考虑储层孔隙介质分形特点的衰竭气藏储气库储层压力分布预测
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摘要
考虑储层孔隙介质分形特点以及储层压力变化对储层介质渗流参数的影响,根据气体不稳定渗流理论,建立了衰竭气藏储气库储层压力动态分布的分形渗流模型,并推导出了注气过程动态储层压力的预测公式。在对本文模型计算结果与三维渗流模型计算结果对比分析基础上,研究了分形维数、弯曲率、储层厚度、气体黏度、注气速率和注气时间对地下储气库储层压力分布的影响,并计算了国内某衰竭气藏储气库BN-4井注气后的储层压力分布。结果表明:本文所建立的模型具有较高的计算精度,可以满足实际工程计算需求;分形维数和渗透率随着孔隙度的增大而增大,储气库储层介质的应力敏感性受毛细管外壁的岩性影响较大;衰竭气藏储气库的储层压力随着储层介质弯曲率、气体黏度、注气速率、注气时间的增大而增大,随着分形维数和储层厚度的增大而减小;分形维数、储层厚度、注气速率、注气时间对储气库储层压力的影响比较显著,而介质弯曲率和气体黏度对其影响不明显。为充分利用储气库储层,实际工程中注气井的间距不宜过大及可适当延长注气时间。
Considering the fractal feature of porous medium and the influence of reservoir pressure change on seepage parameters in depleted reservoir gas storage,the fractal seepage model was built up to calculate the reservoir pressure based on unstable gas seepage flow.The reservoir pressure of depleted reservoir gas storage by the new model was compared with the results by threedimensional seepage mathematical model.In addition,the influence faceors of reservoir pressure were studied,such as increase fractal dimension,tortuosity,reservoir thickness,gas viscosity,injection rate and time.The results show the fractal seepage model is precise and correct,and can meet the actual engineering demands.The fractal dimension and permeability increase with the increase of porosity.The stress sensitivity of porous medium in depleted reservoir gas storage is strongly influenced by rock property of capillary wall.The reservoir pressure of depleted reservoir gas storage increase with the increase of tortuosity,gas viscosity,injection rate and time,but decrease with the increase of fractal dimension and reservoir thickness.The fractal dimension,reservoir thickness,injection rate and time have great effects on the reservoir pressure,whereas the tortuosity and gas viscosity have little influences on it.
Considering the fractal feature of porous medium and the influence of reservoir pressure change on seepage parameters in depleted reservoir gas storage,the fractal seepage model was built up to calculate the reservoir pressure based on unstable gas seepage flow.The reservoir pressure of depleted reservoir gas storage by the new model was compared with the results by threedimensional seepage mathematical model.In addition,the influence faceors of reservoir pressure were studied,such as increase fractal dimension,tortuosity,reservoir thickness,gas viscosity,injection rate and time.The results show the fractal seepage model is precise and correct,and can meet the actual engineering demands.The fractal dimension and permeability increase with the increase of porosity.The stress sensitivity of porous medium in depleted reservoir gas storage is strongly influenced by rock property of capillary wall.The reservoir pressure of depleted reservoir gas storage increase with the increase of tortuosity,gas viscosity,injection rate and time,but decrease with the increase of fractal dimension and reservoir thickness.The fractal dimension,reservoir thickness,injection rate and time have great effects on the reservoir pressure,whereas the tortuosity and gas viscosity have little influences on it.
引文
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[2]Schaaf T,Coureaud B,Labat N,et al.Using experimental designs,assisted history-matching tools,and Bayesian framework to get probabilistic gas-storage pressure forecasts[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2009,12(5):724-736.
[3]Zatsepina O Y,Pooladi-Darvish M.Storage of CO2as hydrate in depleted gas reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2012,15(1):98-108.
[4]张旭,翟应虎,李祖光,等.利用分形理论评价地层可钻性[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):124-128.Zhang Xu,Zhai Yinghu,Li Zuguang,et al.Formation drillability evaluation using fractal theory[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(1):124-128.
[5]唐玮,唐仁骐,白喜俊.分形理论在油层物理学中的应用[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):93-96.Tang Wei,Tang Renqi,Bai Xijun.Application of fractal dimension theory to reservoir physics[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):93-96.
[6]闫铁,张杨,李玮,等.基于分形维数的钻头优选指数标度法及其应用[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):472-476.Yan Tie,Zhang Yang,Li Wei,et al.An index-scaling procedure for bit optimization based on the fractal dimension and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):472-476.
[7]李玮,闫铁.基于分形岩石破碎比功方程的钻井优化[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):693-696.Li Wei,Yan Tie.Drilling optimization based on the fractal crushing work ratio equation of rocks[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):693-696.
[8]李留仁,赵艳艳,李忠兴,等.多孔介质微观孔隙结构分形特征及分形系数的意义[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(3):105-107.Li Liuren,Zhao Yanyan,Li Zhongxing,et al.Fractal characteristics of micropore structure of porous media and the meaning of fractal coefficient[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China:Edtion of Natural Science,2004,28(3):105-107.
[9]马新仿,张士诚,郎兆新.分形理论在岩石孔隙结构研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(S1):2164-2167.Ma Xinfang,Zhang Shicheng,Lang Zhaoxin.Application of fractal theory to pore structure research[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(S1):2164-2167.
[10]同登科,刘敏鸽.双重介质分形油藏非线性流动分析[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(2):59-62.Tong Dengke,Liu Minge.Non-linear flow fractal analysis on reservoir with double-media[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China:Edtion of Natural Science,2003,27(2):59-62.
[11]同登科,张海英.变形双重介质分形油藏渗流流动分析[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(4):76-79.Tong Dengke,Zhang Haiying.Flow analysis of fluid in fractal reservoir with deformed double-porosity medium[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China:Edtion of Natural Science,2003,27(4):76-79.
[12]周廷全,陈俊侠.济阳坳陷桩西古潜山储层裂缝的分形特征[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(5):1-5.Zhou Tingquan,Chen Junxia.Fractal characteristics of fracture in Zhuangxi buried-hill reservoir,Jiyang depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2011,35(5):1-5.
[13]Wang T,Yan X,Yang H,et al.A new shape design method of salt cavern used as underground gas storage[J].Applied Energy,2013,104:50-61.
[14]Yu B,Cheng P.A fractal permeability model for bi-dispersed porous media[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2002,45(14):2983-2993.
[15]Yu B M,Li J H,Zhang D M.A fractal trans-plane permeability model for textile fabrics[J].International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2003,30(1):127-138.
[16]Yun M,Yu B,Cai J.Analysis of seepage characters in fractal porous media[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2009,52(13/14):3272-3278.
[17]员美娟.多孔介质中流体的若干流动特性研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.Yun Meijuan.Research on some flow properties of fluid in porous media[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008.
[18]Atzeni C,Pia G,Sanna U.A geometrical fractal model for the porosity and permeability of hydraulic cement pastes[J].Construction and Building Materials,2010,24(10):1843-1847.
[19]Comiti J,Renaud M.New model for determining mean structure parameters of fixed beds from pressure drop measurements:application to beds packed with parallellepipedal particles[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1989,44(7):1539-1545.
[20]王学武,黄延章,杨正明.致密储层应力敏感性研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(S1):182-186.Wang Xuewu,Huang Yanzhang,Yang Zhengming.Study of stress sensitivity of tight reservoir[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(S1):182-186.
[21]葛家理.现代油藏渗流力学原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003.Ge Jiali.The modern mechanics of fluid flow oil reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003.
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