1990-2010年浙江省围填海空间格局分析（英文）
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摘要
以景观生态学相关指标为基础,定量分析了浙江省1990-2010年围填海的空间格局,研究表明:(1)浙江省围填海总面积20年间达108 760 ha,其中宁波市最大,嘉兴市最小;(2)各类用地斑块面积、个数、密度以及斑块面积变异系数差异明显,且地域之间差异显著;(3)不同地类用途的平均斑块形状指数和平均斑块分维数之间呈正相关关系,台州市和宁波市指数较高,嘉兴市和绍兴市较低;(4)受相关地形条件、发展需要、人类活动等影响,浙江省围填海类型聚集度较高;(5)由于围填海面积、岸线长度、用地类型等存在差异,沿海6个地级市的围填海平均强度指数和多样性指数差异显著。
Over the past several decades, large scale of tidal flat reclamation developed fast along the Chinese coastline. Tidal flat reclamation can earn profits for local economy but also produce significant negative influences on marine ecosystems. By using relative indexes of landscape science, this article makes quantitative research on reclamation indexes of Zhejiang Province, China from 1990 to 2000 in a macro-region perspective,and the results shows that:(1) within 20 years, the total area of reclamation in Zhejiang Province had reached 108760 ha, and the reclamation area of Ningbo city was the largest while Jiaxing city is the smallest;(2) the patch area, quantity, density and variable coefficients of all types of lands were markedly different, and lands in different regions also differed distinctly;(3) average form index and fragmentation index of patch of lands of different types and functions were positively correlated, and the indexes of Taizhou city and Ningbo city were relatively high while Jiaxing city and Shaoxing city were lower;(4) under the influence of factors like topographic conditions, develop needs, human activities and so on, the degree of aggregation of the types of reclamation was relatively high;(5) because of the differences in reclamation area, coast length, land type and so on, the average intensity index and diversity index of the all coastal cities were different distinctly.
Over the past several decades, large scale of tidal flat reclamation developed fast along the Chinese coastline. Tidal flat reclamation can earn profits for local economy but also produce significant negative influences on marine ecosystems. By using relative indexes of landscape science, this article makes quantitative research on reclamation indexes of Zhejiang Province, China from 1990 to 2000 in a macro-region perspective,and the results shows that:(1) within 20 years, the total area of reclamation in Zhejiang Province had reached 108760 ha, and the reclamation area of Ningbo city was the largest while Jiaxing city is the smallest;(2) the patch area, quantity, density and variable coefficients of all types of lands were markedly different, and lands in different regions also differed distinctly;(3) average form index and fragmentation index of patch of lands of different types and functions were positively correlated, and the indexes of Taizhou city and Ningbo city were relatively high while Jiaxing city and Shaoxing city were lower;(4) under the influence of factors like topographic conditions, develop needs, human activities and so on, the degree of aggregation of the types of reclamation was relatively high;(5) because of the differences in reclamation area, coast length, land type and so on, the average intensity index and diversity index of the all coastal cities were different distinctly.
引文
[1]Zhang Ming-hui,Chen Chang-ping,Suo An-ning.International advance of sea areas reclamation impact on marine environment[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2012,21(8):1509-1513.
[2]Song Hong-li,Liu Xing-tu.Effect of Reclamation Activities on Wetlands in Estuarine Delta in China[J].Wetland Science,2013,11(2):297-304.
[3]Li Jia-lin,Wang Yan-hong,Zhang Ren-shun,et al.Application of tidal flat evolvement characters to seawall line choosing of inning project-Inner part of Jiangsu radiate sand ridges as a case study[J].The Ocean Engineering,2006,24(2):100-106.
[4]Ma Ren-feng,Li Jia-lin,Zhao Jian-ji,et al.Progress on the research of maritime industry structure and layout in China[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(5):902-914.
[5]Glaser R,Haberzettl P,Walsh R P D.Land reclamation in Singapore,Hong Kong and Macau[J].Geo Journal,1991,24(4):365-373.
[6]Li Jia-lin,Yang Xiao-ping,Tong Yi-qin.Progress on environmental effects of tidal flat reclamation[J].Progress in Geography,2007,26(2):43-51.
[7]Peng B R,Hong H S,Chen W Q,et al.Ecological damage appraisal of sea reclamation:theory,method and application[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2005,20(5):714-726.
[8]Lie H J,Cho C H,Lee S,Kim E S,et al.Changes in marine environment by a large coastal development of the Saemangeum reclamation project in Korea[J].Ocean and Polar Research,2008,30(4):475-484.
[9]Zhao Ying-dong,Ma Kang,Song Xin.Integrated ecological effects of reclamation on coastal habitats[J].Shandong Fisheries,2010,27(8):57-58.
[10]Sun Li,Liu hon-bin,Yang Yi-ju,et al.Comparative Studies:Coastal Reclamation Management between China and Abroad[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Science),2010,17(5):40-46.
[11]Gong Wen-ping,Wang Dao-ru.The natural condition availability analysis of reclamation on the north of Huang long harbor,diaolou village Lingao county Hainan province[J].Coastal Engineering,1995,14(3):37-41.
[12]Sun Lian-cheng.A study on influence of reclamation in Tanggu on peripheral sediment environment[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2003,350(3):1-5.
[13]Zhu Gao-ru,Xu Xue-gong.Research review on environmental effects of land reclamation from sea[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2011,27(8):57-58.
[14]Wu Rui-zhen,Cai Wei-xu,Qiu Ye-bing,et al.Discussion on the evaluation for environmental impact[J].Ocean Development and Management,
[15]Liu Xiu-de,Li Tao.Comprehensive assessment of environmental impact of reclamation planning in the bay of Fujian Province[M].Beijing:Science Press,China,2008.
[16]Han Xue-shuang.The evaluation system of reclamation planning in bays[J].Ocean University of China,2009.
[17]Xu Jin-yong,Zhang Zeng-xiang,Zhao Xiao-li et al.Remote sensing monitoring method of land reclamation[J].Bulletin of Surveying And Mapping,2014,52(5):60-62.
[18]Chen Feng-gui,Wu Yao-jian,Chen Si-ting.Trends of Land Reclamation from Sea and its Driving Mechanism in Fujian Province[J].China Land Science,2012,26(5):23-29.
[19]Sun Li-e.Coastline changes monitoring with remote sensing of the Zhejiang province and research on coastal vulnerability assessment[D].The first Marine Research Institute of the State Oceanic Administration,2013.
[20]Huang Xiao-chen.Investigation and Research on the use of sea areas in Zhejiang Province[M].Beijing:Beijing Ocean Press,2011.
[21]Wu Jian-guo.Landscape ecology:pattern,process,scale and hierarchy(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007,24(5):62-66.
(1)Wetland:the area artificially reclaimed into the wetland from the muddy coast.
(2)Vacant land:the natural sea waters which has been enclosed artificially but not utilized before 2010(as indicated in the remote sensing image of 2010); such land is reserved based on existing development condition and actual demand.
[2]Song Hong-li,Liu Xing-tu.Effect of Reclamation Activities on Wetlands in Estuarine Delta in China[J].Wetland Science,2013,11(2):297-304.
[3]Li Jia-lin,Wang Yan-hong,Zhang Ren-shun,et al.Application of tidal flat evolvement characters to seawall line choosing of inning project-Inner part of Jiangsu radiate sand ridges as a case study[J].The Ocean Engineering,2006,24(2):100-106.
[4]Ma Ren-feng,Li Jia-lin,Zhao Jian-ji,et al.Progress on the research of maritime industry structure and layout in China[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(5):902-914.
[5]Glaser R,Haberzettl P,Walsh R P D.Land reclamation in Singapore,Hong Kong and Macau[J].Geo Journal,1991,24(4):365-373.
[6]Li Jia-lin,Yang Xiao-ping,Tong Yi-qin.Progress on environmental effects of tidal flat reclamation[J].Progress in Geography,2007,26(2):43-51.
[7]Peng B R,Hong H S,Chen W Q,et al.Ecological damage appraisal of sea reclamation:theory,method and application[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2005,20(5):714-726.
[8]Lie H J,Cho C H,Lee S,Kim E S,et al.Changes in marine environment by a large coastal development of the Saemangeum reclamation project in Korea[J].Ocean and Polar Research,2008,30(4):475-484.
[9]Zhao Ying-dong,Ma Kang,Song Xin.Integrated ecological effects of reclamation on coastal habitats[J].Shandong Fisheries,2010,27(8):57-58.
[10]Sun Li,Liu hon-bin,Yang Yi-ju,et al.Comparative Studies:Coastal Reclamation Management between China and Abroad[J].Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Science),2010,17(5):40-46.
[11]Gong Wen-ping,Wang Dao-ru.The natural condition availability analysis of reclamation on the north of Huang long harbor,diaolou village Lingao county Hainan province[J].Coastal Engineering,1995,14(3):37-41.
[12]Sun Lian-cheng.A study on influence of reclamation in Tanggu on peripheral sediment environment[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2003,350(3):1-5.
[13]Zhu Gao-ru,Xu Xue-gong.Research review on environmental effects of land reclamation from sea[J].Ecology and Environmental Science,2011,27(8):57-58.
[14]Wu Rui-zhen,Cai Wei-xu,Qiu Ye-bing,et al.Discussion on the evaluation for environmental impact[J].Ocean Development and Management,
[15]Liu Xiu-de,Li Tao.Comprehensive assessment of environmental impact of reclamation planning in the bay of Fujian Province[M].Beijing:Science Press,China,2008.
[16]Han Xue-shuang.The evaluation system of reclamation planning in bays[J].Ocean University of China,2009.
[17]Xu Jin-yong,Zhang Zeng-xiang,Zhao Xiao-li et al.Remote sensing monitoring method of land reclamation[J].Bulletin of Surveying And Mapping,2014,52(5):60-62.
[18]Chen Feng-gui,Wu Yao-jian,Chen Si-ting.Trends of Land Reclamation from Sea and its Driving Mechanism in Fujian Province[J].China Land Science,2012,26(5):23-29.
[19]Sun Li-e.Coastline changes monitoring with remote sensing of the Zhejiang province and research on coastal vulnerability assessment[D].The first Marine Research Institute of the State Oceanic Administration,2013.
[20]Huang Xiao-chen.Investigation and Research on the use of sea areas in Zhejiang Province[M].Beijing:Beijing Ocean Press,2011.
[21]Wu Jian-guo.Landscape ecology:pattern,process,scale and hierarchy(Second Edition)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007,24(5):62-66.
(1)Wetland:the area artificially reclaimed into the wetland from the muddy coast.
(2)Vacant land:the natural sea waters which has been enclosed artificially but not utilized before 2010(as indicated in the remote sensing image of 2010); such land is reserved based on existing development condition and actual demand.