用户换位思考、创业创造力与商业模式内容创新——创业者认知监控的调节作用
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摘要
本文从创业认知的视角探究当下中国新创企业商业模式内容创新的机制问题,认为用户换位思考、创业创造力对新企业商业模式内容创新起重要作用。通过对中国151家初创企业的调查,研究发现:创业者用户换位思考与商业模式内容创新正相关;创业创造力在创业者用户换位思考与商业模式内容创新之间起中介作用;认知监控在创业者用户换位思考与商业模式内容创新之间起调节作用。研究发现不仅有助于进一步深化商业模式内容创新方面的研究,而且有助于深入理解用户换位思考、创业创造力、认知监控等认知变量对创业行为的解释作用,为创业认知理论的发展做出贡献。
From the perspective of entrepreneurial cognition,it explored the mechanism of Chinese new ventures' business model content innovation,and proposed that user perspective taking and entrepreneurial creativity played important roles in the enterprise business model content innovation.Based on this,through the investigation of 151 Chinese start-ups,it finds that:entrepreneurs' user perspective taking is positively correlated with the business model content innovation;entrepreneurial creativity plays a mediating role between entrepreneurs' user perspective taking and business model content innovation;cognition monitor plays a moderating role between entrepreneurs' user perspective taking and business model content innovation.It not only helps further deepen the study on business model content innovation,but also further promotes the integration of entrepreneurial behavior by cognitive variables such as user perspective taking,creativity,and cognition monitor,which ultimately makes contributions to the development of the entrepreneurial cognitive theory.
From the perspective of entrepreneurial cognition,it explored the mechanism of Chinese new ventures' business model content innovation,and proposed that user perspective taking and entrepreneurial creativity played important roles in the enterprise business model content innovation.Based on this,through the investigation of 151 Chinese start-ups,it finds that:entrepreneurs' user perspective taking is positively correlated with the business model content innovation;entrepreneurial creativity plays a mediating role between entrepreneurs' user perspective taking and business model content innovation;cognition monitor plays a moderating role between entrepreneurs' user perspective taking and business model content innovation.It not only helps further deepen the study on business model content innovation,but also further promotes the integration of entrepreneurial behavior by cognitive variables such as user perspective taking,creativity,and cognition monitor,which ultimately makes contributions to the development of the entrepreneurial cognitive theory.
引文
[1]杨俊,云乐鑫.创业网络对商业模式内容创新影响及作用机制的实证研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2015.
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[3]PRANDELLI E,PASQUINI M,VERONA G.In user's shoes:an experimental design on the role of perspective taking in discovering entrepreneurial opportunities[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2016,31(3):287-301.
[4]WU Shali,KEYSAR B.Theeffectofcultureonperspectivetaking[J].Psychological Science,2007,18(7):600-606.
[5]OSIYEVSKYY O,JIM D.Explorative versus exploitative business model change:the cognitive antecedents of firm‐level response to disruptive innovation[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):58-78.
[6]JIM D,BOWEN F.Storm clouds and silver linings:responding to disruptive innovations through cognitive resilience[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2010,34(1):197-217.
[7]MARTINS L L,RINDOVA V P,GREENBAUM B E.Unlocking the hidden value of concepts:a cognitive approach to business model innovation[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):99-117.
[8]MALMSTROM M,JOHANSSON J,WINCENT J.Cognitive constructions of low‐profit and high‐profit business models[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2015,39(5):1083-1109.
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[17]WIKLUND J,SHEPHERD D.Konwledge‐based resources,entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of small and medium‐sized business[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(13):1307-1314.
[18]SHAN W,WALKER G,KOGUT B.Interfirm cooperation and startup innovation in the biotechnology industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(5):387-394.
[19]AHUJA G.Collaboration networks,structural holes,and innovation:a longitudinal study[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,45(3):425-455.
[20]ZOTT C,AMIT R.Business model design and the performance of entrepreneurial firms[J].Organization Science,2007,18(2):181-199.
[21]ZOTT C,AMIT R.The fit between product market strategy and business model:implications for firm performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(1):1-26.
[22]SELMAN R L.Taking another's perspective:role‐taking development in early childhood[J].Child Development,1971,46(2):1721-1734.
[23]KHALID S,SEKIGUCHI T.The role of empathy in entrepreneurial opportunity recognition:an experimental study in Japan and Pakistan[J].Journal of Business Venturing Insights,2018,9(1):1-9.
[24]MCGRATH R G.Business models:a discovery driven approach[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2/3):247-261.
[25]GUO H,SU Z F,DAVID A.Business model innovation:the effects of exploratory orientation,opportunity recognition,and entrepreneurial bricolage in an emerging economy[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2016,33(2):533-549.
[26]SHALLEY C E.Effects of coaction,expected evaluation,and goal setting on creativity and productivity[J].Academy of Management Journal,1995,38(2):483-503.
[27]ZHOU J.New look at creativity in the entrepreneurial process[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2008,2(1):1-5.
[28]DAYAN M,ZACCA R,DI B.An exploratory study of entrepreneurial creativity:its antecedents and mediators in the context of UAE firms[J].Creativity and Innovation Management,2013,22(3):223-241.
[29]FILLIS I,RENSCHLER R.The role of creativity in entrepreneurship[J].Journal of Enterprising Culture,2010,18(1):49.
[30]HOEVER I J,VAN K D,VAN G W P,et al.Fostering team creativity:perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity's potential[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2012,97(5):982-996.
[31]GRANT A M,BERRY J W.The necessity of others is the ther of invention:intrinsic and prosocial motivations,perspective taking,and creativity[J].Academy of Management Journal,2011,54(1):73-96.
[32]BIRAGLIA A,ADILE V.The role of entrepreneurial passion and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions:insights from american homebrewers[J].Journal of Small Business Management,2017,55(1):170-189.
[33]AHLIN B,DRNOVSEK M,HISRICH R D.Entrepreneurs'creativity and firm innovation:the moderating role of entrepreneurial self‐efficacy[J].Small Business Economics,2014,43(1):101-117.
[34]HAYNIE M,SHEPHERD D A.A measure of adaptive cognition for entrepreneurship research[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2009,33(3):695-714.
[35]MOORE J H,WANG Zhorgming.Mentoring top leadership promotes organizational innovativeness through psychological safety and is moderated by cognitive adaptability[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2017,8(2):1-10.
[36]HAYNIE J M,SHEPHERD D A,PATZELT H.Cognitive adaptability and an entrepreneurial task:the role of meta cognitive ability and feedback[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2012,36(2):237-265.
[37]JOHNSTON R E,BATE J D.Strategic frontiers:the starting‐point for innovative growth[J].Strategy and Leadership,2005,33(1):12-18.
[38]薛红志.创业团队、正式结构与新企业绩效[J].管理科学,2011,24(1):1-10.
[39]SKORINKO J L,LAURENT S M,BOUNTRESS K E,et al.Effects of perspective taking on courtroom decisions[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2014,44(4):303-318.
[40]KU G,WANG S C,GALINSKY D A.The promise and perversity of perspective‐taking in organizations[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,2015,35:79-102.
[41]张玉利,刘依冉,杨俊,等.创业者认知监控能改善绩效吗?一个整合模型及实证检验[J].研究与发展管理,2017,29(2):1-9.
[42]KO S,BUTLER J E.Creativity:a key link to entrepreneurial behavior[J].Business Horizons,2007,50(5):365-372.
[43]陈牧迪.创造力、机会识别和创业绩效间关系研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[44]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰.有中介的调节变量和有调节的中介变量[J].心理学报,2006,38(3):448-452.
[2]杨俊,张玉利,刘依冉.创业认知研究综述与开展中国情境化研究的建议[J].管理世界,2015(9):158-169.
[3]PRANDELLI E,PASQUINI M,VERONA G.In user's shoes:an experimental design on the role of perspective taking in discovering entrepreneurial opportunities[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2016,31(3):287-301.
[4]WU Shali,KEYSAR B.Theeffectofcultureonperspectivetaking[J].Psychological Science,2007,18(7):600-606.
[5]OSIYEVSKYY O,JIM D.Explorative versus exploitative business model change:the cognitive antecedents of firm‐level response to disruptive innovation[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):58-78.
[6]JIM D,BOWEN F.Storm clouds and silver linings:responding to disruptive innovations through cognitive resilience[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2010,34(1):197-217.
[7]MARTINS L L,RINDOVA V P,GREENBAUM B E.Unlocking the hidden value of concepts:a cognitive approach to business model innovation[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2015,9(1):99-117.
[8]MALMSTROM M,JOHANSSON J,WINCENT J.Cognitive constructions of low‐profit and high‐profit business models[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2015,39(5):1083-1109.
[9]AMIT R,ZOTT C.Creating value through business model innovation[J].Sloan Management Review,2012,53(3):41-49.
[10]云乐鑫,杨俊,张玉利.创业企业如何实现商业模式内容创新?---基于“网络-学习”双重机制的跨案例研究[J].管理世界,2017(4):119-137.
[11]JOHNSON M W,CHRISTENSEN C M,KAGERMANN H.Reinventing your business model[J].Harvard Business Review,2008,86(12):50-59.
[12]VOELPEL S,LEIBOLD M,TEKIE E,et al.Escapingthe red queen effect in competitive strategy:sense‐testing business models[J].European Management Journal,2005,23(1):37-49.
[13]ZOTT C,AMIT R.Business model design:an activity system perspective[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2/3):216-226.
[14]MAGRETTA J.Why business models matter[J].Harvard Business Review,2002,80(5):86-92.
[15]CHESBROUGH H,ROSENBLOOM R S.The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2002,11(3):529-555.
[16]PHELPS C C.A longitudinal study of the influence of alliance network structure and composition on firm exploratory innovation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2010,53(4):890-913.
[17]WIKLUND J,SHEPHERD D.Konwledge‐based resources,entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of small and medium‐sized business[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24(13):1307-1314.
[18]SHAN W,WALKER G,KOGUT B.Interfirm cooperation and startup innovation in the biotechnology industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,1994,15(5):387-394.
[19]AHUJA G.Collaboration networks,structural holes,and innovation:a longitudinal study[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2000,45(3):425-455.
[20]ZOTT C,AMIT R.Business model design and the performance of entrepreneurial firms[J].Organization Science,2007,18(2):181-199.
[21]ZOTT C,AMIT R.The fit between product market strategy and business model:implications for firm performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2008,29(1):1-26.
[22]SELMAN R L.Taking another's perspective:role‐taking development in early childhood[J].Child Development,1971,46(2):1721-1734.
[23]KHALID S,SEKIGUCHI T.The role of empathy in entrepreneurial opportunity recognition:an experimental study in Japan and Pakistan[J].Journal of Business Venturing Insights,2018,9(1):1-9.
[24]MCGRATH R G.Business models:a discovery driven approach[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2/3):247-261.
[25]GUO H,SU Z F,DAVID A.Business model innovation:the effects of exploratory orientation,opportunity recognition,and entrepreneurial bricolage in an emerging economy[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2016,33(2):533-549.
[26]SHALLEY C E.Effects of coaction,expected evaluation,and goal setting on creativity and productivity[J].Academy of Management Journal,1995,38(2):483-503.
[27]ZHOU J.New look at creativity in the entrepreneurial process[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,2008,2(1):1-5.
[28]DAYAN M,ZACCA R,DI B.An exploratory study of entrepreneurial creativity:its antecedents and mediators in the context of UAE firms[J].Creativity and Innovation Management,2013,22(3):223-241.
[29]FILLIS I,RENSCHLER R.The role of creativity in entrepreneurship[J].Journal of Enterprising Culture,2010,18(1):49.
[30]HOEVER I J,VAN K D,VAN G W P,et al.Fostering team creativity:perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity's potential[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2012,97(5):982-996.
[31]GRANT A M,BERRY J W.The necessity of others is the ther of invention:intrinsic and prosocial motivations,perspective taking,and creativity[J].Academy of Management Journal,2011,54(1):73-96.
[32]BIRAGLIA A,ADILE V.The role of entrepreneurial passion and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions:insights from american homebrewers[J].Journal of Small Business Management,2017,55(1):170-189.
[33]AHLIN B,DRNOVSEK M,HISRICH R D.Entrepreneurs'creativity and firm innovation:the moderating role of entrepreneurial self‐efficacy[J].Small Business Economics,2014,43(1):101-117.
[34]HAYNIE M,SHEPHERD D A.A measure of adaptive cognition for entrepreneurship research[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2009,33(3):695-714.
[35]MOORE J H,WANG Zhorgming.Mentoring top leadership promotes organizational innovativeness through psychological safety and is moderated by cognitive adaptability[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2017,8(2):1-10.
[36]HAYNIE J M,SHEPHERD D A,PATZELT H.Cognitive adaptability and an entrepreneurial task:the role of meta cognitive ability and feedback[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2012,36(2):237-265.
[37]JOHNSTON R E,BATE J D.Strategic frontiers:the starting‐point for innovative growth[J].Strategy and Leadership,2005,33(1):12-18.
[38]薛红志.创业团队、正式结构与新企业绩效[J].管理科学,2011,24(1):1-10.
[39]SKORINKO J L,LAURENT S M,BOUNTRESS K E,et al.Effects of perspective taking on courtroom decisions[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2014,44(4):303-318.
[40]KU G,WANG S C,GALINSKY D A.The promise and perversity of perspective‐taking in organizations[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,2015,35:79-102.
[41]张玉利,刘依冉,杨俊,等.创业者认知监控能改善绩效吗?一个整合模型及实证检验[J].研究与发展管理,2017,29(2):1-9.
[42]KO S,BUTLER J E.Creativity:a key link to entrepreneurial behavior[J].Business Horizons,2007,50(5):365-372.
[43]陈牧迪.创造力、机会识别和创业绩效间关系研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2017.
[44]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰.有中介的调节变量和有调节的中介变量[J].心理学报,2006,38(3):448-452.