人类活动对港湾岸线及景观变迁影响的比较研究——以中国象山港与美国坦帕湾为例（英文）
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摘要
Using multitemporal Landsat TM/OLI images at a 10-year interval,in this study,we(1)extracted information of spatial location,length,and sinuosity of coastline and landscape configuration,diversity and fragmentation in the bay areas of Xiangshan Bay(XB),China and Tampa Bay(TB),USA from 1985 to 2015;(2)constructed indices of artificial coastlines and human disturbance on bay area landscapes;and(3)explored and discussed the impacts of human activities on changes of coastlines and landscape types in the two bay areas.Our analysis results demonstrate the following five points.(1)During the past 30 years,the lengths of natural coastline in XB and TB shrank,while the lengths of their artificial coastline increased first and then maintained stable.Since there were different influences of human activities on coastlines and landscape types between the two bay areas,XB experienced dramatic changes in parts of coastline geomorphologies and continuous decrease of coastline sinuosity,while,in TB,there was a little change in coastline geomorphologies and its coastline sinuosity was almost unchanged.(2)The intensity of human activities in XB was continuously enhanced from 1985 to 1995,and then the degree of enhancement had slowed down after 1995.However,in the time period,the impacted extent of human activities gradually increased and finally covered almost entire coastlines in XB.In TB area,although the intensity of human activities was enhanced,the degree of enhancement slowed down from1985 to 2015 and the impacted areas of human activates were concentrated in several coastal city areas.(3)The average area of landscape patches strongly disturbed by human activities in both XB and TB generally showed a trend of decreasing from 1985 to 2005.However,during the period of 2005 to 2015,the average patch area of landscapes disturbed by different degrees of human activities in XB changed differently,while in TB it almost did not change.(4)From 1985 to 2005,the indices of landscape diversity in various areas of human disturbance in XB gradually increased,while in TB,changes in indices of the landscape diversity varied.From 2005 to 2015,the changes in the intensity of human disturbance in both bay areas were from weak to strong,whereas the indices of landscape diversity in XB and TB increased first and then decreased.(5)The landscape fragmentation index in different human disturbance areas in both XB and TB gradually increased from 1985 to 2005,while from 2005 to 2015,in both bay areas,the landscape fragmentation index presented a decreasing trend.
Using multitemporal Landsat TM/OLI images at a 10-year interval,in this study,we(1)extracted information of spatial location,length,and sinuosity of coastline and landscape configuration,diversity and fragmentation in the bay areas of Xiangshan Bay(XB),China and Tampa Bay(TB),USA from 1985 to 2015;(2)constructed indices of artificial coastlines and human disturbance on bay area landscapes;and(3)explored and discussed the impacts of human activities on changes of coastlines and landscape types in the two bay areas.Our analysis results demonstrate the following five points.(1)During the past 30 years,the lengths of natural coastline in XB and TB shrank,while the lengths of their artificial coastline increased first and then maintained stable.Since there were different influences of human activities on coastlines and landscape types between the two bay areas,XB experienced dramatic changes in parts of coastline geomorphologies and continuous decrease of coastline sinuosity,while,in TB,there was a little change in coastline geomorphologies and its coastline sinuosity was almost unchanged.(2)The intensity of human activities in XB was continuously enhanced from 1985 to 1995,and then the degree of enhancement had slowed down after 1995.However,in the time period,the impacted extent of human activities gradually increased and finally covered almost entire coastlines in XB.In TB area,although the intensity of human activities was enhanced,the degree of enhancement slowed down from1985 to 2015 and the impacted areas of human activates were concentrated in several coastal city areas.(3)The average area of landscape patches strongly disturbed by human activities in both XB and TB generally showed a trend of decreasing from 1985 to 2005.However,during the period of 2005 to 2015,the average patch area of landscapes disturbed by different degrees of human activities in XB changed differently,while in TB it almost did not change.(4)From 1985 to 2005,the indices of landscape diversity in various areas of human disturbance in XB gradually increased,while in TB,changes in indices of the landscape diversity varied.From 2005 to 2015,the changes in the intensity of human disturbance in both bay areas were from weak to strong,whereas the indices of landscape diversity in XB and TB increased first and then decreased.(5)The landscape fragmentation index in different human disturbance areas in both XB and TB gradually increased from 1985 to 2005,while from 2005 to 2015,in both bay areas,the landscape fragmentation index presented a decreasing trend.
Using multitemporal Landsat TM/OLI images at a 10-year interval,in this study,we(1)extracted information of spatial location,length,and sinuosity of coastline and landscape configuration,diversity and fragmentation in the bay areas of Xiangshan Bay(XB),China and Tampa Bay(TB),USA from 1985 to 2015;(2)constructed indices of artificial coastlines and human disturbance on bay area landscapes;and(3)explored and discussed the impacts of human activities on changes of coastlines and landscape types in the two bay areas.Our analysis results demonstrate the following five points.(1)During the past 30 years,the lengths of natural coastline in XB and TB shrank,while the lengths of their artificial coastline increased first and then maintained stable.Since there were different influences of human activities on coastlines and landscape types between the two bay areas,XB experienced dramatic changes in parts of coastline geomorphologies and continuous decrease of coastline sinuosity,while,in TB,there was a little change in coastline geomorphologies and its coastline sinuosity was almost unchanged.(2)The intensity of human activities in XB was continuously enhanced from 1985 to 1995,and then the degree of enhancement had slowed down after 1995.However,in the time period,the impacted extent of human activities gradually increased and finally covered almost entire coastlines in XB.In TB area,although the intensity of human activities was enhanced,the degree of enhancement slowed down from1985 to 2015 and the impacted areas of human activates were concentrated in several coastal city areas.(3)The average area of landscape patches strongly disturbed by human activities in both XB and TB generally showed a trend of decreasing from 1985 to 2005.However,during the period of 2005 to 2015,the average patch area of landscapes disturbed by different degrees of human activities in XB changed differently,while in TB it almost did not change.(4)From 1985 to 2005,the indices of landscape diversity in various areas of human disturbance in XB gradually increased,while in TB,changes in indices of the landscape diversity varied.From 2005 to 2015,the changes in the intensity of human disturbance in both bay areas were from weak to strong,whereas the indices of landscape diversity in XB and TB increased first and then decreased.(5)The landscape fragmentation index in different human disturbance areas in both XB and TB gradually increased from 1985 to 2005,while from 2005 to 2015,in both bay areas,the landscape fragmentation index presented a decreasing trend.
引文
Blodget H W,Taylor P T,Roark J H,1991.Shoreline changes along the Rosetta-Nile promontory:Monitoring with satellite observations.Marine Geology,99:67-77.
Burningham H,French J,2017.Understanding coastal change using shoreline trend analysis supported by cluster-based segmentation.Geomorphology,282:131-149.
Chen Z S,Wu S Y,Wang W H,2007.The Gulf of China.Beijing:China Ocean Press.(in Chinese)
Chu Z X,Yang X H,Feng X L et al.,2013.Temporal and spatial changes in coastline movement of the Yangtze Delta during 1974-2010.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,66:166-174.
Fan D,Guo H D,Yue H Y et al.,2002.Detection of lake shoreline in SAR image based on wavelet.Journal of Remote Sensing,6(6):511-516.(in Chinese)
Ghosh M K,Kumar L,Roy C,2015.Monitoring the coastline change of Hatiya Island in Bangladesh using remote sensing techniques.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,101:137-144.
Guo L,Du S H,Xue D Y et al.,2009.Spatiotemporal variation of landscape patterns during rapid urbanization in Guangzhou City.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,45(1):129-136.(in Chinese)
Jerzy S,2009.Spatial context of urbanization:Landscape pattern and changes between 1950 and 1990 in the Warsaw metropolitan area Poland.Landscape and Urban Planning,93(2):250-261.
Joseph T,Ioannis N,Vogiatzakis,2011.Processes and patterns of landscape change on a small Aegean island:The case of Sifnos Greece.Landscape and Urban Planning,99(1):58-64.
Kannan R,Ramanamurthy M V,Kanungo A,2016.Shoreline change monitoring in Nellore coast at east coast Andhra Pradesh district using remote sensing and GIS.Journal of Fisheries and Livestock Production,4(1):161.doi:10.4172/2332-2608.1000161.
Lantuit H,Pollard W H,2008.Fifty years of coastal erosion and retrogressive thaw slump activity on Herschel Island,southern Beaufort Sea,Yukon Territory,Canada.Geomorphology,95(1/2):84-102.
Li C C,1986.Geomorphic characteristics of the harbor coasts in south China.Acta Geographica Sinica,41(4):311-369.(in Chinese)
Li J L,Yang L,Pu R L et al.,2017.A review on anthropogenic geomorphology.Acta Geographica Sinica,27(1):109-128.(in Chinese)
Li X,Zhang L P,Ji C G et al.,2014.Spatiotemporal changes of Jiangsu coastline:A remote sensing and GIS approach.Geographical Research,33(3):414-426.(in Chinese)
Li Y,Wang Y L,Peng J et al.,2009.Research on dynamic changes of coastline in Shenzhen City based on Landsat image.Resources Science,31(5):875-883.(in Chinese)
Lin G L,Zuo Y H,2006.Cumulative ecological effects assessment on resource exploitation and utilization in bay.Journal of Natural Resources,21(3):432-440.(in Chinese)
Lin G L,Zuo Y H,2007.PRED regulation of Xiamen bay in the process of urbanization.Acta Geographica Sinica,62(2):137-146.(in Chinese)
Lisa M,Olsen V H,Dale T F,2007.Landscape patterns as indicators of ecological change at Fort Benning Georgia USA.Landscape and Urban Planning,79(2):137-149.
Ma L J,Yang X G,Qi Y L et al.,2014.Oceanic area change and contributing factor of Jiaozhou bay.Scientia Geographica Sinica,34(3):365-369.(in Chinese)
Parcerisas L,Marull J,Pino J et al.,2012.Land use changes,landscape ecology and their socioeconomic driving forces in the Spanish Mediterranean coast(El Maresme County,1850-2005).Environmental Science and Policy,23(11):120-132.
Paterson K S,David K L,2014.The human dimension of changing shorelines along the U.S.North Atlantic Coast.Coastal Management,42(1):17-20.
Qin X D,Min Q W,2007.Application of cellular automata in landscape pattern optimization.Resources Science,29(4):85-91.(in Chinese)
Ryu J H,Choi J K,Lee Y K et al.,2014.Potential of remote sensing in management of tidal flats:A case study of thematic mapping in the Korean tidal flats.Ocean and Coastal Management,102:458-470.
Sun W F,Ma Y,Zhang J et al.,2011.Study of remote sensing interpretation keys and extraction technique of different types of shoreline.Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,(3):41-44.(in Chinese)
Tian G J,Zhang Z X,Zhang G P et al.,2002.Landscape dynamic change pattern of Haikou City by TM imagery and GIS.Acta Ecologica Sinica,22(7):1028-1034.(in Chinese)
Tirkey N,Biradar R S,2005.A study on shoreline changes of Mumbai coast using remote sensing and GIS.Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing,33(1):85-88.
Verbutg P H,Soepboer W,Veldkamp A et al.,2002.Land use change modeling at the regional scale.The Clues Environmental Management,30:391-405.
Wan K,Bao X W,Yao Z G et al.,2014.Tidal and residual current characteristics at mouth of Shangchenggang channel.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,45(4):669-675.(in Chinese)
Wang M Y,Li J L,Xu L H et al.,2014.Beach farmland reclamation from landscape pattern change:Dongtai County,Jiangsu Province as a case study.Journal of Ningbo University(NSEE),27(4):60-65.(in Chinese)
Wang X H,Zhu X D,Li Y F et al.,2007.Dynamic assessment of the cumulative ecological effects from Xiamen Bay city development.Acta Ecologica Sinica,27(6):2375-2381.(in Chinese)
Wang Y,Ji X M,2011.Environmental characteristics and changes of coastal ocean as land-ocean transitional zone of China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,31(2):129-135.(in Chinese)
Wu J S,Wang Z,Zhang L Q et al.,2012.Research progresses on driving forces of the changes of landscape pattern.Progress in Geography,31(12):1739-1746.(in Chinese)
Xu J Y,Zhang Z X,Zhao X L et al.,2013.Spatial-temporal analysis of coastline changes in northern China from2000 to 2012.Acta Geographica Sinica,68(5):651-660.(in Chinese)
Xu L H,Gong H B,Li J L,2015a.Comprehensive suitability assessment of coastline resources of Zhejiang province,China.Philippine Agricultural Scientist,98(2):224-236.
Xu L H,Li J L,Yang L et al.,2015b.Integrated suitability evaluation on mainland coastline resources in Zhejiang province.China Land Sciences,29(5):49-56.(in Chinese)
Xu Y,Zhong Y X,Feng X H et al.,2017.Response of landuse change to the human activities in Jiangxi province.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,24(1):181-193.(in Chinese)
Yao X J,Gao Y,Du Y Y et al.,2013.Spatial and temporal changes of Hainan coastline in the past 30 years based on RS.Journal of Natural Resources,18(1):114-125.(in Chinese)
Yuan Q X,Li J L,Xu L H et al.,2014.Quantitative analysis of river morphological features in Xiangshangang Bay Basin.Journal of Marine Sciences,32(3):50-57.(in Chinese)
Yuan Q X,Li J L,Xu L H et al.,2015.Temporal and spatial variations of shoreline in tidal inlet system of Xiangshangang Bay and its relation to human activities in the past 40a.Journal of Applied Oceanography,34(2):279-290.(in Chinese)
Zhang Q M,Zheng D Y,Li S N et al.,1995.A study on the sediment dynamics of ebb-tidal delta of Zhanjiang harbor tidal inlet.Acta Geographica Sinica,50(5):421-429.(in Chinese)
Zhao Z Z,2013.Mainland Shoreline Change Analysis of Fujian Province of 30 Years on Remote Sensing.Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology.(in Chinese)
Zhou J,Chen B,Yu W W,2011.Landscape pattern analysis and dynamic change in Quanzhou Bay.Marine Environmental Science,30(3):370-375.(in Chinese)
Zhu C G,Zhang X,Luo J C et al.,2013.Automatic extraction of coastline by remote sensing technology based on SVM and auto-selection of training samples.Remote Sensing for Land and Resources,25(2):69-74.(in Chinese)
1 Official website of United States Geological Survey.Image data can be downloaded at[EB/OL].http://glovis.usgs.gov/
2 Official website of Geospatial Data Cloud.Image data can be downloaded at[EB/OL].http://datamirror.csdb.cn/
3 Official website of Tampa Bay.Water Atlas of Tampa Bay[EB/OL].http://www.tampabay.wateratlas.usf.edu/digitallibrary/
Burningham H,French J,2017.Understanding coastal change using shoreline trend analysis supported by cluster-based segmentation.Geomorphology,282:131-149.
Chen Z S,Wu S Y,Wang W H,2007.The Gulf of China.Beijing:China Ocean Press.(in Chinese)
Chu Z X,Yang X H,Feng X L et al.,2013.Temporal and spatial changes in coastline movement of the Yangtze Delta during 1974-2010.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,66:166-174.
Fan D,Guo H D,Yue H Y et al.,2002.Detection of lake shoreline in SAR image based on wavelet.Journal of Remote Sensing,6(6):511-516.(in Chinese)
Ghosh M K,Kumar L,Roy C,2015.Monitoring the coastline change of Hatiya Island in Bangladesh using remote sensing techniques.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,101:137-144.
Guo L,Du S H,Xue D Y et al.,2009.Spatiotemporal variation of landscape patterns during rapid urbanization in Guangzhou City.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,45(1):129-136.(in Chinese)
Jerzy S,2009.Spatial context of urbanization:Landscape pattern and changes between 1950 and 1990 in the Warsaw metropolitan area Poland.Landscape and Urban Planning,93(2):250-261.
Joseph T,Ioannis N,Vogiatzakis,2011.Processes and patterns of landscape change on a small Aegean island:The case of Sifnos Greece.Landscape and Urban Planning,99(1):58-64.
Kannan R,Ramanamurthy M V,Kanungo A,2016.Shoreline change monitoring in Nellore coast at east coast Andhra Pradesh district using remote sensing and GIS.Journal of Fisheries and Livestock Production,4(1):161.doi:10.4172/2332-2608.1000161.
Lantuit H,Pollard W H,2008.Fifty years of coastal erosion and retrogressive thaw slump activity on Herschel Island,southern Beaufort Sea,Yukon Territory,Canada.Geomorphology,95(1/2):84-102.
Li C C,1986.Geomorphic characteristics of the harbor coasts in south China.Acta Geographica Sinica,41(4):311-369.(in Chinese)
Li J L,Yang L,Pu R L et al.,2017.A review on anthropogenic geomorphology.Acta Geographica Sinica,27(1):109-128.(in Chinese)
Li X,Zhang L P,Ji C G et al.,2014.Spatiotemporal changes of Jiangsu coastline:A remote sensing and GIS approach.Geographical Research,33(3):414-426.(in Chinese)
Li Y,Wang Y L,Peng J et al.,2009.Research on dynamic changes of coastline in Shenzhen City based on Landsat image.Resources Science,31(5):875-883.(in Chinese)
Lin G L,Zuo Y H,2006.Cumulative ecological effects assessment on resource exploitation and utilization in bay.Journal of Natural Resources,21(3):432-440.(in Chinese)
Lin G L,Zuo Y H,2007.PRED regulation of Xiamen bay in the process of urbanization.Acta Geographica Sinica,62(2):137-146.(in Chinese)
Lisa M,Olsen V H,Dale T F,2007.Landscape patterns as indicators of ecological change at Fort Benning Georgia USA.Landscape and Urban Planning,79(2):137-149.
Ma L J,Yang X G,Qi Y L et al.,2014.Oceanic area change and contributing factor of Jiaozhou bay.Scientia Geographica Sinica,34(3):365-369.(in Chinese)
Parcerisas L,Marull J,Pino J et al.,2012.Land use changes,landscape ecology and their socioeconomic driving forces in the Spanish Mediterranean coast(El Maresme County,1850-2005).Environmental Science and Policy,23(11):120-132.
Paterson K S,David K L,2014.The human dimension of changing shorelines along the U.S.North Atlantic Coast.Coastal Management,42(1):17-20.
Qin X D,Min Q W,2007.Application of cellular automata in landscape pattern optimization.Resources Science,29(4):85-91.(in Chinese)
Ryu J H,Choi J K,Lee Y K et al.,2014.Potential of remote sensing in management of tidal flats:A case study of thematic mapping in the Korean tidal flats.Ocean and Coastal Management,102:458-470.
Sun W F,Ma Y,Zhang J et al.,2011.Study of remote sensing interpretation keys and extraction technique of different types of shoreline.Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,(3):41-44.(in Chinese)
Tian G J,Zhang Z X,Zhang G P et al.,2002.Landscape dynamic change pattern of Haikou City by TM imagery and GIS.Acta Ecologica Sinica,22(7):1028-1034.(in Chinese)
Tirkey N,Biradar R S,2005.A study on shoreline changes of Mumbai coast using remote sensing and GIS.Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing,33(1):85-88.
Verbutg P H,Soepboer W,Veldkamp A et al.,2002.Land use change modeling at the regional scale.The Clues Environmental Management,30:391-405.
Wan K,Bao X W,Yao Z G et al.,2014.Tidal and residual current characteristics at mouth of Shangchenggang channel.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,45(4):669-675.(in Chinese)
Wang M Y,Li J L,Xu L H et al.,2014.Beach farmland reclamation from landscape pattern change:Dongtai County,Jiangsu Province as a case study.Journal of Ningbo University(NSEE),27(4):60-65.(in Chinese)
Wang X H,Zhu X D,Li Y F et al.,2007.Dynamic assessment of the cumulative ecological effects from Xiamen Bay city development.Acta Ecologica Sinica,27(6):2375-2381.(in Chinese)
Wang Y,Ji X M,2011.Environmental characteristics and changes of coastal ocean as land-ocean transitional zone of China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,31(2):129-135.(in Chinese)
Wu J S,Wang Z,Zhang L Q et al.,2012.Research progresses on driving forces of the changes of landscape pattern.Progress in Geography,31(12):1739-1746.(in Chinese)
Xu J Y,Zhang Z X,Zhao X L et al.,2013.Spatial-temporal analysis of coastline changes in northern China from2000 to 2012.Acta Geographica Sinica,68(5):651-660.(in Chinese)
Xu L H,Gong H B,Li J L,2015a.Comprehensive suitability assessment of coastline resources of Zhejiang province,China.Philippine Agricultural Scientist,98(2):224-236.
Xu L H,Li J L,Yang L et al.,2015b.Integrated suitability evaluation on mainland coastline resources in Zhejiang province.China Land Sciences,29(5):49-56.(in Chinese)
Xu Y,Zhong Y X,Feng X H et al.,2017.Response of landuse change to the human activities in Jiangxi province.Research of Soil and Water Conservation,24(1):181-193.(in Chinese)
Yao X J,Gao Y,Du Y Y et al.,2013.Spatial and temporal changes of Hainan coastline in the past 30 years based on RS.Journal of Natural Resources,18(1):114-125.(in Chinese)
Yuan Q X,Li J L,Xu L H et al.,2014.Quantitative analysis of river morphological features in Xiangshangang Bay Basin.Journal of Marine Sciences,32(3):50-57.(in Chinese)
Yuan Q X,Li J L,Xu L H et al.,2015.Temporal and spatial variations of shoreline in tidal inlet system of Xiangshangang Bay and its relation to human activities in the past 40a.Journal of Applied Oceanography,34(2):279-290.(in Chinese)
Zhang Q M,Zheng D Y,Li S N et al.,1995.A study on the sediment dynamics of ebb-tidal delta of Zhanjiang harbor tidal inlet.Acta Geographica Sinica,50(5):421-429.(in Chinese)
Zhao Z Z,2013.Mainland Shoreline Change Analysis of Fujian Province of 30 Years on Remote Sensing.Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology.(in Chinese)
Zhou J,Chen B,Yu W W,2011.Landscape pattern analysis and dynamic change in Quanzhou Bay.Marine Environmental Science,30(3):370-375.(in Chinese)
Zhu C G,Zhang X,Luo J C et al.,2013.Automatic extraction of coastline by remote sensing technology based on SVM and auto-selection of training samples.Remote Sensing for Land and Resources,25(2):69-74.(in Chinese)
1 Official website of United States Geological Survey.Image data can be downloaded at[EB/OL].http://glovis.usgs.gov/
2 Official website of Geospatial Data Cloud.Image data can be downloaded at[EB/OL].http://datamirror.csdb.cn/
3 Official website of Tampa Bay.Water Atlas of Tampa Bay[EB/OL].http://www.tampabay.wateratlas.usf.edu/digitallibrary/