南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压经纬向位置配置对中国东部夏季降水的影响
|
摘要
利用1951—2016年逐月中国160站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR全球大气再分析资料和NOAA_ERSST_V4海表温度资料,分析了南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压(西太平洋副高)经、纬向位置的关系及其位置配置对中国东部夏季降水的影响,结果表明:(1)南亚高压与西太平洋副高在纬向上的东西进退存在明显的反相关系,在经向上主要存在一致变化的特征,并依此定义了纬向、经向位置指数。纬向位置指数大(小)表示南亚高压与西太平洋副高纬向上距离远(近),经向位置指数大(小)表示两高压经向位置均趋于偏北(南);(2)纬向位置指数与我国华北、华南沿海地区降水呈显著正相关,而与长江中下游、东北北部地区降水呈显著负相关;经向位置指数与我国华北、东北南部地区降水呈显著正相关,而与我国江南、华南地区降水呈显著负相关;(3)南亚高压与西太平洋副高的经向、纬向位置指数与关键海区的前期春季、同期夏季海表温度均有显著的相关,热带太平洋-印度洋、北印度洋、中东太平洋前期春季、同期夏季海表温度与南亚高压东脊点呈显著正相关,与南亚高压脊线及西太平洋副高西脊点均呈显著负相关,而北太平洋海表温度主要与西太平洋副高脊线呈显著正相关。
Based on the monthly precipitation of 160 stations in China, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and NOAA_ERSST_V4 sea surface temperature(SST) data from 1951 to 2016, we discussed the effects of the relationship between the latitudinal and longitudinal positions of South Asia High(SAH) and Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) on the summer precipitation over East China. The main results are summarized as follows :(1) It is found that the zonal(meridional) position of SAH is out of phase(in phase) with that of the WPSH. According to these findings, a zonal index and a longitudinal index are defined, which can well reflect the latitudinal and longitudinal changes between SAH and WPSH positions.(2) When the latitudinal position of SAH(WPSH) moves further westward(eastward) than normal, more precipitation occurs over North China and South China and less rainfall over the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River basin and Northeast China and vice versa. When the longitudinal locations of SAH and WPSH move further northward(southward) than normal, the rain-band would shift northward(southward)and there would be abundant(deficient) rainfall over North and Northeast China but less(more) rainfall over south of the Yangtze River basin and South China.(3) Moreover, the sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) exerts great impacts on the positions of SAH and WPSH. Positive(negative) SSTA in the tropical Pacific-Indian Ocean, North Indian Ocean and Center-east Pacific Ocean in the preceding spring and contemporary summer is favorable for SAH moving more to the east(west) and south(north) and WPSH shifting more to the west(east). When the North Pacific Ocean SST is warmer(colder), the WPSH tends to move further north(south) than normal.
Based on the monthly precipitation of 160 stations in China, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and NOAA_ERSST_V4 sea surface temperature(SST) data from 1951 to 2016, we discussed the effects of the relationship between the latitudinal and longitudinal positions of South Asia High(SAH) and Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) on the summer precipitation over East China. The main results are summarized as follows :(1) It is found that the zonal(meridional) position of SAH is out of phase(in phase) with that of the WPSH. According to these findings, a zonal index and a longitudinal index are defined, which can well reflect the latitudinal and longitudinal changes between SAH and WPSH positions.(2) When the latitudinal position of SAH(WPSH) moves further westward(eastward) than normal, more precipitation occurs over North China and South China and less rainfall over the middle and low reaches of Yangtze River basin and Northeast China and vice versa. When the longitudinal locations of SAH and WPSH move further northward(southward) than normal, the rain-band would shift northward(southward)and there would be abundant(deficient) rainfall over North and Northeast China but less(more) rainfall over south of the Yangtze River basin and South China.(3) Moreover, the sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) exerts great impacts on the positions of SAH and WPSH. Positive(negative) SSTA in the tropical Pacific-Indian Ocean, North Indian Ocean and Center-east Pacific Ocean in the preceding spring and contemporary summer is favorable for SAH moving more to the east(west) and south(north) and WPSH shifting more to the west(east). When the North Pacific Ocean SST is warmer(colder), the WPSH tends to move further north(south) than normal.
引文
[1]吴国雄,毛江玉,段安民,等.青藏高原影响亚洲夏季气候研究的最新进展[J].气象学报,2004,62(5):528-540.
[2] LIU B, WU G, MAO J, et al. Genesis of the South Asian High and its impact on the Asian Summer Monsoon onset[J]. J Clim, 2013, 26(9):2 976-2 991.
[3]钱永甫,张琼,张学洪.南亚高压与我国盛夏气候异常[J].南京大学学报,2002,38(3):295-307.
[4]彭丽霞,孙照渤,陈海山,等.夏季南亚高压多中心特征及其热力影响因子分析[J].大气科学,2016,40(5):1 089-1 106.
[5]陶诗言,朱福康.夏季亚洲南部100毫巴流型的变化及其与西太平洋副热带高压进退的关系[J].气象学报,1964,34(4):385-396.
[6]罗四维,钱正安,王谦谦.夏季100毫巴青藏高压与我国东部旱涝关系的天气气候研究[J].高原气象,1982,1(2):1-10.
[7] CAI X N, LI Y, ZHANG X K, et al. Characteristics of South Asia High in summer in 2010 and its relationship with rainbands in China[J].Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5(7):210-222.
[8]陈永仁,李跃清,齐冬梅.南亚高压对川渝地区盛夏极端旱涝的影响分析[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(6):924-932.
[9]胡景高,陶丽,周兵.南亚高压活动特征及其与我国东部夏季降水的关系[J].高原气象,2010,29(1):128-136.
[10]魏维,张人禾,温敏.南亚高压的南北偏移与我国夏季降水的关系[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(6):650-659.
[11]刘梅,胡洛林,张备,等.梅汛期100 hPa南亚高压特征与江苏梅雨关系研究[J].热带气象学报,2008,24(3):285-293.
[12]郭帅宏,王黎娟,王苗.南亚高压建立早晚与亚洲热带夏季风及中国中东部夏季降水的关系[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(1):129-136.
[13]张新荣,张铁军,刘治国.南亚高压季节性变化与甘肃省春季和初夏降水关系初探[J].干旱气象,2004,22(1):34-37.
[14]张新荣,林纾,扬民.甘肃省夏季极端最高气温的气候特征[J].干旱气象,2004,22(3):44-48.
[15] LIN R, ZHU J, ZHENG F. Decadal shifts of East Asian summer monsoon in a climate model free of explicit GHGs and aerosols[J].Scientific Reports, 2016(6):38 546.
[16]姚秀萍,于玉斌,刘还珠. 2003年淮河流域异常降水期间副热带高压的特征[J].热带气象学报,2005,21(4):393-401.
[17]刘芸芸,丁一汇.西北太平洋夏季风对中国长江流域夏季降水的影响[J].大气科学,2009,33(6):1 225-1 237.
[18]张宇,李耀辉,王劲松,等. 2013年7月我国南方异常持续高温成因分析[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(6):1 172-1 180.
[19] YE T S,ZHI R, ZHAO J H, et al. The two annual northward jumps of the West Pacific Subtropical High and their relationship withsummer rainfall in Eastern China under global warming[J]. Chinese Physics B, 2014, 23(6):528-536.
[20]王黎娟,陈璇,管兆勇,等.江淮流域持续性强降水期间西太副高位置变异与非绝热加热的关系[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(3):327-335.
[21]张宇,李耀辉,刘抗.西太平洋副热带高压对黄淮海夏季区域降水异常的影响[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):518-525.
[22] REN X, YANG X Q, SUN X. Zonal oscillation of Western Pacific Subtropical High and subseasonal SST variations during Yangtzepersistent heavy rainfall events[J]. J Clim, 2013, 26(22):8 929-8 946.
[23]任荣彩,刘屹岷,吴国雄. 1998年7月南亚高压影响西太平洋副热带高压短期变异的过程和机制[J].气象学报,2007,65(2):183-197.
[24]赵兵科,姚秀萍,吴国雄. 2003年夏季淮河流域梅雨期西太平洋副高结构和活动特征及动力机制分析[J].大气科学,2005,29(5):771-779.
[25]张玲,智协飞.南亚高压和西太副高位置与中国盛夏降水异常[J].气象科学,2010,30(4):438-444.
[26]陈永仁,李跃清,齐冬梅.南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压的变化及其与降水的联系[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1 148-1 157.
[27]冯琬,范广洲,朱丽华,等.夏季南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压的相关性分析[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(5):963-970.
[28] XIE P, ARKIN P A. Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical modelpredictions[J]. J Clim, 1996, 9(4):840-858.
[29] HUANG B, BANZON V F, FREEMAN E, et al. Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4(ERSST.v4):Part I. Upgradesand intercomparisons[J]. J Clim, 2014, 28, 911-930.
[30] LIU W, HUANG B, THORNE P W, et al. 2014:Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4(ERSST.v4):Part II.Parametric and structural uncertainty estimations[J]. J Clim, 2014, 931-951.
[31]曾刚,张顾炜,武英娇,等.海表温度异常对南亚高压年代际变化影响的数值模拟[J].气象科学,2016,36(4):436-447.
[32]龚道溢,何学兆.西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化及其气候影响[J].地理学报,2002,57(2):185-193.
[33]刘杰,况雪源,张耀存.对流层上层东半球副热带西风急流与副热带(南亚)高压的关系[J].气象科学,2010,30(1):34-41.
[34]马音,陈文,王林.中国夏季淮河和江南梅雨期降水异常年际变化的气候背景及其比较[J].气象学报,2011,69(2):334-343.
[35]吴国雄,刘平,刘屹岷,等.印度洋海温异常对西太平洋副热带高压的影响———大气中的两级热力适应[J].气象学报,2000,58(5):513-522.
[36] ANNAMALAI H, XIE S P, MCCREARY J P. Impact of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature on developing El Nino[J]. J Clim, 2005, 18(15):302-319.
[37] CHANG C P, LI T. A theory for the tropical tropospheric biennial oscillation[J]. J Atmos Sci, 2000, 57(14):2 209-2 224.
[38]杨建玲,刘秦玉.热带印度洋SST海盆模态的“充电/放电”作用——对夏季南亚高压的影响[J].海洋学报,2008,30(2):12-19.
[39]李永华,卢楚翰,徐海明,等.热带太平洋-印度洋海表温度变化及其对西南地区东部夏季旱涝的影响[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(2):145-156.
[40]蒋国荣,沙文钰,蔡剑平.印度洋和北太平洋海温与夏季西太平洋副热带高压长期变动的关系[J].海洋预报,1991,(01):16-24.
[2] LIU B, WU G, MAO J, et al. Genesis of the South Asian High and its impact on the Asian Summer Monsoon onset[J]. J Clim, 2013, 26(9):2 976-2 991.
[3]钱永甫,张琼,张学洪.南亚高压与我国盛夏气候异常[J].南京大学学报,2002,38(3):295-307.
[4]彭丽霞,孙照渤,陈海山,等.夏季南亚高压多中心特征及其热力影响因子分析[J].大气科学,2016,40(5):1 089-1 106.
[5]陶诗言,朱福康.夏季亚洲南部100毫巴流型的变化及其与西太平洋副热带高压进退的关系[J].气象学报,1964,34(4):385-396.
[6]罗四维,钱正安,王谦谦.夏季100毫巴青藏高压与我国东部旱涝关系的天气气候研究[J].高原气象,1982,1(2):1-10.
[7] CAI X N, LI Y, ZHANG X K, et al. Characteristics of South Asia High in summer in 2010 and its relationship with rainbands in China[J].Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2017, 5(7):210-222.
[8]陈永仁,李跃清,齐冬梅.南亚高压对川渝地区盛夏极端旱涝的影响分析[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(6):924-932.
[9]胡景高,陶丽,周兵.南亚高压活动特征及其与我国东部夏季降水的关系[J].高原气象,2010,29(1):128-136.
[10]魏维,张人禾,温敏.南亚高压的南北偏移与我国夏季降水的关系[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(6):650-659.
[11]刘梅,胡洛林,张备,等.梅汛期100 hPa南亚高压特征与江苏梅雨关系研究[J].热带气象学报,2008,24(3):285-293.
[12]郭帅宏,王黎娟,王苗.南亚高压建立早晚与亚洲热带夏季风及中国中东部夏季降水的关系[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(1):129-136.
[13]张新荣,张铁军,刘治国.南亚高压季节性变化与甘肃省春季和初夏降水关系初探[J].干旱气象,2004,22(1):34-37.
[14]张新荣,林纾,扬民.甘肃省夏季极端最高气温的气候特征[J].干旱气象,2004,22(3):44-48.
[15] LIN R, ZHU J, ZHENG F. Decadal shifts of East Asian summer monsoon in a climate model free of explicit GHGs and aerosols[J].Scientific Reports, 2016(6):38 546.
[16]姚秀萍,于玉斌,刘还珠. 2003年淮河流域异常降水期间副热带高压的特征[J].热带气象学报,2005,21(4):393-401.
[17]刘芸芸,丁一汇.西北太平洋夏季风对中国长江流域夏季降水的影响[J].大气科学,2009,33(6):1 225-1 237.
[18]张宇,李耀辉,王劲松,等. 2013年7月我国南方异常持续高温成因分析[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(6):1 172-1 180.
[19] YE T S,ZHI R, ZHAO J H, et al. The two annual northward jumps of the West Pacific Subtropical High and their relationship withsummer rainfall in Eastern China under global warming[J]. Chinese Physics B, 2014, 23(6):528-536.
[20]王黎娟,陈璇,管兆勇,等.江淮流域持续性强降水期间西太副高位置变异与非绝热加热的关系[J].热带气象学报,2011,27(3):327-335.
[21]张宇,李耀辉,刘抗.西太平洋副热带高压对黄淮海夏季区域降水异常的影响[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):518-525.
[22] REN X, YANG X Q, SUN X. Zonal oscillation of Western Pacific Subtropical High and subseasonal SST variations during Yangtzepersistent heavy rainfall events[J]. J Clim, 2013, 26(22):8 929-8 946.
[23]任荣彩,刘屹岷,吴国雄. 1998年7月南亚高压影响西太平洋副热带高压短期变异的过程和机制[J].气象学报,2007,65(2):183-197.
[24]赵兵科,姚秀萍,吴国雄. 2003年夏季淮河流域梅雨期西太平洋副高结构和活动特征及动力机制分析[J].大气科学,2005,29(5):771-779.
[25]张玲,智协飞.南亚高压和西太副高位置与中国盛夏降水异常[J].气象科学,2010,30(4):438-444.
[26]陈永仁,李跃清,齐冬梅.南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压的变化及其与降水的联系[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1 148-1 157.
[27]冯琬,范广洲,朱丽华,等.夏季南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压的相关性分析[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(5):963-970.
[28] XIE P, ARKIN P A. Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical modelpredictions[J]. J Clim, 1996, 9(4):840-858.
[29] HUANG B, BANZON V F, FREEMAN E, et al. Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4(ERSST.v4):Part I. Upgradesand intercomparisons[J]. J Clim, 2014, 28, 911-930.
[30] LIU W, HUANG B, THORNE P W, et al. 2014:Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 4(ERSST.v4):Part II.Parametric and structural uncertainty estimations[J]. J Clim, 2014, 931-951.
[31]曾刚,张顾炜,武英娇,等.海表温度异常对南亚高压年代际变化影响的数值模拟[J].气象科学,2016,36(4):436-447.
[32]龚道溢,何学兆.西太平洋副热带高压的年代际变化及其气候影响[J].地理学报,2002,57(2):185-193.
[33]刘杰,况雪源,张耀存.对流层上层东半球副热带西风急流与副热带(南亚)高压的关系[J].气象科学,2010,30(1):34-41.
[34]马音,陈文,王林.中国夏季淮河和江南梅雨期降水异常年际变化的气候背景及其比较[J].气象学报,2011,69(2):334-343.
[35]吴国雄,刘平,刘屹岷,等.印度洋海温异常对西太平洋副热带高压的影响———大气中的两级热力适应[J].气象学报,2000,58(5):513-522.
[36] ANNAMALAI H, XIE S P, MCCREARY J P. Impact of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature on developing El Nino[J]. J Clim, 2005, 18(15):302-319.
[37] CHANG C P, LI T. A theory for the tropical tropospheric biennial oscillation[J]. J Atmos Sci, 2000, 57(14):2 209-2 224.
[38]杨建玲,刘秦玉.热带印度洋SST海盆模态的“充电/放电”作用——对夏季南亚高压的影响[J].海洋学报,2008,30(2):12-19.
[39]李永华,卢楚翰,徐海明,等.热带太平洋-印度洋海表温度变化及其对西南地区东部夏季旱涝的影响[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(2):145-156.
[40]蒋国荣,沙文钰,蔡剑平.印度洋和北太平洋海温与夏季西太平洋副热带高压长期变动的关系[J].海洋预报,1991,(01):16-24.