机械式有载分接开关改进方案的设计与研究
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摘要
机械式有载分接开关因其机械结构所致,工作中存在燃弧、过渡损耗等问题,需要定期对其进行维护与检修,耗费大量资源,一直被广大工程技术研究人员所关注。从工程实际出发,以国内某机械真空滑动复合式有载分接开关为对象,为了抑制电弧、降低工作损耗的目的,进行了理论研究和实践分析。拟定了初步改进方案、分析了改进机理,在不改变原有机械拓扑结构的前提下,采用增加辅助的电力电子开关的方法,实现设备切换过程的优化,消除了过渡损耗,降低了触头的工作压力。利用基于模型设计的思想,设计并实现了对切换开关的时序控制,完成了实验室小功率样机的搭建。通过建模仿真和实测分析,改进后切换燃弧时间可降低至100μs左右,实现了对切换电弧功率的有效抑制。该研究以期为下一步进行全功率试验奠定理论和实践基础。
A purely mechanical on-load tap-changer has the problem of arcing and transition wearing in the operation process because of its mechanical structure, thus should be maintained and overhauled regularly, which costs a lot of resources and has been concerned by a large number of engineering technical researchers. Consequently,on the basis of the engineering practice, taking a mechanical type of vacuum sliding integrated topology OLTC in China as an example,we theoretically researched and practically analyzed the aspects of arc restriction and reduction of working loss. Moreover,we analyzed the preliminary improvement scheme and the improvement mechanism; under the condition of not changing the original mechanical topology, we realized the optimization operation of equipment by adding auxiliary power electronic switch, and realized the elimination of the transition wear and decrease of the working pressure of the contact.Furtermore,a small power prototype was designed and built in the laboratory by the method of model-based design to realize the sequence control of diverter. Through modeling simulation and experimental analysis, the improved diverting arc burning time could be reduced to about 100μs,thus the diverting arc power could be effectively suppressed. This study can lay a theoretical and practical foundation for the full power tests in the future.
A purely mechanical on-load tap-changer has the problem of arcing and transition wearing in the operation process because of its mechanical structure, thus should be maintained and overhauled regularly, which costs a lot of resources and has been concerned by a large number of engineering technical researchers. Consequently,on the basis of the engineering practice, taking a mechanical type of vacuum sliding integrated topology OLTC in China as an example,we theoretically researched and practically analyzed the aspects of arc restriction and reduction of working loss. Moreover,we analyzed the preliminary improvement scheme and the improvement mechanism; under the condition of not changing the original mechanical topology, we realized the optimization operation of equipment by adding auxiliary power electronic switch, and realized the elimination of the transition wear and decrease of the working pressure of the contact.Furtermore,a small power prototype was designed and built in the laboratory by the method of model-based design to realize the sequence control of diverter. Through modeling simulation and experimental analysis, the improved diverting arc burning time could be reduced to about 100μs,thus the diverting arc power could be effectively suppressed. This study can lay a theoretical and practical foundation for the full power tests in the future.
引文
[1]FAIZ J,SIAHKOLAH B.Electronic tap-changer for distribution transformers[M].New York,USA:Springer,2011.
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[8]梁贵书,晏阔,高飞,等.变压器混合式有载分接开关熄弧方法的仿真及试验研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3156-3163.LIANG Guishu,YAN Kuo,GAO Fei,et al.Study on simulation and experiments of method of extinction hybrid on-load tap changer in transformers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3156-3163.
[9]李金忠,高飞,张书琦,等.一种用于晶闸管有载分接开关的伸缩触头组:中国:CN 103578799 B[P].2016-01-20.LI Jinzhong,GAO Fei,ZHANG Shuqi,et al.A telescopic contact group for a thyristor with a load tapping switch:China:CN 103578799B[P].2016-01-20.
[10]李晓明.一种新型有载分接开关及其分析[J].高压电器,2017,53(4):197-202.LI Xiaoming.New on-load tap changer and its analysis[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(4):197-202.
[11]张德明.真空分接开关技术的论述(4)[J].变压器,2011,48(11):49-52.ZHANG Deming.Review of vacuum on-load tap changer technology(4)[J].Transformer,2011,48(11):49-52.
[12]宋冬冬.一种有载分接开关工作状态在线监测及预警方法:中国:201610091815.4[P].2016-7-13.SONG Dongdong.An on-line monitoring and early warning method for on-load tap changer:China:201610091815.4[P].2016-7-13.
[13]过增元,赵文华.电弧和热等离子体[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.GUO Zengyuan,ZHAO Wenhua.Arc and hot plasma[M].Beijing,China:Science Press,1986.
[14]张黎,王伟,李庆民,等.基于晶闸管开关特性的SVC传导干扰仿真模型[J].高电压技术,2008,34(11):2447-2452.ZHANG Li,WANG Wei,LI Qingmin,et al.Simulation of the conducted interference derived from SVC based on the switching characteristics of thyristors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(11):2447-2452.
[15]徐国顺,庄劲武,周煜韬,等.混合型快速直流开断的短时短间隙电弧现象[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):986-996.XU Guoshun,ZHUANG Jinwu,ZHOU Yutao,et al.The phenomenon of short time short gap arc in hybrid DC fast breaking process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):986-996.
[16]温伟杰,黄瑜珑,吕纲,等.应用于混合式直流断路器的电流转移方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):4005-4012.WEN Weijie,HUANG Yulong,LüGang,et al.Current commutation method in hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):4005-4012.
[17]戴玲,田书耘,金超量,等.脉冲功率晶闸管反向恢复特性[J].强激光与粒子束,2016,28(11):115001-1-115001-5.DAI Ling,TIAN Shuyun,JIN Chaoliang,et al.Reverse recovery characteristics of pulse power thyristor[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2016,28(11):115001-1-115001-5.
[18]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等.混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):18-30.ZHU Tong,YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,et al.Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):18-30.
[19]杨兰均,李晨辉,黄东,等.串联晶闸管的同步触发技术研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3274-3279.YANG Lanjun,LI Chenhui,HUANG Dong,et al.Characteristics of the synchronous triggering of the serial thyristors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3274-3279.
[2]RAM C M G,PAVOL B,THIWANKA W,et al.Design of a power electronic assisted OLTC for grid voltage regulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(3):1086-1095.
[3]ROGERS D J,GREEN T C,SILVERSIDES R W.A low-wear on-load tap changer diverter switch for frequent voltage control on distribution networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(2):860-869.
[4]THIWANKA W,EVA-MARIA B,ARA P,et al.Design simulation and testing of semiconductor assisted OLTC for a grid voltage regulator[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Pittsburgh,USA:IEEE,2014:5675-5681.
[5]宋冬冬,程林,林志法,等.有载分接开关中电力电子技术应用综述[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(8):45-55.SONG Dongdong,CHENG Lin,LIN Zhifa,et al.Review of application on power electronic technology in on-load tap changer[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2017,36(8):45-55.
[6]宋冬冬.一种变压器无弧有载分接开关:中国:ZL201610108983.X[P].2018-2-6.SONG Dongdong.An arc-less transformer OLTC:China:ZL201610108983.X[P].2018-2-6.
[7]赵玉林,李丽贞,李海凤,等.无触点有载调压配电变压器光纤启动方案[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(2):89-94.ZHAO Yulin,LI Lizhen,LI Haifeng,et al.Optical fiber start scheme in contactless distribution transformer with OLTC[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(2):89-94.
[8]梁贵书,晏阔,高飞,等.变压器混合式有载分接开关熄弧方法的仿真及试验研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3156-3163.LIANG Guishu,YAN Kuo,GAO Fei,et al.Study on simulation and experiments of method of extinction hybrid on-load tap changer in transformers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3156-3163.
[9]李金忠,高飞,张书琦,等.一种用于晶闸管有载分接开关的伸缩触头组:中国:CN 103578799 B[P].2016-01-20.LI Jinzhong,GAO Fei,ZHANG Shuqi,et al.A telescopic contact group for a thyristor with a load tapping switch:China:CN 103578799B[P].2016-01-20.
[10]李晓明.一种新型有载分接开关及其分析[J].高压电器,2017,53(4):197-202.LI Xiaoming.New on-load tap changer and its analysis[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(4):197-202.
[11]张德明.真空分接开关技术的论述(4)[J].变压器,2011,48(11):49-52.ZHANG Deming.Review of vacuum on-load tap changer technology(4)[J].Transformer,2011,48(11):49-52.
[12]宋冬冬.一种有载分接开关工作状态在线监测及预警方法:中国:201610091815.4[P].2016-7-13.SONG Dongdong.An on-line monitoring and early warning method for on-load tap changer:China:201610091815.4[P].2016-7-13.
[13]过增元,赵文华.电弧和热等离子体[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.GUO Zengyuan,ZHAO Wenhua.Arc and hot plasma[M].Beijing,China:Science Press,1986.
[14]张黎,王伟,李庆民,等.基于晶闸管开关特性的SVC传导干扰仿真模型[J].高电压技术,2008,34(11):2447-2452.ZHANG Li,WANG Wei,LI Qingmin,et al.Simulation of the conducted interference derived from SVC based on the switching characteristics of thyristors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(11):2447-2452.
[15]徐国顺,庄劲武,周煜韬,等.混合型快速直流开断的短时短间隙电弧现象[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):986-996.XU Guoshun,ZHUANG Jinwu,ZHOU Yutao,et al.The phenomenon of short time short gap arc in hybrid DC fast breaking process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):986-996.
[16]温伟杰,黄瑜珑,吕纲,等.应用于混合式直流断路器的电流转移方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):4005-4012.WEN Weijie,HUANG Yulong,LüGang,et al.Current commutation method in hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):4005-4012.
[17]戴玲,田书耘,金超量,等.脉冲功率晶闸管反向恢复特性[J].强激光与粒子束,2016,28(11):115001-1-115001-5.DAI Ling,TIAN Shuyun,JIN Chaoliang,et al.Reverse recovery characteristics of pulse power thyristor[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2016,28(11):115001-1-115001-5.
[18]朱童,余占清,曾嵘,等.混合式直流断路器模型及其操作暂态特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):18-30.ZHU Tong,YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,et al.Transient model and operation characteristics researches of hybrid DC circuit breaker[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):18-30.
[19]杨兰均,李晨辉,黄东,等.串联晶闸管的同步触发技术研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3274-3279.YANG Lanjun,LI Chenhui,HUANG Dong,et al.Characteristics of the synchronous triggering of the serial thyristors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3274-3279.