贺兰山东麓葡萄园自然生草对土壤养分酶活性及微生物的影响
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摘要
【目的】为推广葡萄园行间自然生草在贺兰山东麓产区地施行。【方法】本试验以葡萄园自然生草1年和清耕为对照,研究了贺兰山东麓金山兰山云昊酒庄自然生草对葡萄园不同土层土壤养分、酶活性及微生物的影响。【结果】自然生草1年土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量高于清耕对照,pH、全盐、全氮、全磷、速效钾、有机质含量则降低;自然生草1年的葡萄园土壤中不同土层细菌,真菌,放线菌数量有所提高,且深土层(40～60 cm)较表土层(0～20 cm)明显;自然生草1年对葡萄园脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶起到一定的提高作用,尤其是对表土层(0～20 cm)土壤酶活性的提高更为明显。【结论】葡萄园行间自然生草可一定程度上改善土壤条件,降低土壤pH,减少土壤盐含量,增加土壤微生物,提高土壤酶活性,可为葡萄生长提供一个舒适的生长环境,进而提升葡萄及葡萄酒品质,是贺兰山东麓葡萄园土壤良好的管理方式。
【Objective】The present paper was conducted to popularize the natural herbage among vineyards in the eastern foothill of Helan Mountain.【Method】In this experiment, natural herbage for 1 year and cleared vineyard were taken as contrast. The effects of natural herbage on soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microorganism in different soil layers of vineyard were studied in Yunhao winery of Lanshan, Jinshan, eastern foothill of Helan Mountain.【Result】The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus content were higher than that of the control, however, the pH, total salt, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content decreased, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in different soil layers of natural herbage for 1 year vineyard soil increased,and the deep soil layer(40-60 cm) was more obvious than the surface soil layer(0-20 cm), and natural herbage for 1 year could improve urease, sucrase and catalase in vineyard, especially for the surface soil layer(0-20 cm), and the increase of soil enzyme activity was more obvious. 【Conclusion】The natural herbage in vineyard can improve the soil condition to some extent, reducing soil pH, decreasing soil salt content, increasing soil microorganism and improving soil enzyme activity that provides a comfortable growth environment for grape growth, and then improves grape and wine quality, which is a good management method for vineyard soil in the eastern foothill of Helan mountain.
【Objective】The present paper was conducted to popularize the natural herbage among vineyards in the eastern foothill of Helan Mountain.【Method】In this experiment, natural herbage for 1 year and cleared vineyard were taken as contrast. The effects of natural herbage on soil nutrients, enzyme activity and microorganism in different soil layers of vineyard were studied in Yunhao winery of Lanshan, Jinshan, eastern foothill of Helan Mountain.【Result】The soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus content were higher than that of the control, however, the pH, total salt, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content decreased, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in different soil layers of natural herbage for 1 year vineyard soil increased,and the deep soil layer(40-60 cm) was more obvious than the surface soil layer(0-20 cm), and natural herbage for 1 year could improve urease, sucrase and catalase in vineyard, especially for the surface soil layer(0-20 cm), and the increase of soil enzyme activity was more obvious. 【Conclusion】The natural herbage in vineyard can improve the soil condition to some extent, reducing soil pH, decreasing soil salt content, increasing soil microorganism and improving soil enzyme activity that provides a comfortable growth environment for grape growth, and then improves grape and wine quality, which is a good management method for vineyard soil in the eastern foothill of Helan mountain.
引文
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[3]姚城城,张杰,卢艳芬,等. 自然生草改变苹果园土壤根际细菌群落的组成与结构[J]. 北京农学院学报,2017(4):2-7.
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[12]Heggelund L R, Diezortiz M, Lofts S, et al. Soil pH effects on the comparative toxicity of dissolved zinc, non-nano and nano ZnO to the earthworm Eisenia fetida[J]. Nanotoxicology, 2014, 8(5):559-572.
[13]付学琴, 刘琚珥, 黄文新. 南丰蜜橘园自然生草对土壤微生物和养分及果实品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2015, 42(8):1551-1558.
[14]潘学军, 张文娥, 樊卫国, 等. 自然生草和间种绿肥对盆栽柑橘土壤养分、酶活性和微生物的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2010, 37(8): 1235-1240.
[15]魏树伟, 王少敏, 张勇,等. 不同土壤管理方式对梨园土壤养分、酶活性及果实风味品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(12):46-55.
[16]陈河龙, 易克贤, 马蔚红,等. 果园生草研究进展及展望[J]. 草原与草坪, 2009(1):94-97.
[17]毛永亚, 杨国顺, 石雪晖,等. 果园生草栽培研究进展[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2013(5):108-110.
[18]LIU F T, ZHANG L S, XUE-WEI L I, et al. Effects of inter-row planting grasses on soil organic carbon fractions and soil microbial community of apple orchard in Weibei dryland[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(2):355-363.
[19]张鹏飞. 果园自然生草对肥桃生长环境影响的研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2015.
[20]吴玉森, 张艳敏, 冀晓昊, 等. 自然生草对黄河三角洲梨园土壤养分、酶活性及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(1): 99-108.
[2]刘亚柏,王敬根,付反生,等.果园生草栽培对土壤生态环境的影响[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,36(4):110-113.
[3]姚城城,张杰,卢艳芬,等. 自然生草改变苹果园土壤根际细菌群落的组成与结构[J]. 北京农学院学报,2017(4):2-7.
[4]马国辉,曾明,王羽玥,等.果园生草制研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2005, 21(7):273-277.
[5]张静.贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产业基地建设与发展研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.
[6]孙权,张学英,王振平,等.宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄基地土壤微量元素分布状况[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2008(2):4-8.
[7]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.3版[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
[8]宋长青,吴金水,陆雅海,等.中国土壤微生物学研究十年回顾[J].地球科学进展, 2013, 28(10):1087-1105.
[9]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社, 1986.
[10]李华.葡萄栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[11]王锐. 贺兰山东麓土壤特征及其与酿酒葡萄生长品质关系研究[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[12]Heggelund L R, Diezortiz M, Lofts S, et al. Soil pH effects on the comparative toxicity of dissolved zinc, non-nano and nano ZnO to the earthworm Eisenia fetida[J]. Nanotoxicology, 2014, 8(5):559-572.
[13]付学琴, 刘琚珥, 黄文新. 南丰蜜橘园自然生草对土壤微生物和养分及果实品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2015, 42(8):1551-1558.
[14]潘学军, 张文娥, 樊卫国, 等. 自然生草和间种绿肥对盆栽柑橘土壤养分、酶活性和微生物的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2010, 37(8): 1235-1240.
[15]魏树伟, 王少敏, 张勇,等. 不同土壤管理方式对梨园土壤养分、酶活性及果实风味品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(12):46-55.
[16]陈河龙, 易克贤, 马蔚红,等. 果园生草研究进展及展望[J]. 草原与草坪, 2009(1):94-97.
[17]毛永亚, 杨国顺, 石雪晖,等. 果园生草栽培研究进展[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2013(5):108-110.
[18]LIU F T, ZHANG L S, XUE-WEI L I, et al. Effects of inter-row planting grasses on soil organic carbon fractions and soil microbial community of apple orchard in Weibei dryland[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(2):355-363.
[19]张鹏飞. 果园自然生草对肥桃生长环境影响的研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2015.
[20]吴玉森, 张艳敏, 冀晓昊, 等. 自然生草对黄河三角洲梨园土壤养分、酶活性及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(1): 99-108.
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