深畦栽培对干旱胁迫下葡萄叶幕微气候和光合作用的影响
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摘要
试验以‘京亚’和‘红地球’葡萄品种2年生苗木为材料,在田间遮雨棚内考察了自然干旱胁迫下深畦栽植和平畦栽植葡萄根际土壤湿度、叶幕微气候因子、光合作用参数变化特征,探讨根际土壤湿度与叶幕气候互作对葡萄光合作用的影响。结果显示:(1)在干旱逆境下,葡萄根际土壤湿度和叶幕微气候因子交互作用能通过影响水分条件来影响葡萄的光合作用;土壤湿度阀值是葡萄进行光合作用时水分利用最有效的土壤湿度点值,土壤湿度阀值存在"阀值漂移"现象,与叶幕空气湿度呈明显负相关关系,维持较高的叶幕空气湿度有利于实现在较低的土壤湿度下达到更高的光合效率。(2)在干旱逆境下,与平畦栽植相比,深畦栽植在改善葡萄根际土壤水分和叶幕微气候方面具有明显的优势,在该模式下葡萄具有更强的保水能力和更高的水分利用效率,从而具有更强的光合效率。(3)采用深畦栽植模式时,根际土壤相对含水量30%～50%是显著影响葡萄光合作用的土壤湿度区间;根际土壤相对含水量分别在43.32%～50.00%和40.19%～50.00%是‘京亚’和‘红地球’光合作用适宜的土壤湿度范围,在43.32%和40.19%时分别为2种葡萄光合作用水分利用效率达到最高的最适土壤湿度。研究发现,干旱逆境条件下,葡萄根际土壤湿度和叶幕微气候因子交互作用能改善葡萄的光合作用效率;深畦栽植葡萄光合作用对土壤湿度的需求较低,在相对较低的土壤湿度即可达到相对较高的光合能力;深畦栽植模式可以协调葡萄光合作用和水分消耗之间的关系,具有较高的水分利用效率和光合能力,是干旱地区进行葡萄抗旱节水生产的理想模式。
The study aimed to explore the effect of interaction between rhizosphere soil humidity and canopy-microclimate on photosynthesis in grape under drought stress. The changes of rhizosphere soil humidity, canopy-microclimate factors, photosynthetic parameters of deep-furrow planting and flat-furrow planting were studied under drought stress in field with rain shelter, using two-year-old seedlings ‘Jingya' and ‘Red globe' as testing materials. The results showed:(1) under drought stress, the rhizosphere soil humidity and canopy-microclimate interacted, and they effected photosynthesis by affecting water condition in grapes. The soil moisture threshold was the most effective soil moisture point for water utilization in photosynthesis of grape, and showed a "threshold drift" phenomenon. There was a significant negative correlation between the soil moisture and canopy air humidity. Therefore, higher canopy air humidity was beneficial to achieve higher photosynthetic efficiency under lower rhizosphere soil humidity condition.(2) Under drought stress, compared with flat-furrow planting, deep-furrow planting had obvious advantages to improve rhizosphere soil humidity and canopy-microclimate. Grape had stronger water-retaining capacity and higher water utilization efficiency under deep-furrow planting, thus had stronger photosynthetic efficiency.(3) Under deep-furrow planting, it was suggested: the rhizosphere soil relative water content of 30%-50% was the scope that significantly affected photosynthesis in grapevines; the appropriate soil moisture range for ‘Jingya' and ‘Red Globe' were 43.32%-50% and 40.19%-50%, respectively. The rhizosphere soil relative water content of 43.43% and 40.19% were the most effective soil moisture that generated the highest water utilization efficiency during photosynthesis in the leaves of ‘Jingya' and ‘Red Globe', respectively.
The study aimed to explore the effect of interaction between rhizosphere soil humidity and canopy-microclimate on photosynthesis in grape under drought stress. The changes of rhizosphere soil humidity, canopy-microclimate factors, photosynthetic parameters of deep-furrow planting and flat-furrow planting were studied under drought stress in field with rain shelter, using two-year-old seedlings ‘Jingya' and ‘Red globe' as testing materials. The results showed:(1) under drought stress, the rhizosphere soil humidity and canopy-microclimate interacted, and they effected photosynthesis by affecting water condition in grapes. The soil moisture threshold was the most effective soil moisture point for water utilization in photosynthesis of grape, and showed a "threshold drift" phenomenon. There was a significant negative correlation between the soil moisture and canopy air humidity. Therefore, higher canopy air humidity was beneficial to achieve higher photosynthetic efficiency under lower rhizosphere soil humidity condition.(2) Under drought stress, compared with flat-furrow planting, deep-furrow planting had obvious advantages to improve rhizosphere soil humidity and canopy-microclimate. Grape had stronger water-retaining capacity and higher water utilization efficiency under deep-furrow planting, thus had stronger photosynthetic efficiency.(3) Under deep-furrow planting, it was suggested: the rhizosphere soil relative water content of 30%-50% was the scope that significantly affected photosynthesis in grapevines; the appropriate soil moisture range for ‘Jingya' and ‘Red Globe' were 43.32%-50% and 40.19%-50%, respectively. The rhizosphere soil relative water content of 43.43% and 40.19% were the most effective soil moisture that generated the highest water utilization efficiency during photosynthesis in the leaves of ‘Jingya' and ‘Red Globe', respectively.
引文
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[18] 王宁宁,胡增辉,沈应柏.珙桐苗木叶片光合特性对土壤干旱胁迫的响应[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(1):101-108.WANG N N,HU Z H,SHEN Y B.Photosynthetic characteristics of Davidia involucrate Baill.seedlings under soil drought stress[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin.2011,31(1):101-108.
[19] TANAKA-ODA A,KENZO T,KORETSUNE S,et al.Ontogenetic changes in water-use efficiency (δ13C) and leaf traits differ among tree species growing in a semiarid region of the Loess Plateau,China [J].Forest Ecol Manag,2010,(259):953-957.
[2] 李昭楠,李唯,姜有虎,等.西北干旱区戈壁葡萄膜下滴灌需水量和灌溉制度[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):247-251.LI S N,LI W,JIANG Y H,et al.Water demand and irrigation schedule of drip irrigation for gobi grape under plastic mulch in northwest arid region of China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(5):247-251.
[3] 李昭楠,李唯,刘继亮,等.不同滴灌水量对干旱荒漠区酿酒葡萄光合及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(6):1 324-1 329.LI S N,LI W,LIU J L,et al.Effect of drip irrigation pattern on wine grape growth,yield,photosynthesis and water use efficiency in arid desert regions[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(6):1 324-1 329.
[4] 李爽.西北沙地深沟栽植葡萄抗旱抗寒机理的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013.
[5] SEBASTIAN ANI,VIOREL ARN?UTU,R?ZVAN STEF?NESCU.Numerical optimal harvesting for a periodic age-structured population dynamics with logistic term[J].Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization,2009,30:3-4,183-198.
[6] YUKO ARAKI,SADANORI KONISHI,SHUICHI KAWANO,et al.Functional logistic discrimination via regularized basis expansions[J].Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods,2009,38,16-17,2 944-2 957.
[7] 徐文科,孙广山,李凤日.Logistic 方程统计建模及对红松单木生长的拟合[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(6):114-115.XU W K,SUN G S,LI F R.Statistical modeling of logistic equation and fitting of individual tree growth of Pinus koraiensis[J].Journal of Northeast for Forestry University,2011,39(6):114-115.
[8] 姜宁,付强,孙颖娜.基于Logistic 模型的黑龙江省西部半干旱区有效灌溉面积分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(2):174-177.JIANG N,FU Q,SUN Y N.Analysis on effective irrigated land area in western Heilongjiang Province based on logistic mode[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(2):174-177.
[9] MA Q L,CHENG F,LIU Y J,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in the reversion process of desertification in arid areas[J].Journal of Arid Land,2011,3(4):268-277.
[10] 郭春芳,孙云,张木清.土壤水分胁迫对茶树光合作用——光响应特性的影响[J].中国农业生态学报,2008,16(6):1 413-1 418.GUO C F,SUN Y,ZHANG M Q.Effect of soil water stress on photosynthetic light response curve of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) [J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(6):1 413-1 418.
[11] SANTESTEBAN L G,MIRANDA C,ROYO J B.Effect of water deficit and rewatering on leaf gas exchange and transpiration decline of excised leaves of four grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars[J].Sci Horti,2009,(121):434-439.
[12] 刘吉利,赵长星,吴娜,等.苗期干旱及复水对花生光合特性及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(3):469-476.LIU J L,ZHAO C X,WU N,et al.Effects of drought and rewatering at seedling stage on photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of peanut[J].Scientia Agricultural Sinica,2011,44(3):469-476.
[13] 牛自勉,孙俊宝,张文和,等.叶幕微区光环境对果树生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(12):287-289.NIU Z M,SUN J B,ZHANG W H,et al.Influence of light microclimate of canopy to the growth and development to fruit plants[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(12):287-289.
[14] 张大鹏,姜红英,陈星黎,等.叶幕微气候与葡萄生理、果实产量和品质形成之间基本关系的研究[J].园艺学报,1995,22(2):110-116.ZHANG D P,JIANG H Y,CHEN X L,et al.Studies on the essential relationship between canopy microclimate,vine growth,grape yield and berry quality[J].Acta Horticultural Sinica,1995,22(2):110-116.
[15] 贾杨,廖康,刘曼曼,等.吐鲁番不同栽培架式葡萄叶幕微气候差异分析[J].北方园艺,2014,14(9):23-26.JIA Y,LIAO K,LIU M M,et al.Analysis on the canopy microclimate of the different grape cultivation trellis in Turpan[J].Northern Horticulture,2014,14(9):23-26.
[16] AVOLA G,CAVALLARO G,PATAN C,et al.Gas exchange and photosynthetic water use efficiency in response to light,CO2 concentration and temperature in Vicia faba[J].Plant Physio.2008,(165):796-804.
[17] 彭羽,薛达元,王艳杰,等.利用光合水分利用率进行引进葡萄品种选择[J].华北农学报,2011,26(增刊):80-84.PENG Y,XUE D Y,WANG Y J,et al.Using photosynthetic water use efficiency as an indicator for selection of introduced grape(Vitis vinifera) variaties[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2011,26(Supplement):80-84.
[18] 王宁宁,胡增辉,沈应柏.珙桐苗木叶片光合特性对土壤干旱胁迫的响应[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(1):101-108.WANG N N,HU Z H,SHEN Y B.Photosynthetic characteristics of Davidia involucrate Baill.seedlings under soil drought stress[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin.2011,31(1):101-108.
[19] TANAKA-ODA A,KENZO T,KORETSUNE S,et al.Ontogenetic changes in water-use efficiency (δ13C) and leaf traits differ among tree species growing in a semiarid region of the Loess Plateau,China [J].Forest Ecol Manag,2010,(259):953-957.