脆-韧性转换带变形过程与机制:以郯庐断裂带南段为例
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摘要
关于脆-韧性转换带的变形过程与机制,长期以来缺乏明确的认识。郯庐断裂带南段出露的新元古界张八岭群为浅变质火山-沉积岩系。这套岩层的韧性变形与低级变质作用发生在印支期,当时处于中地壳层次,是认识中地壳脆-韧性转换带变形特征与过程的天然对象。详细的构造研究表明,区内张八岭隆起北段出露的张八岭群呈现为平缓的韧性拆离带,而大别造山带东缘则为陡立的左行走滑韧性剪切带,两者代表了中地壳不同类型的变形带,这两类变形带在印支期递进变形中经历了相似的变形转换,即早阶段透入性韧性变形和晚阶段脆-韧性变形。早阶段韧性变形中,发育片内A型褶皱和透入性面理和矿物拉伸线理为特征的糜棱岩;晚阶段脆-韧性变形中,发育膝折、皱纹线理、褶劈理、石英脉、张裂隙、B型剪切褶皱等构造。变形早阶段应变软化促进了韧性变形的发展,而变形晚阶段降温所导致的应变硬化使得韧性变形无法继续,从而转变为脆-韧性变形。这些研究显示,中地壳脆-韧性转换带在深度不变的递进变形中是可以发生韧性向脆-韧性变形的转变。
Deformation process and mechanism of brittle-ductile transition zone remain unclear. The Neoproterozoic Zhangbaling Group exposed along the southern segment of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone is a volcanic-sedimentary sequence with low-grade metamorphism. Ductile deformation and low-grade metamorphism of the Zhangbaling Group happened at mid-crustal level in the Indosinian period(Triassic), and are examples to understand the deformation process and mechanism of the natural brittle-ductile transition zones. Structural and geochronological studies demonstrated that the Zhangbaling Group in the northern Zhangbaling Uplift was affected by a gentle, ductile detachment zone whereas that in the eastern margin of the Dabie Orogenic Belt was deformed by the steep, sinistral ductile shear zones. The two zones represent different types of deformation at mid-crustal level. Two deformation zones experienced similar deformation transition during the Indosinian period, the earlier penetrative ductile deformation and the later brittle-ductile deformation. Mylonites, related intrafolial A-type folds, penetrative foliation and mineral lineation were formed during the earlier ductile deformation. In contrast, a series of kinks or kink bands, crenulation lineation and cleavage, quartz veins, tension gashes and B-type shear folds occurred at the later stage of the brittle-ductile deformation. Strain softening at the earlier stage prompted the ongoing ductile deformation. At the later stage of the progressive deformation, the temperature decreasing resulted in strain hardening and the cease of ductile deformation, and subsequently a transition of ductile to brittle deformation at the mid-crustal level. These observations demonstrated that the transition from ductile to brittle-ductile deformation happened at the mid-crustal without any change in depths.
Deformation process and mechanism of brittle-ductile transition zone remain unclear. The Neoproterozoic Zhangbaling Group exposed along the southern segment of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone is a volcanic-sedimentary sequence with low-grade metamorphism. Ductile deformation and low-grade metamorphism of the Zhangbaling Group happened at mid-crustal level in the Indosinian period(Triassic), and are examples to understand the deformation process and mechanism of the natural brittle-ductile transition zones. Structural and geochronological studies demonstrated that the Zhangbaling Group in the northern Zhangbaling Uplift was affected by a gentle, ductile detachment zone whereas that in the eastern margin of the Dabie Orogenic Belt was deformed by the steep, sinistral ductile shear zones. The two zones represent different types of deformation at mid-crustal level. Two deformation zones experienced similar deformation transition during the Indosinian period, the earlier penetrative ductile deformation and the later brittle-ductile deformation. Mylonites, related intrafolial A-type folds, penetrative foliation and mineral lineation were formed during the earlier ductile deformation. In contrast, a series of kinks or kink bands, crenulation lineation and cleavage, quartz veins, tension gashes and B-type shear folds occurred at the later stage of the brittle-ductile deformation. Strain softening at the earlier stage prompted the ongoing ductile deformation. At the later stage of the progressive deformation, the temperature decreasing resulted in strain hardening and the cease of ductile deformation, and subsequently a transition of ductile to brittle deformation at the mid-crustal level. These observations demonstrated that the transition from ductile to brittle-ductile deformation happened at the mid-crustal without any change in depths.
引文
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谢成龙,朱光,牛漫兰,王勇生.2007.滁州中生代火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造地质学意义.地质论评,53(5):642-655.
赵田,朱光,林少泽,宋利宏.2014.郯庐断裂带南段张八岭群变质岩的原岩时代及其构造意义.地质论评,60(6):1265-1283.
朱光,王道轩,刘国生,宋传中,徐嘉炜,牛漫兰.2001.郯庐断裂带的伸展活动及其动力学背景.地质科学,36(3):269-278.
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Boncio P,Mancini T,Lavecchia G and Selvaggi G.2007.Seismotectonics of strike-slip earthquakes within the deep crust of southern Italy:Geometry,kinematics,stress field and crustal rheology of the Potenza 1990-1991 seismic sequences(Max 5.7).Tectonophysics,445(3-4):281-300.
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