卷羽鹈鹕人工孵化条件的优化研究
摘要
影响鸟类自然孵化的四个重要因素是温度、湿度、翻蛋频次和气体交换。本文通过使用无线温湿度记录仪和行为取样法对卷羽鹈鹕(Pelecanus crispus)的自然孵化和人工孵化条件进行比较研究。结果显示:卷羽鹈鹕的自然孵化核心温度极显著低于人工孵化温度(P<0.01);自然孵化湿度极显著高于人工孵化湿度(P<0.01);自然孵化的翻蛋频率高于人工孵化设置的翻蛋频率;卷羽鹈鹕通过调整孵化方向和翻蛋等行为促进巢穴内的气体交换。建议优化人工孵化参数:保持人工孵化温度37.5℃;适当提高孵箱内湿度至55.7%左右;增加翻蛋频率至1次/h;在胚胎发育后期,适当增加通气时间。
引文
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[9]CRIVELLI A J,HATZILACOU D,CATSADORAKIS G.The breeding biology of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus[J].Ibis,1998,140(3):472-481.
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[11]周颖,马珺,袁耀华,等.半散养状态下斑嘴鹈鹕繁殖期行为的初步研究[J].动物学杂志, 2011,46(2):53-58.
[12]徐正强,裴恩乐,张峰.圈养野生动物饲养管理的原理和技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2014:56-57.
[13]EVANS R M.Egg temperatures and parental behavior during the transition from incubation to brooding in the American White Pelican[J].Auk,1989,106(1):26-33.
[14]RAHN H,AR A,PAGANELLI C V.How bird eggs breathe[J].Scientific American,1979,240(2):46-55.
[2]史新利.鹈鹕[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,1989(3):12.
[3]马珺,傅建义,虞坚颐,等.斑嘴鹈鹕引入天鹅湖的试验研究[J].生物学杂志,2011,28(1): 31-33,21.
[4]徐正强,沈莉萍,桂剑锋,等.卷羽鹈鹕幼鸟感染大肠杆菌诊治报告[J].中国兽医杂志,2014,50(3):34-36.
[5]周颖,马珺,黄康宁,等.上海动物园卷羽鹈鹕小种群遗传多样性的初步分析[J].生物学杂志,2018,35(2):56-59.
[6]XU Z Q,ZHOU Y,FU J Y,et al.Nesting behavior of captive dalmatian Pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) in China[J].Waterbirds,2018,41(2):174-178.
[7]DEEMING D C.Avian Incubation[M].New York: Oxford University Press,2002: 141,147, 156-157,166.
[8]GAGE L G,DUERR R S.Hand-Rearing Birds[M].New Jersey:Wiley-Blackwell,2007:45-47.
[9]CRIVELLI A J,HATZILACOU D,CATSADORAKIS G.The breeding biology of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus[J].Ibis,1998,140(3):472-481.
[10]SHI H Q,LIU N F,CAO L,et al.Status of the East Asian population of the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus:the need for urgent conservation action[J].Bird Conservation International,2008,18(2):181-193.
[11]周颖,马珺,袁耀华,等.半散养状态下斑嘴鹈鹕繁殖期行为的初步研究[J].动物学杂志, 2011,46(2):53-58.
[12]徐正强,裴恩乐,张峰.圈养野生动物饲养管理的原理和技术[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2014:56-57.
[13]EVANS R M.Egg temperatures and parental behavior during the transition from incubation to brooding in the American White Pelican[J].Auk,1989,106(1):26-33.
[14]RAHN H,AR A,PAGANELLI C V.How bird eggs breathe[J].Scientific American,1979,240(2):46-55.