of grasslands and crop-livestock systems[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,190:9-17.
[22]Mei H,Zhang G,Gan X,et al.Carbon and nitrogen storage and loss as affected by grassland degradation in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Food Agriculture&Environment,2013,11(3):2071-2076.
[23]谢添,李恋卿,潘根兴,等.不同退化程度喀斯特生态系统根际土壤的养分分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):276-280.
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