家禽饲料原料有效能和氨基酸消化率评定体系及影响因素
|
摘要
饲料是家禽所需能量和蛋白质的物质基础,饲粮中碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪在体内经生物氧化供能,而家禽所需的蛋白质实际上是饲料中的各种氨基酸。准确测定家禽饲料原料有效能和可利用氨基酸是确定家禽营养需要量及优化饲粮配方的关键。在家禽营养研究中,科学合理的评定体系及方法对准确测定饲料原料有效能和可利用氨基酸至关重要。然而,家禽饲料原料营养价值评定受诸多因素影响,如动物因素、评定体系及方法、饲料及原料因素、饲料加工工艺和饲料添加剂等。为此,本文就家禽饲料原料有效能和氨基酸消化率评定体系及影响因素进行综述,且就近3年来本课题组开展的有关肉仔鸡饲料原料营养价值评价工作进行了介绍。
Feed is the primary sources of energy and protein for poultry. The carbohydrates,proteins and fats in the diet provide energy for body via biological oxidation,and protein demands for poultry are actually various amino acids. To accurately determine the effective energy and amino acids digestibility is critical to ensure nutrients requirement and optimize feed formulation for poultry. Scientific and reasonable evaluation system and method used in poultry nutrition is important to precisely measure effective energy and amino acids digestibility in feedstuffs. However,various factors affect estimation of feed value,such as animal,evaluation system and method,diets,feed processing,additives and so on. Therefore,the evaluation system and influencing factors of effective energy and amino acids digestibility in feedstuffs fed to poultry were reviewed in the paper. Additionally,researches on evaluation of nutritive value in feed for broilers in the recent three years of our group were also introduced.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 1970-1980]
Feed is the primary sources of energy and protein for poultry. The carbohydrates,proteins and fats in the diet provide energy for body via biological oxidation,and protein demands for poultry are actually various amino acids. To accurately determine the effective energy and amino acids digestibility is critical to ensure nutrients requirement and optimize feed formulation for poultry. Scientific and reasonable evaluation system and method used in poultry nutrition is important to precisely measure effective energy and amino acids digestibility in feedstuffs. However,various factors affect estimation of feed value,such as animal,evaluation system and method,diets,feed processing,additives and so on. Therefore,the evaluation system and influencing factors of effective energy and amino acids digestibility in feedstuffs fed to poultry were reviewed in the paper. Additionally,researches on evaluation of nutritive value in feed for broilers in the recent three years of our group were also introduced.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 1970-1980]
引文
[1] KONG C,ADEOLA O.Evaluation of amino acid and energy utilization in feedstuff for sw ine and poultry diets[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(7):917-925.
[2] STEIN H H,SEVE B,FULLER M F,et al.Invited review:amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients:terminology and application[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(1):172-180.
[3] ADEOLA O,XUE P C,COWIESON A J,et al.Basal endogenous losses of amino acids in protein nutrition research for sw ine and poultry[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,221:274-283.
[4]印遇龙.未来饲料:环保、无药、精准营养[R]2017湖南猪业博览会暨高峰养猪论坛.长沙:湖南国际会展中心,2017.
[5]石有龙.中国畜牧业发展现状与趋势[J].兽医导刊,2018(11):7-10.
[6]薛凌峰,胡琴,李德发.浅谈猪的能量代谢及饲料能量评价[C]//2010中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第六次全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.杨凌:中国畜牧兽医学会,2010:13-20.
[7] SIBBALD I R.Measurement of bioavailable energy in poultry feedingstuffs:a review[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1982,62(4):983-1048.
[8] VAN MILGEN J,NOBLET J,DUBOIS S. Energetic efficiency of starch,protein and lipid utilization in grow ing pigs[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(4):1309-1318.
[9]杨亭,贾刚,赵华,等.家禽净能体系的构建与应用研究进展[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.武汉:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2016:83-90.
[10]陈代文.家禽饲料评定的代谢能体系及其有效性评价[J].四川农业大学学报,1994,12(4):524-529.
[11] ZANELLA I,SAKOMURA N K,SILVERSIDES F G,et al. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(4):561-568.
[12] DOUGLAS M W,PARSONS C M,BEDFORD M R.Effect of various soybean meal sources and Avizyme on chick grow th performance and ileal digestible energy[J]. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2000,9(1):74-80.
[13] ADEOLA O,ANWAR M N,ABDOLLAHI M R,et al. Age-related energy values of meat and bone meal for broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2018,97(7):2516-2524.
[14] HANCOCK S,ZHANG F,ADEOLA O. Regression method-derived energy value of dried egg albumen for broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2018,97(5):1677-1680.
[15] BOLARINWA O A,ADEOLA O. Energy value of w heat,barley,and w heat dried distillers grains w ith solubles for broiler chickens determined using the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(8):1928-1935.
[16] KONG C S,ADEOLA O. Determination of ileal digestible and apparent metabolizable energy contents of expeller-extracted and solvent-extracted canola meals for broiler chickens by the regression method[J].Springerplus,2016,5(1):693.
[17] ZHANG F,ADEOLA O. Energy values of canola meal,cottonseed meal,bakery meal,and peanut flour meal for broiler chickens determined using the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2017,96(2):397-404.
[18] STEFANELLO C,VIEIRA S L,XUE P,et al.Age-related energy values of bakery meal for broiler chickens determined using the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2016,95(7):1582-1590.
[19] PEREIRA L F P,ADEOLA O.Energy and phosphorus values of sunflow er meal and rice bran for broiler chickens using the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2016,95(9):2081-2089.
[20] CAO M H,ADEOLA O.Energy value of poultry byproduct meal and animal-vegetable oil blend for broiler chickens by the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2016,95(2):268-275.
[21] ADEOLA O,ZHAI H. Metabolizable energy value of dried corn distillers grains and corn distillers grains w ith solubles for 6-w eek-old broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(3):712-718.
[22]周克,刘国华.家禽饲料有效能值的生物学评定方法[J].中国家禽,2015,37(1):51-54.
[23]王璐,肖志斌,呙于明,等.东北玉米肉鸡表观代谢能预测方程的建立[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3496-3505.
[24]宁冬,呙于明,王永伟,等.间接测热法和回归法估测棉籽粕和玉米蛋白粉在蛋鸡中的代谢能和净能值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(5):968-977.
[25] ADEOLA O,ILELEJI K E. Comparison of two diet types in the determination of metabolizable energy content of corn distillers dried grains w ith solubles for broiler chickens by the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2009,88(3):579-585.
[26]张宏福,赵峰,张子仪.仿生消化法评定猪饲料生物学效价的研究进展[J].饲料与畜牧,2011(3):5-9.
[27]刘雨田.基于仿生消化系统的酶法测定鸡蛋白质饲料代谢能值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[28]任立芹.仿生法评定黄羽肉鸡常用饲料代谢能和可消化氨基酸研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[29] ZHAO F,ZHANG L,MI B M,et al.Using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict the energetic value of corn for ducks[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(6):1410-1420.
[30]陈亮,张宏福,高理想,等.仿生法评定饲料干物质消化率的影响因素[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(15):3199-3205.
[31]王美琴.用仿生消化系统估测鸡饲料代谢能值评定方法的相关性与灵敏度检验[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[32] ZHAO F,REN L Q,MI B M,et al.Developing a computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict the concentration of metabolizable energy of feedstuffs for rooster[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(4):1537-1547.
[33]赵峰,米宝民,任立芹,等.基于单胃动物仿生消化系统的鸡仿生消化法测定饲料酶水解物能值变异程度的研究[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(6):1535-1544.
[34]赵峰,李辉,张宏福.单胃动物仿生消化系统测定鸭饲料酶水解物能值可加性的研究[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(2):495-502.
[35]李德发.猪的营养[M].2版.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2003:84-96.
[36] SWICK R A,WU S B,ZUO J J,et al. Implications and development of a net energy system for broilers[J]. Animal Production Science,2013,53(11):1231-1237.
[37]李婷婷,蔡辉益,闫海洁,等.家禽饲料有效能评定:方法学理论与实践[J].中国家禽,2012,34(3):43-46.
[38]李玉鹏,年芳,李爱科,等.近红外反射光谱技术评定棉籽粕营养价值和蛋公鸡代谢能[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(7):2013-2023.
[39]于梦超,常雅琦,赵华,等.应用近红外光谱分析技术预测小麦肉鸭代谢能的研究[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2294-2302.
[40]申攀.建立0~3周龄黄羽肉鸡玉米净能近红外预测模型以及用常规化学成分建立净能的回归预测模型[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[41]张正帆.应用化学成分及傅里叶近红外建立0~3周龄黄羽肉鸡豆粕净能预测模型的研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[42]赵佳.优质肉鸡的玉米代谢能评定及近红外预测模型的构建[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[43]王超胜.不同来源玉米、豆粕对蛋鸡代谢能和氨基酸可利用率的评定及近红外预测模型的构建[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[44] SIBBALD I R.Estimation of bioavailable amino acids in feedingstuffs for poultry and pigs:a review w ith emphasis on balance experiments[J]. Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1987,67(2):221-300.
[45]石敏.家禽氨基酸消化率的测定方法[J].饲料工业,2008,29(23):11-16.
[46] RUTHERFURD S M,MOUGHAN P J.Available versus digestible dietary amino acids[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,2012,108(Suppl.2):S298-S305.
[47] ELANGO R,LEVESQUE C,BALL R O,et al.Available versus digestible amino acids-new stable isotope methods[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,2012,108(Suppl.2):S306-S314.
[48]李瑞,宋泽和,贺喜.单胃动物内源氨基酸损失的测定方法及影响因素研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(2):3-7,14.
[49]陈亮.猪常用饲料能量和粗蛋白质消化率仿生评定方法的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[50]廖瑞波.肉鸡的玉米标准回肠可消化氨基酸测定及近红外定标模型建立[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[51]李军涛.近红外反射光谱快速评定玉米和小麦营养价值的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[52] BRUNTON J A,SHOVELLER A K,PENCHARZ P B,et al. The indicator amino acid oxidation method identified limiting amino acids in tw o parenteral nutrition solutions in neonatal piglets[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2007,137(5):1253-1259.
[53] ELANGO R,BALL R O,PENCHARZ P B.Indicator amino acid oxidation:concept and application[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2008,138(2):243-246.
[54] COLEMAN R A,BERTOLO R F,MOEHN S,et al.Lysine requirements of pre-lay broiler breeder pullets:determination by indicator amino acid oxidation[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2003,133(9):2826-2829.
[55] MOEHN S,SHOVELLER A K,RADEMACHER M,et al.An estimate of the methionine requirement and its variability in grow ing pigs using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(2):364-369.
[56] SAMUEL R S,MOEHN S,PENCHARZ P B,et al.Dietary lysine requirement of sow s increases in late gestation[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(13):4896-4904.
[57] LEVESQUE C L,MOEHN S,PENCHARZ P B,et al.The metabolic availability of threonine in common feedstuffs fed to adult sow s is higher than published ileal digestibility estimates[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(3):406-410.
[58] ADEDOKUN S A,ADEOLA O,PARSONS C M,et al. Factors affecting endogenous amino acid flow in chickens and the need for consistency in methodology[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(8):1737-1748.
[59] TEN DOESCHATE R A H M,SCHEELE C W,SCHREURS V V A M,et al. Digestibility studies in broiler chickens:influence of genotype,age,sex and method of determination[J]. British Poultry Science,1993,34(1):131-146.
[60]谢堃.肉仔鸡大米与碎米代谢能和标准回肠氨基酸消化率的评定[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.
[61]孙献忠,熊本海.用饲料化学成分预测猪饲料能值的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(11):19-23.
[62] NOBLET J,DUBOIS S,LABUSSIERE E,et al.Metabolic utilization of energy in monogastric animals and its implementation in net energy systems[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Energy and Protein M etabolism and Nutrition.Parma,Italy:European Federation of Animal Science,2010:573-582.
[63] JACOB J P,MITARU B N,MBUGUA P N,et al.The nutritive value of Kenyan sorghum for poultry[J].Tropical Science,1997,37(1):43-48.
[64] PAN L,LI P,MA X K,et al.Tannin is a key factor in the determination and prediction of energy content in sorghum grains fed to grow ing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(7):2879-2889.
[65] PATTERSON J A,BURKHOLDER K M.Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(4):627-631.
[66] PETROLLI T G,ALBINO L F T,ROSTAGNO H S,et al. Herbal extracts in diets for broilers[J]. Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2012,41(7):1683-1690.
[67] MUNIR K,MAQSOOD S.A review on role of exogenous enzyme supplementation in poultry production[J].Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture,2013,25(1):66-80.
[68] CHOCT M,SELBY E A D,CADOGAN D J,et al.Effects of particle size,processing,and dry or liquid feeding on performance of piglets[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2004,55(2):237-245.
[69] AMERAH A M,GILBERT C,SIMMINS P H,et al.Influence of feed processing on the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets[J]. World’s Poultry Science Journal,2011,67(1):29-46.
[70] KIM J S,INGALE S L,BAIDOO S K,et al.Impact of feed processing technology on nutritional value of pigs feed:a review[J]. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology,2016,16(2):181-196.
[71]刁华杰,冯京海,刁新平.高温环境对家禽营养物质消化的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):410-415.
[72] VAN KRIMPEN M M,BINNENDIJK G P,VAN DEN ANKER I,et al.Effects of ambient temperature,feather cover,and housing system on energy partitioning and performance in laying hens[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(11):5019-5031.
[73] DOZIERⅢW A,CORZO A,KIDD M T. Apparent metabolizable energy needs of broiler chicks subjected to diverse ambient temperature regimens[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2008,17(1):134-140.
[74]王永伟,刘国华.家禽饲料有效能值的测定及影响因素[J].饲料工业,2009,30(11):41-44.
[75]黄祥祥.菜粕肉仔鸡标准回肠氨基酸消化率和代谢能的评定[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.
[76]申童.发酵菜粕肉仔鸡代谢能及标准回肠氨基酸消化率的评定[D].硕士学位论文:长沙:湖南农业大学,2018.
[77]潘迪子.米糠肉仔鸡代谢能与标准回肠氨基酸消化率的评定[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.
[78]吴昀昭.米糠粕肉仔鸡代谢能与标准回肠氨基酸消化率的评定[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2018.
[2] STEIN H H,SEVE B,FULLER M F,et al.Invited review:amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in pig feed ingredients:terminology and application[J].Journal of Animal Science,2007,85(1):172-180.
[3] ADEOLA O,XUE P C,COWIESON A J,et al.Basal endogenous losses of amino acids in protein nutrition research for sw ine and poultry[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,221:274-283.
[4]印遇龙.未来饲料:环保、无药、精准营养[R]2017湖南猪业博览会暨高峰养猪论坛.长沙:湖南国际会展中心,2017.
[5]石有龙.中国畜牧业发展现状与趋势[J].兽医导刊,2018(11):7-10.
[6]薛凌峰,胡琴,李德发.浅谈猪的能量代谢及饲料能量评价[C]//2010中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第六次全国饲料营养学术研讨会论文集.杨凌:中国畜牧兽医学会,2010:13-20.
[7] SIBBALD I R.Measurement of bioavailable energy in poultry feedingstuffs:a review[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1982,62(4):983-1048.
[8] VAN MILGEN J,NOBLET J,DUBOIS S. Energetic efficiency of starch,protein and lipid utilization in grow ing pigs[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(4):1309-1318.
[9]杨亭,贾刚,赵华,等.家禽净能体系的构建与应用研究进展[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.武汉:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2016:83-90.
[10]陈代文.家禽饲料评定的代谢能体系及其有效性评价[J].四川农业大学学报,1994,12(4):524-529.
[11] ZANELLA I,SAKOMURA N K,SILVERSIDES F G,et al. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans[J].Poultry Science,1999,78(4):561-568.
[12] DOUGLAS M W,PARSONS C M,BEDFORD M R.Effect of various soybean meal sources and Avizyme on chick grow th performance and ileal digestible energy[J]. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2000,9(1):74-80.
[13] ADEOLA O,ANWAR M N,ABDOLLAHI M R,et al. Age-related energy values of meat and bone meal for broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2018,97(7):2516-2524.
[14] HANCOCK S,ZHANG F,ADEOLA O. Regression method-derived energy value of dried egg albumen for broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2018,97(5):1677-1680.
[15] BOLARINWA O A,ADEOLA O. Energy value of w heat,barley,and w heat dried distillers grains w ith solubles for broiler chickens determined using the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(8):1928-1935.
[16] KONG C S,ADEOLA O. Determination of ileal digestible and apparent metabolizable energy contents of expeller-extracted and solvent-extracted canola meals for broiler chickens by the regression method[J].Springerplus,2016,5(1):693.
[17] ZHANG F,ADEOLA O. Energy values of canola meal,cottonseed meal,bakery meal,and peanut flour meal for broiler chickens determined using the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2017,96(2):397-404.
[18] STEFANELLO C,VIEIRA S L,XUE P,et al.Age-related energy values of bakery meal for broiler chickens determined using the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2016,95(7):1582-1590.
[19] PEREIRA L F P,ADEOLA O.Energy and phosphorus values of sunflow er meal and rice bran for broiler chickens using the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2016,95(9):2081-2089.
[20] CAO M H,ADEOLA O.Energy value of poultry byproduct meal and animal-vegetable oil blend for broiler chickens by the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2016,95(2):268-275.
[21] ADEOLA O,ZHAI H. Metabolizable energy value of dried corn distillers grains and corn distillers grains w ith solubles for 6-w eek-old broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(3):712-718.
[22]周克,刘国华.家禽饲料有效能值的生物学评定方法[J].中国家禽,2015,37(1):51-54.
[23]王璐,肖志斌,呙于明,等.东北玉米肉鸡表观代谢能预测方程的建立[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3496-3505.
[24]宁冬,呙于明,王永伟,等.间接测热法和回归法估测棉籽粕和玉米蛋白粉在蛋鸡中的代谢能和净能值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(5):968-977.
[25] ADEOLA O,ILELEJI K E. Comparison of two diet types in the determination of metabolizable energy content of corn distillers dried grains w ith solubles for broiler chickens by the regression method[J]. Poultry Science,2009,88(3):579-585.
[26]张宏福,赵峰,张子仪.仿生消化法评定猪饲料生物学效价的研究进展[J].饲料与畜牧,2011(3):5-9.
[27]刘雨田.基于仿生消化系统的酶法测定鸡蛋白质饲料代谢能值的研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[28]任立芹.仿生法评定黄羽肉鸡常用饲料代谢能和可消化氨基酸研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[29] ZHAO F,ZHANG L,MI B M,et al.Using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict the energetic value of corn for ducks[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(6):1410-1420.
[30]陈亮,张宏福,高理想,等.仿生法评定饲料干物质消化率的影响因素[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(15):3199-3205.
[31]王美琴.用仿生消化系统估测鸡饲料代谢能值评定方法的相关性与灵敏度检验[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[32] ZHAO F,REN L Q,MI B M,et al.Developing a computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict the concentration of metabolizable energy of feedstuffs for rooster[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(4):1537-1547.
[33]赵峰,米宝民,任立芹,等.基于单胃动物仿生消化系统的鸡仿生消化法测定饲料酶水解物能值变异程度的研究[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(6):1535-1544.
[34]赵峰,李辉,张宏福.单胃动物仿生消化系统测定鸭饲料酶水解物能值可加性的研究[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(2):495-502.
[35]李德发.猪的营养[M].2版.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2003:84-96.
[36] SWICK R A,WU S B,ZUO J J,et al. Implications and development of a net energy system for broilers[J]. Animal Production Science,2013,53(11):1231-1237.
[37]李婷婷,蔡辉益,闫海洁,等.家禽饲料有效能评定:方法学理论与实践[J].中国家禽,2012,34(3):43-46.
[38]李玉鹏,年芳,李爱科,等.近红外反射光谱技术评定棉籽粕营养价值和蛋公鸡代谢能[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(7):2013-2023.
[39]于梦超,常雅琦,赵华,等.应用近红外光谱分析技术预测小麦肉鸭代谢能的研究[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2294-2302.
[40]申攀.建立0~3周龄黄羽肉鸡玉米净能近红外预测模型以及用常规化学成分建立净能的回归预测模型[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[41]张正帆.应用化学成分及傅里叶近红外建立0~3周龄黄羽肉鸡豆粕净能预测模型的研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[42]赵佳.优质肉鸡的玉米代谢能评定及近红外预测模型的构建[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[43]王超胜.不同来源玉米、豆粕对蛋鸡代谢能和氨基酸可利用率的评定及近红外预测模型的构建[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[44] SIBBALD I R.Estimation of bioavailable amino acids in feedingstuffs for poultry and pigs:a review w ith emphasis on balance experiments[J]. Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1987,67(2):221-300.
[45]石敏.家禽氨基酸消化率的测定方法[J].饲料工业,2008,29(23):11-16.
[46] RUTHERFURD S M,MOUGHAN P J.Available versus digestible dietary amino acids[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,2012,108(Suppl.2):S298-S305.
[47] ELANGO R,LEVESQUE C,BALL R O,et al.Available versus digestible amino acids-new stable isotope methods[J]. British Journal of Nutrition,2012,108(Suppl.2):S306-S314.
[48]李瑞,宋泽和,贺喜.单胃动物内源氨基酸损失的测定方法及影响因素研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2018,54(2):3-7,14.
[49]陈亮.猪常用饲料能量和粗蛋白质消化率仿生评定方法的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[50]廖瑞波.肉鸡的玉米标准回肠可消化氨基酸测定及近红外定标模型建立[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[51]李军涛.近红外反射光谱快速评定玉米和小麦营养价值的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[52] BRUNTON J A,SHOVELLER A K,PENCHARZ P B,et al. The indicator amino acid oxidation method identified limiting amino acids in tw o parenteral nutrition solutions in neonatal piglets[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2007,137(5):1253-1259.
[53] ELANGO R,BALL R O,PENCHARZ P B.Indicator amino acid oxidation:concept and application[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2008,138(2):243-246.
[54] COLEMAN R A,BERTOLO R F,MOEHN S,et al.Lysine requirements of pre-lay broiler breeder pullets:determination by indicator amino acid oxidation[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2003,133(9):2826-2829.
[55] MOEHN S,SHOVELLER A K,RADEMACHER M,et al.An estimate of the methionine requirement and its variability in grow ing pigs using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(2):364-369.
[56] SAMUEL R S,MOEHN S,PENCHARZ P B,et al.Dietary lysine requirement of sow s increases in late gestation[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(13):4896-4904.
[57] LEVESQUE C L,MOEHN S,PENCHARZ P B,et al.The metabolic availability of threonine in common feedstuffs fed to adult sow s is higher than published ileal digestibility estimates[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(3):406-410.
[58] ADEDOKUN S A,ADEOLA O,PARSONS C M,et al. Factors affecting endogenous amino acid flow in chickens and the need for consistency in methodology[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(8):1737-1748.
[59] TEN DOESCHATE R A H M,SCHEELE C W,SCHREURS V V A M,et al. Digestibility studies in broiler chickens:influence of genotype,age,sex and method of determination[J]. British Poultry Science,1993,34(1):131-146.
[60]谢堃.肉仔鸡大米与碎米代谢能和标准回肠氨基酸消化率的评定[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.
[61]孙献忠,熊本海.用饲料化学成分预测猪饲料能值的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(11):19-23.
[62] NOBLET J,DUBOIS S,LABUSSIERE E,et al.Metabolic utilization of energy in monogastric animals and its implementation in net energy systems[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Energy and Protein M etabolism and Nutrition.Parma,Italy:European Federation of Animal Science,2010:573-582.
[63] JACOB J P,MITARU B N,MBUGUA P N,et al.The nutritive value of Kenyan sorghum for poultry[J].Tropical Science,1997,37(1):43-48.
[64] PAN L,LI P,MA X K,et al.Tannin is a key factor in the determination and prediction of energy content in sorghum grains fed to grow ing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(7):2879-2889.
[65] PATTERSON J A,BURKHOLDER K M.Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production[J].Poultry Science,2003,82(4):627-631.
[66] PETROLLI T G,ALBINO L F T,ROSTAGNO H S,et al. Herbal extracts in diets for broilers[J]. Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2012,41(7):1683-1690.
[67] MUNIR K,MAQSOOD S.A review on role of exogenous enzyme supplementation in poultry production[J].Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture,2013,25(1):66-80.
[68] CHOCT M,SELBY E A D,CADOGAN D J,et al.Effects of particle size,processing,and dry or liquid feeding on performance of piglets[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2004,55(2):237-245.
[69] AMERAH A M,GILBERT C,SIMMINS P H,et al.Influence of feed processing on the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in broiler diets[J]. World’s Poultry Science Journal,2011,67(1):29-46.
[70] KIM J S,INGALE S L,BAIDOO S K,et al.Impact of feed processing technology on nutritional value of pigs feed:a review[J]. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology,2016,16(2):181-196.
[71]刁华杰,冯京海,刁新平.高温环境对家禽营养物质消化的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(2):410-415.
[72] VAN KRIMPEN M M,BINNENDIJK G P,VAN DEN ANKER I,et al.Effects of ambient temperature,feather cover,and housing system on energy partitioning and performance in laying hens[J]. Journal of Animal Science,2014,92(11):5019-5031.
[73] DOZIERⅢW A,CORZO A,KIDD M T. Apparent metabolizable energy needs of broiler chicks subjected to diverse ambient temperature regimens[J].The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2008,17(1):134-140.
[74]王永伟,刘国华.家禽饲料有效能值的测定及影响因素[J].饲料工业,2009,30(11):41-44.
[75]黄祥祥.菜粕肉仔鸡标准回肠氨基酸消化率和代谢能的评定[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.
[76]申童.发酵菜粕肉仔鸡代谢能及标准回肠氨基酸消化率的评定[D].硕士学位论文:长沙:湖南农业大学,2018.
[77]潘迪子.米糠肉仔鸡代谢能与标准回肠氨基酸消化率的评定[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2017.
[78]吴昀昭.米糠粕肉仔鸡代谢能与标准回肠氨基酸消化率的评定[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2018.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |