安顺市乡土草本植物资源特征及应用评价
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摘要
为科学合理开发安顺市当地乡土草本植物资源,促进城市植物多样性发展,丰富城市园林绿化植物景观,形成植物景观的地方特色。本研究应用文献研究法、实地调研法对安顺市乡土草本植物资源及其景观应用现状进行调查和分析,并采用德尔菲法和层次分析法评价和筛选乡土草本植物资源。结果表明:安顺市有乡土草本植物864种,隶属于108科、471属,以菊科Asteraceae、禾本科Gramineae、兰科Orchidaceae为主,其中,观花型植物575种、占资源量的66.55%,陆生植物804种,占资源量的93.06%,多年生草本植物595种,占资源的68.87%;园林绿地应用乡土草本植物共267种,隶属于75科、216属,占资源总量的30.90%,以菊科、桔梗科Campanulaceae、禾本科为主,其中,观花型205种,多年生182种,陆生236种;莲子草、艾Artemia argyi、狗尾草Setaria viridis等20余种为绿地的基调物种;各类绿地中,乡土草本植物储量为区域绿地(189种)>附属绿地(180种)>公园绿地(128种)>广场用地(39种);乡土草本植物园林应用潜力评价指标包括观赏价值、生态价值、景观应用、适应能力4个一级指标,20个二级指标,其中,一级指标权重值为观赏价值(0.3824)>景观应用(0.2890)>生态价值(0.2109)>适应能力(0.1017);华忽布花Humulus lupulus、三白草Saururus chinensis、蕺菜Houttuynia cordata、火炭母Polygonum chinense等可广泛应用于安顺园林绿地建设。
In order to develop the local native herb resources in Anshun City scientifically and reasonably,to promote the diversity of urban plants,to enrich the urban landscaping plants,and to form the local characteristics of plant landscape,this study applied the literature research method and the field research method to investigate and analyze the current situation of local herb resources and their landscape application in Anshun city. Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) were used to evaluate and select local herb resources. The results showed that there were 864 species of native herbaceous plants in Anshun,belonging to 471 genera and 108 families,dominated by Compositae,Gramineae,and. Orchidaceae,of which 575 species were flower-viewing plants(66.55%),804 species were terrestrial plants(93.06%),595 species were perennial herbs(68.87%). There are 267 species of native gardening herbal plants,belonging to 75 families,216 genera,accounting for 30.90% of the total resources. The main species belong to Compositae,Campanulaceae,and Gramineae,including 205 species of flower-viewing type,182 species of perennial plant and 236 species of terrestrial plant. More than 20 species,such as Alternanthera sessilis,Artemisia argyi,and Setaria viridis,were the key species of green space. The reserves of native herbs were regional green space(189 species) > affiliated green space(180 species) > park green space(128 species) > square land(39 species). The potential evaluation indexes for gardening application of local herb include 4 primary indexes,i.e. ornamental value,ecological value,landscape application,and adaptability,and 20 secondary indexes. Among them,the weight value of the primary index is ornamental value(0.3824) > landscape application(0.2890) > ecological value(0.2109) > adaptive ability(0.1017). Humulus lupulus,Saururus chinensis,Houttuynia cordata, and Polygonum chinense etc.,may be widely used to construct garden and green space in Anshun. This study can provide basic data for ecological environment construction and biodiversity protection in Anshun,and it is of great significance to promote the development of Anshun into an eco-city.
In order to develop the local native herb resources in Anshun City scientifically and reasonably,to promote the diversity of urban plants,to enrich the urban landscaping plants,and to form the local characteristics of plant landscape,this study applied the literature research method and the field research method to investigate and analyze the current situation of local herb resources and their landscape application in Anshun city. Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) were used to evaluate and select local herb resources. The results showed that there were 864 species of native herbaceous plants in Anshun,belonging to 471 genera and 108 families,dominated by Compositae,Gramineae,and. Orchidaceae,of which 575 species were flower-viewing plants(66.55%),804 species were terrestrial plants(93.06%),595 species were perennial herbs(68.87%). There are 267 species of native gardening herbal plants,belonging to 75 families,216 genera,accounting for 30.90% of the total resources. The main species belong to Compositae,Campanulaceae,and Gramineae,including 205 species of flower-viewing type,182 species of perennial plant and 236 species of terrestrial plant. More than 20 species,such as Alternanthera sessilis,Artemisia argyi,and Setaria viridis,were the key species of green space. The reserves of native herbs were regional green space(189 species) > affiliated green space(180 species) > park green space(128 species) > square land(39 species). The potential evaluation indexes for gardening application of local herb include 4 primary indexes,i.e. ornamental value,ecological value,landscape application,and adaptability,and 20 secondary indexes. Among them,the weight value of the primary index is ornamental value(0.3824) > landscape application(0.2890) > ecological value(0.2109) > adaptive ability(0.1017). Humulus lupulus,Saururus chinensis,Houttuynia cordata, and Polygonum chinense etc.,may be widely used to construct garden and green space in Anshun. This study can provide basic data for ecological environment construction and biodiversity protection in Anshun,and it is of great significance to promote the development of Anshun into an eco-city.
引文
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[2] 刘兰,王子夫,陈龙清.黄冈市乡土植物资源调查及开发利用潜力分析[J].中国园林,2012(10):78-81.
[3] 周高.地域乡土植物在城市园林景观设计中的应用[J].南方农业,2018,12(14):84-85.
[4] 陈本菊.草本花卉在城市绿化中的应用[J].湖南林业科技,2003,30(4):83-84.
[5] 李树华.建造以乡土植物为主体的园林绿地[J].中国园林,2005(01):47-50.
[6] 牛萌,王思元.野草在园林绿化中的应用[J].山西农业科学,2009,37(6):62-64.
[7] 李慧,闵现东,李启峰,等.临沂市乡土草本植物资源调查及综合应用研究[J].现代农业科技,2017(14):161-163.
[8] 叶红环,苟光前,王灯,等.贵州锦屏县野生藤本植物资源调查与分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2018,37(04):58-65.
[9] 邹启先,闵启利,龙学为,等.贵州锦屏县野生药用藤本植物资源[J].山地农业生物学报,2018,37(02):62-69.
[10] 李佼阳,王海洋,陈洪醒.重庆主城区野生草本种类构成及分布特征[J].西南师范大学(自然科学版),2018,43(01):103-109.
[11] 田志慧,蔡北溟,达良俊.城市化进程中上海植被的多样性、空间格局和动态响应(Ⅷ):上海乡土陆生草本植物分布特征及其在城市绿化中的应用前景[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011(04):24-34.
[12] 王阔.北京城市化环境下自生草本植物现状及园林应用研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2014.
[13] 乐莺.上海市环城绿带乡土草本物种多样性及城市绿化应用潜力[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016(07):169-176.
[14] 吴丽娟.北京城市绿地景观格局与生物多样性保护研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.
[15] 贵州植物志编委会.贵州植物志(1-10卷)[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社出版,1992-2004.
[16] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市绿地分类标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2017.
[17] 杨林.益阳城市园林乡土植物应用研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2016.
[18] 李璐茜.绵阳市园林绿化树种应用调查分析与优化对策[D].绵阳:西南科技大学,2018.
[19] 马玲.金华市乡土植物在园林建设中的应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.