诱导冒落冲击振动规律相似实验研究
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摘要
为研究某矿区胶结充填体冒落冲击造成的振动衰减规律及安全垫层厚度,根据相似定律设计物理模型相似实验,制作相似材料模型,通过考虑采空区垫层厚度、垫层孔隙度和冒落高度3个实验方案研究振动变化规律。结果表明:随着垫层孔隙度的增大,其缓冲作用逐渐增大,当孔隙度大于50%时缓冲作用最佳;随着垫层厚度的增加冲击振动呈减小趋势,存在一个散体垫层厚度为冒落高度20%的减振突变期,突变期之后其缓冲作用将不再明显。结合安全垫层最小厚度估算方法,建议该矿区安全垫层厚度为5m。
In order to study caving shock vibration law and safety cushion thickness caused by caving impact of consolidated backfill in a mining area,physical model similarity experiment was designed according to similarity law,and a similar material model was made.The vibration variation law was studied by considering three experimental schemes of cushion thickness,cushion porosity and caving height in the goaf.The results show that the cushioning effect increases with the increase of the porosity of the cushion,and the cushioning effect is the best when the porosity is more than 50%.With the increase of cushion thickness,shock vibration tends to decrease,and there is a shock absorbing mutation period when the thickness of bulk cushion is 20%of the caving height,after which its buffering effect will not be obvious.Combined with the method of estimating the minimum thickness of safety cushion,it is suggested that the safety cushion thickness in this mining area is 5 m.
In order to study caving shock vibration law and safety cushion thickness caused by caving impact of consolidated backfill in a mining area,physical model similarity experiment was designed according to similarity law,and a similar material model was made.The vibration variation law was studied by considering three experimental schemes of cushion thickness,cushion porosity and caving height in the goaf.The results show that the cushioning effect increases with the increase of the porosity of the cushion,and the cushioning effect is the best when the porosity is more than 50%.With the increase of cushion thickness,shock vibration tends to decrease,and there is a shock absorbing mutation period when the thickness of bulk cushion is 20%of the caving height,after which its buffering effect will not be obvious.Combined with the method of estimating the minimum thickness of safety cushion,it is suggested that the safety cushion thickness in this mining area is 5 m.
引文
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[2]潘皇宋.热-力作用下隧道岩爆物理模型试验研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2015.
[3]李丹.高地应力条件下交通隧道的模型试验研究及数值模拟[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院(武汉岩土力学研究所),2008.
[4]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(7):1365-1371.
[5]戴银所,王明洋,严泽臣,等.深部岩体地质力学模型试验相似材料脆性的调整和表征[J].西部探矿工程,2016,28(10):1-3.
[6]史小萌,刘保国,肖杰.水泥和石膏胶结相似材料配比的确定方法[J].岩土力学,2015,36(5):1357-1362.
[7]刘亮亮,王海龙,刘江波,等.低强度相似材料正交配比试验[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2014,33(2):188-192.
[8]陈陆望,白世伟.脆性岩体岩爆倾向性的相似材料配比试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(S2):1050-1054.
[9]肖杰.相似材料模型试验原料选择及配比试验研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2013.
[10]陈水梅.地下工程开挖硐顶塌落拱形态与地表沉降规律分析[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2015.
[11]曹建立,任凤玉.诱导冒落法处理时采空区散体垫层的安全厚度[J].金属矿山,2013(3):45-48.
[12]任凤玉,韩智勇,赵恩平,等.诱导冒落技术及其在北洺河铁矿的应用[J].矿业研究与开发,2007(1):17-19.
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