采收次数对上部烟叶碳氮代谢及产质量的影响
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摘要
为明确烤烟中下部叶采收次数对上部叶碳氮代谢、衰老进程及产质量的影响,以云烟87为试验材料,设置4种中下部叶采收次数处理,对上部叶碳氮代谢关键酶及部分产物、抗衰老指标及相关酶、伤流液烟碱含量以及烤后烟叶经济性状、常规化学成分及感官质量进行分析,结果表明,随着中下部叶采收次数增加上部叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性降低,氮同化代谢下降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶活性降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,叶片氧化衰老加剧,烟碱含量上升;中下部叶采收4次处理上部叶氮同化代谢较低,碳同化代谢较旺盛,烤后烟叶还原糖含量较高,糖碱比协调,感官质量评价及经济性状较其他处理好。
In order to determine the influence of lower leaves harvest frequency on the carbon nitrogen metabolism, senescence, yield and quality in flue-cured tobacco upper leaves. With Yunyan 87 as an experimental material, four kinds of lower leaves harvesting frequency were designed. The carbon-nitrogen metabolism related enzymes and products, peroxide index and related enzymes, nicotine content of root wound fluid, economic character, conventional chemical composition and sensory quality were analysized. The results show that with the lowest leaf harvest times increase, the activity of nitrate reductase(NR) which in the upper leaves was decreased, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) were decreased, the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was increased. The oxidative aging of the leaves was increased, nitrogen metabolism was decreased, and the content of nicotine was increased. The advisable harvesting frequency was 4, the upper leaves' nitrogen assimilation metabolism was weakened, carbon assimilation metabolism was vigorous, and cured leaves' sugar content were higher, reducing sugar/nicotine were more coordination, sensory quality and economic traits were better than others.
In order to determine the influence of lower leaves harvest frequency on the carbon nitrogen metabolism, senescence, yield and quality in flue-cured tobacco upper leaves. With Yunyan 87 as an experimental material, four kinds of lower leaves harvesting frequency were designed. The carbon-nitrogen metabolism related enzymes and products, peroxide index and related enzymes, nicotine content of root wound fluid, economic character, conventional chemical composition and sensory quality were analysized. The results show that with the lowest leaf harvest times increase, the activity of nitrate reductase(NR) which in the upper leaves was decreased, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) were decreased, the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was increased. The oxidative aging of the leaves was increased, nitrogen metabolism was decreased, and the content of nicotine was increased. The advisable harvesting frequency was 4, the upper leaves' nitrogen assimilation metabolism was weakened, carbon assimilation metabolism was vigorous, and cured leaves' sugar content were higher, reducing sugar/nicotine were more coordination, sensory quality and economic traits were better than others.
引文
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[15]ZHAO J Y,LI L L,ZHAO Y N,et al.Metabolic changes in primary,secondary,and lipid metabolism in tobacco leaf in response to topping[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2018,410(3):839-851.
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[17]PUJARI D S,CHANDA S V.Effect of salinity stress on growth,peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities in vigna seedlings[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2002,24(4):435-439.
[18]王涛,贺帆,徐成龙,等.提高烤烟上部叶可用性技术的研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(9):1127-1131.WANG T,HE F,XU C L,et al.Advances in improving usability of upper flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2011,42(9):1127-1131.
[19]石秋梅,陶芾,李春俭,等.机械损伤对烤烟植株氮素吸收及体内烟碱含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007(2):292-298.SHI Q M,TAO F,LI C J,et al.Effects of mechanical wounding on nitrogen uptake and nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco plants[J].Plant Nutrition And Fertilizer Science,2007(2):292-298.
[20]陈爱国,王树声,申国明,等.烤烟叶片成熟期间碳氮代谢主要物质流分析[J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(4):30-34.CHEN A G,WANG S S,SHEN G M,et al.Analysis of main material flows in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in maturing leaves in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tobaccoica Sinica,2010,16(4):30-34.
[21]王寒,林锐锋,彭琛,等.采收时间对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性和烟叶化学成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2013(8):79-84,90.WANG H,LIN R F,PENG C,et al.Influence of harvesting time on key enzyme activities to carbon and nitrogen metabolism and main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013(8):79-84,90.
[2]OHNMEISS T E,MCCLOUD E.S,LYNDS G Y,et al.Within-Plant relationships among wounding,jasmonic acid,and nicotine:implications for defence In Nicotiana sylvestris[J].New Phytologist,1997,137(3):441-452.
[3]BALDWIN I T,ZHANG Z P,DIAB N,et al.Quantification,correlations and manipulations of wound-induced changes in jasmonic acid and nicotine in Nicotiana sylvestris[J].Planta,1997,201(4):397-404.
[4]史宏志,韩锦峰,刘国顺,等.烤烟碳氮代谢与烟叶香吃味关系的研究[J].中国烟草学报,1998(2):56-63.SHI H Z,HAN J F,LIU G S,et al.Studies on the relationship of carbon and nitrogen metabolism to leaf flavor quality in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,1998(2):56-63.
[5]张森,许自成,李京京,等.烟草碳氮代谢及其调控技术研究进展[J].生物技术进展,2016(5):312-318.ZHANG S,XU Z C,LI J J,et al.Advance on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and regulation of tobacco[J].Current Biotechnology,2016(5):312-318.
[6]丁福章,王发鹏,郑登峰,等.发酵饼肥与减少采收次数对烤烟产质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2011(6):43-45.DING F Z,WANG F P,ZHENG D F,et al.Effect of applying fermented oil-cake fertilizer and reducing harvest times on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2011(6):43-45.
[7]张永春,邱昆鹏,赵新峰.鲜烟采烤次数减少对烟叶产质的影响[J].农业开发与装备,2015(2):73-74.ZHANG Y C,QIU Q P,ZHAO X F.Effects of the reduction of fresh tobacco harvest and roasting times on the yield of tobacco leaves[J].Agricultural Development and Equipment,2015(2):73-74.
[8]范雄,曹志强.烤烟不同采烤次数对烟叶等级结构和工业可用性影响的研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(24):13-15.FAN X,CAO Z Q.Study on the influence of different curing times of flue-cured tobacco on leaf grade structure and industrial usability[J].Modern Agricultural Science And Technology,2015(24):13-15.
[9]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 161-2002烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:409-413.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T 161-2002 determination of total nitrogen in tobacco and tobacco products by continuous flow method[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2002:409-413.
[10]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 160-2002烟草及烟草制品总植物碱的测定连续流动法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:403-407.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T 160-2002 determination of total plant alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco products by continuous flow method[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2002:403-407.
[11]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 159-2002烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002:397-401.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.YC/T159-2002 determination of water soluble sugars in tobacco and tobacco products by continuous flow method[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2002:397-401.
[12]YELLE S,CHETELAT R T,DORAIS M,et al.Sink metabolism in tomato fruit iv.genetic and biochemical analysis of sucrose accumulation[J].Plant Physiology,1991,95(4):1026-35.
[13]刘慧英,朱祝军.转化酶在高等植物蔗糖代谢中的作用研究进展[J].植物学通报,2002(6):666-674.LIU H Y,ZHU Z J.Advances on the studies invertase on sucrose metabolism in higher plants[J].Chinese Journal Of Botany,2002(6):666-674.
[14]王健,何建华,徐彦军.烤烟下部叶采收次数对中部叶糖代谢相关酶活性的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2010(8):59-61.WANG J,HE J H,XU Y J.Effect of picking times of lower leaves on enzyme activity related to glycometabolism of middle leaves in flue-cured tobacco[J].Guizhou Agricultural Science,2010(8):59-61.
[15]ZHAO J Y,LI L L,ZHAO Y N,et al.Metabolic changes in primary,secondary,and lipid metabolism in tobacco leaf in response to topping[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2018,410(3):839-851.
[16]BAGATHARIA S B,CHANDA S V.Changes in peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities during cell elongation in Phaseolus hypocotyls[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,1998,20(1):9-13.
[17]PUJARI D S,CHANDA S V.Effect of salinity stress on growth,peroxidase and IAA oxidase activities in vigna seedlings[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2002,24(4):435-439.
[18]王涛,贺帆,徐成龙,等.提高烤烟上部叶可用性技术的研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(9):1127-1131.WANG T,HE F,XU C L,et al.Advances in improving usability of upper flue-cured tobacco leaves[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2011,42(9):1127-1131.
[19]石秋梅,陶芾,李春俭,等.机械损伤对烤烟植株氮素吸收及体内烟碱含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007(2):292-298.SHI Q M,TAO F,LI C J,et al.Effects of mechanical wounding on nitrogen uptake and nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco plants[J].Plant Nutrition And Fertilizer Science,2007(2):292-298.
[20]陈爱国,王树声,申国明,等.烤烟叶片成熟期间碳氮代谢主要物质流分析[J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(4):30-34.CHEN A G,WANG S S,SHEN G M,et al.Analysis of main material flows in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in maturing leaves in flue-cured tobacco[J].Acta Tobaccoica Sinica,2010,16(4):30-34.
[21]王寒,林锐锋,彭琛,等.采收时间对烤烟碳氮代谢关键酶活性和烟叶化学成分的影响[J].烟草科技,2013(8):79-84,90.WANG H,LIN R F,PENG C,et al.Influence of harvesting time on key enzyme activities to carbon and nitrogen metabolism and main chemical components in flue-cured tobacco[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013(8):79-84,90.