定向聚能爆破弱化综掘工作面逆断层应用研究
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摘要
针对综掘工作面过逆断层采用普通爆破预先弱化硬岩时巷道围岩和构造区域煤岩体的稳定性问题,通过理论分析和对比模拟实验研究爆破扰动逆断层构造带的突出原因,提出改变装药结构,采用定向聚能爆破的预防对策并进行现场应用。研究发现,爆破应力波传播到逆断层构造区域时,在煤岩交界面发生波的透射和反射,爆破振动的累积损伤使不同煤岩介质交界面的破坏最为严重,加大了煤岩体的损伤程度和破坏范围,为瓦斯动力灾害的发生提供了弱面,有利于突出的发生;定向聚能爆破可以使爆破作用集中在岩体方向,减少应力波对构造区域煤岩体的扰动;在本实验条件下,聚能方向的应力比普通爆破增加2倍左右,非聚能方向的应力减小约3倍。现场应用表明,采用定向聚能爆破后,综掘工作面坚硬岩石中的裂纹损伤扩展,达到了预先弱化的目的和综掘机破碎岩石的要求,工作面上方逆断层构造区域的煤岩体基本完整,为综掘工作面安全快速通过硬岩逆断层提供了保证。
Aiming at the stability problems of the surrounding rock of roadways and the coal-rock in the tectonic area resulted from ordinary blasting in the reverse fault of the comprehensive excavation face,the coal and gas outbursts caused by blasting disturbance in the reverse fault structural zone were studied through theoretical analysis and comparison simulation experiments. Prevention measures such as changing the charge structure and using the directional cumulative blasting were proposed and applied in practice. It was found that the transmission and reflection of the blasting stress wave occur at the interface of coal and rock when the blasting stress wave propagates to the reverse fault structure area. The cumulative damage of blasting vibration causes the most serious damage to the interface of different coal and rock media,enlarges the damage degree and scope of coal and rock and provides a weak surface for the occurrence of coal and gas outburst even gas dynamic disasters. Directional cumulative blasting can concentrate the blasting action in the direction of rock and reduce the disturbance of the stress wave to the coal-rock in the structural area. Under the experimental conditions,the stresses in the energy accumulation and non-accumulation directions are respectively about 2 times and one third of those of ordinary blasting. The field application of directional accurately cumulative blasting in crossing hard rock faults in fully mechanized excavation face shows that,after blasting,the crack damage expands in the hard rock of the working face which meets the purpose of pre-weakening and the requirement of the rock breaking of the comprehensive excavator,and the coal-rock in the reverse fault structure area above the working face is basically complete which provides a guarantee for safe and rapid crossing the hard rock reverse faults in fully mechanized excavation face.
Aiming at the stability problems of the surrounding rock of roadways and the coal-rock in the tectonic area resulted from ordinary blasting in the reverse fault of the comprehensive excavation face,the coal and gas outbursts caused by blasting disturbance in the reverse fault structural zone were studied through theoretical analysis and comparison simulation experiments. Prevention measures such as changing the charge structure and using the directional cumulative blasting were proposed and applied in practice. It was found that the transmission and reflection of the blasting stress wave occur at the interface of coal and rock when the blasting stress wave propagates to the reverse fault structure area. The cumulative damage of blasting vibration causes the most serious damage to the interface of different coal and rock media,enlarges the damage degree and scope of coal and rock and provides a weak surface for the occurrence of coal and gas outburst even gas dynamic disasters. Directional cumulative blasting can concentrate the blasting action in the direction of rock and reduce the disturbance of the stress wave to the coal-rock in the structural area. Under the experimental conditions,the stresses in the energy accumulation and non-accumulation directions are respectively about 2 times and one third of those of ordinary blasting. The field application of directional accurately cumulative blasting in crossing hard rock faults in fully mechanized excavation face shows that,after blasting,the crack damage expands in the hard rock of the working face which meets the purpose of pre-weakening and the requirement of the rock breaking of the comprehensive excavator,and the coal-rock in the reverse fault structure area above the working face is basically complete which provides a guarantee for safe and rapid crossing the hard rock reverse faults in fully mechanized excavation face.
引文
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[5]穆朝民,王海露,黄文尧,等.高瓦斯低透气性煤体定向聚能爆破增透机制[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2 496-2 500.(MU Chaomin,WANG Hailu,HUANG Wenyao,et al.Increasing permeability mechanism using directional cumulative blasting in coal seams with high concentration of gas and low permeability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2 496-2 500.(in Chinese))
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[10]刘健,刘泽功,高魁,等.深孔爆破在综放开采坚硬顶煤预先弱化和瓦斯抽采中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增1):3 361-3 367.(LIU Jian,LIU Zegong,GAO Kui,et al.Application of deep borehole blasting to top-coalpre-weakening and gas extraction in fully mechanized caving[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.1):3 361-3 367.(in Chinese))
[11]汪海波,徐轩,宗琦,等.综掘硬岩段深孔超前爆破研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):908-915.(WANG Haibo,XU Xuan,ZONG Qi,et al.Research and application of hard rock deep-hole advance blasting in comprehensive roadway excavation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):908-915.(in Chinese))
[12]杨仁树,张召冉,杨立云,等.基于硬岩快掘技术的切缝药包聚能爆破试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(2):317-323.(YANG Renshu,ZHANG Zhaoran,YANG Liyun,et al.Cumulative blasting experiment study of slotted cartridge based on hard-rock rapid driving technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(2):317-323.(in Chinese))
[13]刘健,刘泽功,石必明.低透气性突出煤层巷道快速掘进的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):827-831.(LIU Jian,LIU Zegong,SHI Biming.Study on the roadway excavation rapidly in the low permeability outburst coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(8):827-831.(in Chinese))
[14]张春华,刘泽功,徐涛,等.石门对掘揭开急倾斜煤层突出与爆破增透消突技术[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):85-88.(ZHANGChunhua,LIU Zegong,XU Tao,et al.Coal and gas outburst in steep inclined coal seam uncovered by two reverse drifts and technology of outburst elimination by increasing permeability with blasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):85-88.(in Chinese))
[15]黄文尧,穆朝民,宗琦,等.水胶药柱深孔预裂爆破弱化综采面硬岩断层分析[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(7):102-107.(HUANGWenyao,MU Chaomin,ZONG Qi,et al.Analysis on weakening hard rock used by long-hole presplitting blast in fully mechanized coal face with water-gel explosive grain[J].Journal of Chongqing Universiny,2013,36(7):102-107.(in Chinese))
[16]韩磊,侯水云,贾湛永.深孔预裂爆破弱化坚硬陷落柱技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2018,50(6):81-84.(HAN Lei,HOU Shuiyun,JIAZhanyong.Technology research of deep hole presplit blasting for hard collapse column weakening[J].Coal Engineering,2018,50(6):81-84.(in Chinese))
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