低副瓣任意波束直接合成算法研究
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摘要
在传统阵列天线波束赋形设计中,通过对阵元天线辐射方向图进行幅度相位加权,获得阵列合成方向图.通常阵元激励幅度相位权值的获取,取决于优化算法对目标方向图和阵列合成方向图的对比,通过对阵元激励幅度相位进行大量随机选参后,获得优化结果.由于算法通常是基于相关的阵元方向图,且算法中缺乏副瓣抑制机制,使得方向图合成效率不高且副瓣效果通常不理想.该文设计了一种任意波束直接合成算法.该方法首先在阵元方向图的基础上获得一组互相独立的高增益窄波束(自由基波束),然后基于此波束进行方向图的直接合成,使波束赋形问题统一到基于自由基波束权值运算的范畴内,对波束赋形问题进行了统一,避免了未知参量的随机优选过程,极大提升了阵列天线波束赋形设计的效率.同时在自由基设计的过程中结合了副瓣抑制机制,且这种副瓣抑制机制与波束赋形过程互相独立,使合成波束的副瓣天然地具备了低副瓣的特征.
In traditional beam-forming design of array antenna, the synthetic pattern of array antenna is obtained by weighting the radiation pattern of array element antenna with amplitude and phase. Usually, the weight of the amplitude and phase of the array element excitation depends on the comparison between the target pattern and the array synthesis pattern by the optimization algorithm. Because the algorithm is usually based on pattern-related array pattern, and the algorithm lacks side-lobe suppression mechanism, the pattern synthesis efficiency is not high and the side-lobe effect is usually unsatisfactory. In this paper, a direct synthesis algorithm of arbitrary beams is designed. First, a set of independent high gain narrow beams(free radical beams) is obtained based on the array element pattern, and then the direct synthesis of the beam pattern is carried out based on this beam. The problem of beamforming is unified, which avoids the random optimization of unknown parameters and greatly improves the efficiency of beamforming design of array antenna. Meanwhile, the sidelobe suppression mechanism is combined with the free Radix design,and the sidelobe suppression mechanism is independent from the beamforming process,so that the sidelobe of synthetic beams is natural,and it has the characteristics of low sidelobe.
In traditional beam-forming design of array antenna, the synthetic pattern of array antenna is obtained by weighting the radiation pattern of array element antenna with amplitude and phase. Usually, the weight of the amplitude and phase of the array element excitation depends on the comparison between the target pattern and the array synthesis pattern by the optimization algorithm. Because the algorithm is usually based on pattern-related array pattern, and the algorithm lacks side-lobe suppression mechanism, the pattern synthesis efficiency is not high and the side-lobe effect is usually unsatisfactory. In this paper, a direct synthesis algorithm of arbitrary beams is designed. First, a set of independent high gain narrow beams(free radical beams) is obtained based on the array element pattern, and then the direct synthesis of the beam pattern is carried out based on this beam. The problem of beamforming is unified, which avoids the random optimization of unknown parameters and greatly improves the efficiency of beamforming design of array antenna. Meanwhile, the sidelobe suppression mechanism is combined with the free Radix design,and the sidelobe suppression mechanism is independent from the beamforming process,so that the sidelobe of synthetic beams is natural,and it has the characteristics of low sidelobe.
引文
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[2] MILIJI? M,NE?I? A D,MILOVANOVI? B,et al.Design,realization,and measurements of a corner reflector printed antenna array with cosecant squared-shaped beam pattern[J].IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters,2016,15:421-424.DOI:10.1109/LAWP.2015.2449257
[3] HE M,HAO Z C,FAN K,et al.A planar millimetre-wave antenna with a cosecant squared pattern[C]//2015 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC),Nanjing,2015:1-3.
[4] SCATTONE F,ETTORRE M,SAULEAU R,et al.Generation of a cosecant-squared radiation pattern with a supersaturate-like leaky-wave antenna[C]//9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP),Lisbon,2015:1-4.
[5] 徐娟.基于Butler矩阵的完全重叠子阵天线研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2014.XU J.Research on completely overlapped subarray sntenna based on butler matrix[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[6] 晋军,王华力,刘苗.基于遗传算法的任意栅格星载多波束平面阵列方向图综合[J].通信对抗,2007(1):45-49.JIN J,WANG H L,LIU M.GA based synthesis of satellite-borne multi-beam planar array with arbitrary geometry[J].Communication countermeasures.2007(1):45-49.(in Chinese)
[7] WANG P,YAO Z W.Wave beam control design for VM-based phased array antenna[C]//Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics,Dalian,2011:V2-22-V2-25.
[8] OLIVERI G,VIANI F,ANSELMI N,et al.Synthesis of multilayer WAIM coatings for planar-phased arrays within the system-by-design framework[J].IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,2015,63(6):2482-2496.
[9] TANHA M A,BRENNAN P V,ASH M,et al.Phased array antenna for avalanche FMCW radar[C]//Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC),Loughborough,2013:51-55
[10] TSUTUMI H,SUDO S,KUWAHARA Y,et al.Design of the series fed microstrip patch array antenna by the pare to genetic algorithm[C]//IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society,AP-S International Symposium (digest),2014:1854-1855.
[11] CIORNEI I,KYRIAKIDES E.Hybrid ant colony-genetic algorithm (GAAPI) for global continuous optimization [J].IEEE transactions on systems,man,and cybernetics,part B (cybernetics),2012,42(1):234-245.DOI:10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2164245
[12] CHAARI I,KOUBAA A,BENNACEUR H,et al.A hybrid ACO-GA algorithm for robot path planning[C]//2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC),Brisbane,2012:1-8.
[13] UESAKA T,ARAI H.Design of cosecant squared beam collinear array using genetic algorithm[C]//IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics,Applications and Student Innovation Competition,Kowloon,2013:74-75.
[14] 赵菲,齐会颖,邱磊,等.自适应动态Meta粒子群优化算法综合多方向图共形阵列[J].电子与信息学报,2012,34(6):1476-1482.ZHAO F,QI H Y,QIU L,et al.Adaptive dynamic meta particle swarm optimization algorithm synthesizing multiple-pattern conformal array[J].Journal of electronics & information technology,2012,34(6):1476-1482.(in Chinese)
[15] 刘燕,焦永昌,张亚明,等.混合入侵杂草算法用于阵列天线波束赋形[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2014,41(4):94-99.LIU Y,JIAO Y C,ZHANG Y M,et al.Application of the hybrid invasive weed optimization algorithm to the shaped beam synthesis of array antennas [J].Journal of Xidian University,2014,41(4):94-99.(in Chinese)
[16] 郑占旗,阎跃鹏,张立军,等.增加副瓣抑制机制的阵列天线波束赋形遗传算法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2017,39(3):690-696.ZHENG Z Q,YAN Y P,ZHANG L J,et al.Research on genetic algorithm of antenna arrays beam shaping with side lobe suppression [J].Journal of electronics & information technology,2017,39(3):690-696.(in Chinese)