2002～2005年长白山火山气体的释放特征与地球化学异常研究——多源高光谱遥感证据
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摘要
长白山火山区是我国具有潜在喷发危险的活火山,在2002~2005年火山活动性增强出现了岩浆房扰动。利用卫星遥感技术具有观测范围大、观测时间长且连续的优势。因此,本文利用对流层污染探测仪(MOPITT)和大气红外探测仪(AIRS)高光谱遥感数据提取了2002~2005年长白山天池火山区CO总量、O_3总量、水汽总量和地表温度异常信息,讨论了高光谱遥感气体地球化学异常信息与火山活动性之间的关系,并对2002~2005年长白山天池火山区火山活动性进行了研究。结果表明,高光谱遥感数据观测到的气体地球化学(CO、O_3、水汽)异常与地震、形变监测结果以及地面流体(CO_2、He、H_2)观测结果相一致,表明MOPITT和AIRS高光谱遥感卫星观测到的气体异常变化较好地反映了2002~2005年大规模的深部岩浆局部扰动。在2002~2005年火山活动期间,CO总量、O_3总量、水汽总量和地表温度均出现了显著异常且异常出现时段相应准偏差显著增大,反映了气体逸出量在时间上具有不均一性,可能与火山、地震活动过程中地应力的作用和变化有关。从气体异常持续的时间以及地面观测结果综合分析,2002~2005年岩浆房扰动并没有产生长时间的地幔物质流的上升和迁移。在火山活动性增强的时间段内,地表温度出现异常低值,这可能与太平洋板块俯冲过程中引起的断裂拉张增强有关。此外,火山活动过程中逸出的气体进入大气圈产生大气化学反应也会导致高光谱遥感所观测到的气体地球化学异常。研究结果为2002~2005年长白山火山活动性的研究提供了来自高光谱遥感数据的气体地球化学新证据,也对高光谱分辨率遥感数据在火山活动规律的研究以及火山监测中的应用具有一定意义。
The Changbai Volcano is a volcanic area of potentially eruption dangerous in China. Enhanced volcanic activities and magma chamber disturbances occurred in 2002 ~ 2005. The remote sensing observation technology has the spatial and temporal advantages,which might be used in the volcanic monitoring and research. Thus the anomalies of CO total column( Tot CO),total O_3( TotO_3),total H_2O( TotH_2O) and surface skin temperature( SKT) in the Changbai Volcano during the period from 2002 to 2005 were extracted from the archived data of Measurement of Pollution In The Troposphere( MOPITT) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder( AIRS) hyperspectral satellite data. The results indicated it is well consistent of the multi-hyperspectral satellite data and the fluid observation in the field. Significant anomalies of Tot CO,Tot O_3,Tot H_2O,SKT and the corresponding standard deviation increased in2002 ~ 2005,which indicate the gases degassing is temporal inhomogeneity. This might attribute to the degassing in the volcanic region under action of tectonic stress and volcanic activities. According to the field observation,the degassed gases were deduced might origin from the mantle. However,the migration of mantle materials did not last long period during the volcanic activities. The anomalies of SKT during the volcanic activities period might relate to the enhanced pulling-apart of faults in the area during the subduction process of Pacific slab beneath the Asian slab. Meanwhile,the results also show chemical reaction between the degassed gases and the components in the atmosphere. The results enriched the evidence from hyperspectral satellite data to the volcanic activities and favored the monitoring to the volcano activities.
The Changbai Volcano is a volcanic area of potentially eruption dangerous in China. Enhanced volcanic activities and magma chamber disturbances occurred in 2002 ~ 2005. The remote sensing observation technology has the spatial and temporal advantages,which might be used in the volcanic monitoring and research. Thus the anomalies of CO total column( Tot CO),total O_3( TotO_3),total H_2O( TotH_2O) and surface skin temperature( SKT) in the Changbai Volcano during the period from 2002 to 2005 were extracted from the archived data of Measurement of Pollution In The Troposphere( MOPITT) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder( AIRS) hyperspectral satellite data. The results indicated it is well consistent of the multi-hyperspectral satellite data and the fluid observation in the field. Significant anomalies of Tot CO,Tot O_3,Tot H_2O,SKT and the corresponding standard deviation increased in2002 ~ 2005,which indicate the gases degassing is temporal inhomogeneity. This might attribute to the degassing in the volcanic region under action of tectonic stress and volcanic activities. According to the field observation,the degassed gases were deduced might origin from the mantle. However,the migration of mantle materials did not last long period during the volcanic activities. The anomalies of SKT during the volcanic activities period might relate to the enhanced pulling-apart of faults in the area during the subduction process of Pacific slab beneath the Asian slab. Meanwhile,the results also show chemical reaction between the degassed gases and the components in the atmosphere. The results enriched the evidence from hyperspectral satellite data to the volcanic activities and favored the monitoring to the volcano activities.
引文
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