六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷降感技术研究进展
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摘要
六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW,CL-20)是一种高能量密度新型含能材料,在单质炸药、混合炸药以及推进剂等方面有着广泛的应用前景。但是CL-20感度较高的特点限制了其进一步推广应用,对CL-20晶体进行晶体修饰处理可以有效地降低其感度。概述国内外CL-20晶体修饰降低感度技术研究进展,总结了共结晶和核壳结构包覆两种主要的晶体修饰降感方法,并对不同方法降感机理进行分析。对共结晶和核壳结构包覆这两种降感方法的研究现状进行梳理并对降感效果进行了总结和对比,最后分析该领域的研究趋势。
Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtziane( HNIW,CL-20) is a new energetic material with high energy density.It has broad application in explosive,mixed explosive and propellant.However,high sensitivity of CL-20 limits its further application.Crystal modification of CL-20 crystal can effectively reduce its sensitivity.The research progress of CL-20 crystal modification and sensitization reduction technology domestic and foreign is summarized.Main crystal modification methods are discussed,which are modification of cocrystal method and construction core-shell structure method.The mechanism of sensitization reduction by different methods is analyzed.Two different methods of decreasing sensitivity were introduced and effects of these different crystal methods in sensitivity decrease are compared.Finally,tendency of the research field is pointed out.
Hexanitro-hexaazaisowurtziane( HNIW,CL-20) is a new energetic material with high energy density.It has broad application in explosive,mixed explosive and propellant.However,high sensitivity of CL-20 limits its further application.Crystal modification of CL-20 crystal can effectively reduce its sensitivity.The research progress of CL-20 crystal modification and sensitization reduction technology domestic and foreign is summarized.Main crystal modification methods are discussed,which are modification of cocrystal method and construction core-shell structure method.The mechanism of sensitization reduction by different methods is analyzed.Two different methods of decreasing sensitivity were introduced and effects of these different crystal methods in sensitivity decrease are compared.Finally,tendency of the research field is pointed out.
引文
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[21]范敬辉,张凯,吴菊英,等.超细含能材料的微胶囊化技术[J].材料导报,2006,20(S2):293-295.
[22]AEROSP J,MANAG T,SO J C,et al.Methodologies for characterization of aerospace polymers/energetic materials-a short review[J].Aerosp. Sci. Technol.,2016,8(1):18-25.
[23]ZHU Y F,LU Y W,GAO B,et al. Ultrasonic-assisted emulsion synthesis of well-distributed sphericalcomposite CL-20@PNA with enhanced high sensitivity[J]. Mater.Lett.,2017,205(53):94-97.
[24]池俊杰,邢校辉,赵财,等.钝感剂在含能材料中的应用[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2015,13(1):20-26.
[25]TEIPEL U. Energetic materials[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2009:177-179.
[26]MARTIN S S,MARRE S,GUIONNEAU P,et al. Hostguest inclusion compound from nitramine crystals exposed to condensed carbon dioxide[J]. Chem. Eur. J.,2010,16(45):13 473-13 478.
[27]SIMPSON R L,URTIEW P A,ORNELLAS D L,et al.CL-20 Performance exceeds that of HMX and its sensitivity is moderate[J]. Propell. Explos. Pyrot.,2004,5(22):249-255.
[28]HOFFMAN D M. Fatigue of lx-14 and lx-19 plastic bonded explosives[J]. J. Energ. Mater.,2006,18(1):1-27.
[29]冀威,李小东,王晶禹,等.纳米ε-CL-20/Estane制备与表征[J].含能材料,2015,23(11):1 084-1 088.
[30]高康.超细CL-20的晶型控制与包覆配方研究[D].太原:中北大学,2016.
[31]金韶华,于昭兴,欧育湘,等.六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷包覆钝感的探索[J].含能材料,2004,12(3):147-150.
[32]YANG Z J,DENG L,WU P,et al.Fabrication of RDX,HMX and CL-20 based microcapsules via in situ polymerization of melamine for maldehyderesins with reduced sensitivity[J].Chem.Eng. J.,2015,268(24):60-66.
[33]陈鲁英,赵省向,杨培进,等.CL-20炸药的包覆钝感研究[J].含能材料,2006,14(3):171-173.
[34]尚风琴,金韶华,王霞,等. CL-20的降感包覆研究[J].四川兵工学报,2015,36(1):25-27.
[35]王晶禹,高康,徐文峥,等.硬脂酸钙对CL-20/Estane复合粒子性能的影响[J].火炸药学报,2015,38(4):22-26.
[36]王小军,尚凤琴,王霞,等.1-甲基-4,5-二硝基咪唑包覆钝感CL-20研究[J].四川兵工学报,2013,34(5):120-122.
[37]杨志剑,黄忠,刘世俊.核壳型复合炸药的制备与性能研究[C].2013年第二届全国危险物质与安全应急技术探讨会,2013,106-111.
[38]叶宝云,王晶禹,安崇伟,等.CL-20基复合含能材料的制备及性能[J].固体火箭技术,2017,40(2):199-203.
[39]苗成才,马英华,马会强,等.高能氧化剂表面包覆研究进展[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2011,9(4):58-66.
[2]欧育湘.炸药学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2014:290-291.
[3]SIDER A K,SIKDER N,GANDHE B R,et al.Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane or CL-20 in India:synthesis and Characterisation[J].Def.Sci.J.,2002,52(2):135-146.
[4]ULRICH T,BABUSHKIN A Y,BREMSER J K,et al.Energetic materials particle processing and characterization[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2009:98-102.
[5]张朴,郭学勇,张静元,等.机械研磨制备球形超细CL-20[J].含能材料,2013,21(6):738-742.
[6]张安帮,曹耀峰,马宇,等.含能共晶堆积结构的理论研究[J].含能材料,2015,23(9):848-857.
[7]JONATHAN C B,NILANJANA C,JEFF W K,et al.Hydrogen peroxide solvates of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane[J]. Angew. Chem.,2016,55(42):13 312-13 315.
[8]SABINE S M,SAMUEL M,GUIONNEAU P,et al.Hostguest inclusion compound from nitramine crystals exposed to condensed carbon dioxide[J]. Chem. Eur. J.,2010,16(45):13 473-13 478.
[9]GUO C Y,ZHANG H B,WANG X C,et al.Crystal structure and explosive performance of a new CL-20/caprolactamcocrystal[J]. J. Mol. Struct.,2013,1 048(11):267-273.
[10]MILLAR D,HELEN E C,DAVID R,et al.Crystal engineering of energetic materials:Co-crystals of CL-20[J].Ctyst Eng Commun,2012,14(10):3 742-3 749.
[11]BOLTON O,MATZGER A J. Improved stability and smart-material functionality realized in an energetic cocrystal[J].Angew.Chem.,2011,123(38):9 122-9 125.
[12]BOLTON O,SIMKE L R,PAGORIA P F,et al. High power explosive with good sensitivity:a 2∶1 cocrystal of CL-20∶HMX[J]. Cryst. Growth Des.,2012,12(9):4 311-4 318.
[13]GAO B,WANG D J,ZHANG J,et al.Facile,continuous and large-scale synthesis of CL-20/HMX nano co-crystals with high-performance by ultrasonic spray-assisted electrostatic adsorption method[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A,2014,2(47):19 969-19 974.
[14]王晶禹,李鹤群,安崇伟,等.超细CL-20/TNT共晶炸药的喷雾干燥制备与表征[J].含能材料,2015,23(11):1 103-1 106.
[15]宋小兰,王毅,宋朝阳,等.CL-20/DNT共晶炸药的制备及其性能研究[J].火炸药学报,2016,39(1):23-27.
[16]舒远杰,武宗凯,刘宁,等.晶形控制及形成共晶:含能材料改性研究的重要途径[J].火炸药学报,2015,38(5):1-8.
[17]王玉平,杨宗伟,李洪珍,等.CL-20/DNB共晶炸药的制备与表征[J].含能材料,2013,21(4):554-555.
[18]ANDERSON S R,DAVID J E,SALAN J S,et al.Preparation of an energetic-energetic cocrystal using resonant acoustic mixing[J]. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech.,2015,39(5):637-640.
[19]武宗凯,舒远杰,刘宁,等.CL-20/FOX-7共晶的分子动力学模拟[J].火炸药学报,2016,39(3):37-42.
[20]XIONG S L,CHEN S S,JIN S H,et al. Molecular dynamics simulations on dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'diolate/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane cocrystal[J].RSC Adv.,2016,6(5):4 221-4 226.
[21]范敬辉,张凯,吴菊英,等.超细含能材料的微胶囊化技术[J].材料导报,2006,20(S2):293-295.
[22]AEROSP J,MANAG T,SO J C,et al.Methodologies for characterization of aerospace polymers/energetic materials-a short review[J].Aerosp. Sci. Technol.,2016,8(1):18-25.
[23]ZHU Y F,LU Y W,GAO B,et al. Ultrasonic-assisted emulsion synthesis of well-distributed sphericalcomposite CL-20@PNA with enhanced high sensitivity[J]. Mater.Lett.,2017,205(53):94-97.
[24]池俊杰,邢校辉,赵财,等.钝感剂在含能材料中的应用[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2015,13(1):20-26.
[25]TEIPEL U. Energetic materials[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2009:177-179.
[26]MARTIN S S,MARRE S,GUIONNEAU P,et al. Hostguest inclusion compound from nitramine crystals exposed to condensed carbon dioxide[J]. Chem. Eur. J.,2010,16(45):13 473-13 478.
[27]SIMPSON R L,URTIEW P A,ORNELLAS D L,et al.CL-20 Performance exceeds that of HMX and its sensitivity is moderate[J]. Propell. Explos. Pyrot.,2004,5(22):249-255.
[28]HOFFMAN D M. Fatigue of lx-14 and lx-19 plastic bonded explosives[J]. J. Energ. Mater.,2006,18(1):1-27.
[29]冀威,李小东,王晶禹,等.纳米ε-CL-20/Estane制备与表征[J].含能材料,2015,23(11):1 084-1 088.
[30]高康.超细CL-20的晶型控制与包覆配方研究[D].太原:中北大学,2016.
[31]金韶华,于昭兴,欧育湘,等.六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷包覆钝感的探索[J].含能材料,2004,12(3):147-150.
[32]YANG Z J,DENG L,WU P,et al.Fabrication of RDX,HMX and CL-20 based microcapsules via in situ polymerization of melamine for maldehyderesins with reduced sensitivity[J].Chem.Eng. J.,2015,268(24):60-66.
[33]陈鲁英,赵省向,杨培进,等.CL-20炸药的包覆钝感研究[J].含能材料,2006,14(3):171-173.
[34]尚风琴,金韶华,王霞,等. CL-20的降感包覆研究[J].四川兵工学报,2015,36(1):25-27.
[35]王晶禹,高康,徐文峥,等.硬脂酸钙对CL-20/Estane复合粒子性能的影响[J].火炸药学报,2015,38(4):22-26.
[36]王小军,尚凤琴,王霞,等.1-甲基-4,5-二硝基咪唑包覆钝感CL-20研究[J].四川兵工学报,2013,34(5):120-122.
[37]杨志剑,黄忠,刘世俊.核壳型复合炸药的制备与性能研究[C].2013年第二届全国危险物质与安全应急技术探讨会,2013,106-111.
[38]叶宝云,王晶禹,安崇伟,等.CL-20基复合含能材料的制备及性能[J].固体火箭技术,2017,40(2):199-203.
[39]苗成才,马英华,马会强,等.高能氧化剂表面包覆研究进展[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2011,9(4):58-66.