基于污水源分离的分散式处理系统应用探讨
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摘要
总结了近几十年来源分离处理技术在国内外污水处理、资源回收以及污水源分离的收集与输送系统等方面的发展,基于污水源分离的分散式处理系统,可以灵活地满足不同处理规模和水资源利用的要求,在资源回收利用上更加高效,日益受到人们的关注。认为污水源分离技术无论在污水处理效果、资源回收能力以及投资成本和运行维护方面,都更加适合当前的"资源-人口"发展形势。应将源分离技术与分散式系统相结合,根据不同的源分离程度合理选择处理系统的规模,使得污水处理后可以就近回用,减少长距离输送带来的成本,同时形成规模化的资源回收与输出,又能在一定程度上实现集中管理。
The development of source separation treatment technology in the field of wastewater treatment, resource recovery and collection and delivery system of wastewater source separation at home and abroad in recent years was summarized. Considering the flexibility to different scales and the requirements for water reuse and high efficiency of resource recovery, decentralized system based on source separation becomes more and more popular.Pointed out that the wastewater source separation system can satisfy the "Resource-Population Nexus" better on pollutants removal, resource recovery,as well as initial investment, operation and maintenance. The source separation should be combined with decentralized system, and select reasonable treatment scale based on different degree of source separation which would reuse treated wastewater convenient, reduce cost of long distance delivery,form large-scale resources recovery and output and realize centralized management partly.
The development of source separation treatment technology in the field of wastewater treatment, resource recovery and collection and delivery system of wastewater source separation at home and abroad in recent years was summarized. Considering the flexibility to different scales and the requirements for water reuse and high efficiency of resource recovery, decentralized system based on source separation becomes more and more popular.Pointed out that the wastewater source separation system can satisfy the "Resource-Population Nexus" better on pollutants removal, resource recovery,as well as initial investment, operation and maintenance. The source separation should be combined with decentralized system, and select reasonable treatment scale based on different degree of source separation which would reuse treated wastewater convenient, reduce cost of long distance delivery,form large-scale resources recovery and output and realize centralized management partly.
引文
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[35]ETTER B,TILLEY E,KHADKA R,et al.Low-cost struvite production using source-separated urine in Nepal[J].Water Research,2011,45(2):852-862.
[36]HUG A,UDERT K M.Struvite precipitation from urine with electrochemical magnesium dosage[J].Water Research,2013,47(1):289-299.
[37]张驰,徐康宁,苏冯婷,等.国内外源分离排水工程项目概述[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(2):28-33.
[38]姚越,周律,许阳宇.环境友好便器研发现状的分析[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(18):39-45.
[39]UDERT K M,LARSEN T A,GUJER W.Biologically induced precipitation in urine-collecting systems[J].Water Science and Technology:Water Supply,2003,3(3):71-78.
[40]李继云.黄水管道结垢特性分析及源分离排水系统构建研究[D].北京:清华大学,2015.
[41]MISZTA-KRUK K.Reliability and failure rate analysis of pressure,vacuum and gravity sewer systems based on operating data[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2016,61:37-45.
[42]MOHR M,BECKETT M,Schlieβmann U,et al.Vacuum sewerage systems-a solution for fast growing cities in developing countries?[J].Water Practice and Technology,2018,13(1):157-163.
[43]仲明明.负压收集系统在甪直农村污水收集工程中的应用设计[J].城市道桥与防洪,2013(7):133-136.
[44]郑林静.半集中式处理系统灰水处理模块技术经济分析[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[45]徐康宁.基于磷和钾回收的黄水资源化处理技术研究[D].北京:清华大学,2011.
[46]贾海峰,王军,张健,等.居住区负压源分离系统与传统排水系统的比较[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(11):131-134.
[2]FRIEDMAN A.Fundamentals of sustainable dwellings[M].Island Press,2012:352.
[3]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会发展规划司.“十三五”全国城镇污水处理及再生利用设施规划[A/OL].(2016-12-31)[2018-07-02].http://ghs.ndrc.gov.cn/ghwb/gjjgh/201706/t20170605_849987.html.
[4]BOYJOO Y,PAREEK V K,ANG M.A review of greywater characteristics and treatment processes[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,67(7):1403-1424.
[5]SIEVERS J C,LONDONG J.Characterization of domestic graywater and graywater solids[J].Water Science and Technology,2018,77(5):1196-1203.
[6]NOUTSOPOULOS C,ANDREADAKIS A,KOURIS N,et al.Greywater characterization and loadings-Physicochemical treatment to promote onsite reuse[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017:S0301479717305790.
[7]LEAL L H,TEMMINK H,ZEEMAN G,et al.Characterization and anaerobic biodegradability of grey water[J].Desalination,2011,270(1/3):111-115.
[8]COUTO E D A D,CALIJURI M L,ASSEMANY P P,et al.Greywater treatment in airports using anaerobic filter followed by UV disinfection:an efficient and low cost alternative[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,106:372-379.
[9]GASSIE L W,ENGLEHARDT J D.Advanced oxidation and disinfection processes for onsite net-zero greywater reuse:A review[J].Water Research,2017,125:384-399.
[10]PENN R,HADARI M,FRIEDLER E.Evaluation of the effects of greywater reuse on domestic wastewater quality and quantity[J].Urban Water Journal,2012,9(3):137-148.
[11]CHRISPIM M C,NOLASCO M A.Greywater treatment using a moving bed biofilm reactor at a university campus in Brazil[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,142.
[12]HU M,ZHANG T,STANSBURY J,et al.Treatment of greywater with shredded-tire biofilters and membrane bioreactors[C].World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011:Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability,2011:1877-1887.
[13]ATANASOVA N,DALMAU M,COMAS J,et al.Optimized MBRfor greywater reuse systems in hotel facilities[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,193:503-511.
[14]KANT S,JABER F H,KARTHIKEYAN R.Evaluation of a portable in-house greywater treatment system for potential water-reuse in urban areas[J].Urban Water Journal,2018:1-7.
[15]TODT D,HEISTAD A,JENSSEN P D.Load and distribution of organic matter and nutrients in a separated household wastewater stream[J].Environmental Technology,2015,36(12):1584-1593.
[16]SHARMA M K,KHURSHEED A,KAZMI A A.Modified septic tank-anaerobic filter unit as a two-stage onsite domestic wastewater treatm ent system[J].Environmental Technology,2014,35(17):2183-2193.
[17]LAVAGNOLO M C,GIROTTO F,HIRATA O,et al.Lab-scale co-digestion of kitchen waste and brown water for a preliminary performance evaluation of a decentralized waste and wastewater management[J].Waste Management,2017,66:155.
[18]WASIELEWSKI S,MORANDI C G,MOUARKECH K,et al.Impacts of blackwater co-digestion upon biogas production in pilot-scale UASB and CSTR reactors[C].Iwa Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems&,Iwa Specialized Conference on Resources-Oriented Sanitation,2016.
[19]KUJAWA-ROELEVELD K,ELMITWALLI T,ZEEMAN G.Enhanced primary treatment of concentrated black water and kitchen residues within DESAR concept using two types of anaerobic digesters[J].Water Science&Technology,2006,53(9):159-68.
[20]DE GRAAFF M S,TEMMINK H,ZEEMAN G,et al.Anaerobic treatment of concentrated black water in a UASB reactor at a short HRT[J].Water,2010,2(1):101-119.
[21]BOYER T H,ISHII S K L.Life cycle comparison of urine source separation and conventional wastewater treatment:Focus on nutrient management[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2015.
[22]KUJAWA-ROELEVELD K,ELMITWALLI T,GAILLARD A,et al.Co-digestion of concentrated black water and kitchen refuse in an accumulation system within the DESAR(decentralized sanitation and reuse)concept[J].Water Science and Technology,2003,48(4):121-128.
[23]SUN F Y,DONG W Y,SHAO M F,et al.Stabilization of sourceseparated urine by biological nitrification process:treatment performance and nitrite accumulation[J].Water Science and Technology,2012,66(7):1491-1497.
[24]UDERT K M,W?CHTER M.Complete nutrient recovery from source-separated urine by nitrification and distillation[J].Water Research,2012,46(2):453-464.
[25]FUMASOLI A,ETTER B,STERKELE B,et al.Operating a pilotscale nitrification/distillation plant for complete nutrient recovery from urine[J].Water Science and Technology,2016,73(1):215-222.
[26]BONVIN C,ETTER B,UDERT K M,et al.Plant uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen recycled from synthetic source-separated urine[J].Ambio,2015,44(2):217-227.
[27]中华人民共和国国土资源部.中国矿产资源报告[M].北京:地质出版社,2017.
[28]李维,高辉,罗英杰,等.国内外磷矿资源利用现状,趋势分析及对策建议[J].中国矿业,2015,24(6):6-10.
[29]张苏江,易锦俊,孔令湖,等.中国磷矿资源现状及磷矿国家级实物地质资料筛选[J].无机盐工业,2016,48(2):1-5.
[30]孙小虹,陈春琳,王高尚,等.中国磷矿资源需求预测[J].地球学报,2015,36(2):213-219.
[31]HEIFER P,PRUD'HOMME M.Fertilizer outlook 2014-2018[C].Sydney:The 82nd IFA Annual Conference,2014.
[32]GELL K,DE RUIJTER F J,KUNTKE P,et al.Safety and effectiveness of struvite from black water and urine as a phosphorus fertilizer[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2011,3(3):67.
[33]BARBOSA S G,PEIXOTO L,MEULMAN B,et al.A design of experiments to assess phosphorous removal and crystal properties in struvite precipitation of source separated urine using different Mg sources[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,298:146-153.
[34]KR魧HENB譈HL M,ETTER B,UDERT K M.Pretreated magnesite as a source of low-cost magnesium for producing struvite from urine in Nepal[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,542:1155-1161.
[35]ETTER B,TILLEY E,KHADKA R,et al.Low-cost struvite production using source-separated urine in Nepal[J].Water Research,2011,45(2):852-862.
[36]HUG A,UDERT K M.Struvite precipitation from urine with electrochemical magnesium dosage[J].Water Research,2013,47(1):289-299.
[37]张驰,徐康宁,苏冯婷,等.国内外源分离排水工程项目概述[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(2):28-33.
[38]姚越,周律,许阳宇.环境友好便器研发现状的分析[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(18):39-45.
[39]UDERT K M,LARSEN T A,GUJER W.Biologically induced precipitation in urine-collecting systems[J].Water Science and Technology:Water Supply,2003,3(3):71-78.
[40]李继云.黄水管道结垢特性分析及源分离排水系统构建研究[D].北京:清华大学,2015.
[41]MISZTA-KRUK K.Reliability and failure rate analysis of pressure,vacuum and gravity sewer systems based on operating data[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2016,61:37-45.
[42]MOHR M,BECKETT M,Schlieβmann U,et al.Vacuum sewerage systems-a solution for fast growing cities in developing countries?[J].Water Practice and Technology,2018,13(1):157-163.
[43]仲明明.负压收集系统在甪直农村污水收集工程中的应用设计[J].城市道桥与防洪,2013(7):133-136.
[44]郑林静.半集中式处理系统灰水处理模块技术经济分析[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[45]徐康宁.基于磷和钾回收的黄水资源化处理技术研究[D].北京:清华大学,2011.
[46]贾海峰,王军,张健,等.居住区负压源分离系统与传统排水系统的比较[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(11):131-134.